Changeset 1063

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11/11/06 16:12:05 (2 years ago)
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tushar
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Updated: wpa-service

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  • trunk/wpa-service.txt

    r1030 r1063  
    11AUTHOR: Eloi Primaux eloi AT bliscat dot org 
    22 
    3 DATE: 2006-03-31 
     3DATE: 2006-10-13 
    44 
    55LICENSE: GNU Free Documentation License Version 2 
    …… 
    1111ATTACHMENTS: 
    1212 
    13 http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/attachments/wpa-service/wpa-service 
    14 http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/attachments/wpa-service/wpa-service-conf 
    15 http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/attachments/wpa-service/wpa-init 
    16 http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/attachments/wpa-service/autopid-service 
     13http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/attachments/wpa-service/wpa_service.conf 
     14http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/attachments/wpa-service/wpa-rcscript 
     15http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/attachments/wpa-service/wpa-service2 
     16http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/attachments/wpa-service/wpa-service-iface 
     17http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/attachments/wpa-service/wpa_actions-script 
     18http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/attachments/wpa-service/ifplugd_wrapper-script 
    1719 
    1820 
    1921PREREQUISITES: 
    2022 
    21 1)   A working LFS-6.1 system or newer with wireless capabilities   
    22 1.a) Linux kernel 2.6.14 or newest                          (0) 
    23 1.b) Wireless Cards Drivers 
    24 2)   An IP service 
    25 2.a) Static IP service                                      (1) 
    26 2.b) Dynamic IP service                                     (1) 
    27 2.c) Static IP discovering helper                           (2) 
    28 3)   Wireless Networks helper programs 
    29 3.a) Wireless tools                            
    30 3.b) wpa_supplicant     
    31 4)   This hint with its 4 files                    
    32 5)   A working firewall 
    33 5.a) Basic firewalling capabilities                         (1)(2) 
    34 5.b) Shoreline firewall                                     (2) 
    35  
    36 (0) The Linux kernels shipped with LFS-6.1 and 6.1.1 are too old, 
    37     please consider upgrading to 2.14 or 2.16 kernels. 
    38     The Linux kernel maintainers have changed some references in 
    39     the 2.6.16 .config file, thus firewalling capabilities will be disable 
    40     when using a .config from a 2.14 kernel or older. 
    41 (1) See BLFS book 
    42 (2) Not needed but recommended 
     23- A working LFS-6.1 system or newer with wireless capabilities   
     24- Almost two networks services like ipv4-static/dhcpcd installed 
     25- wpa_supplicant and wireless drivers 
    4326  
    4427HINT: 
    4528 
    46 1) A working LFS-6.1 system or newer with wireless capabilities 
    47 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    48 1.a) The Wireless Capabilities of the Linux kernel 
    49 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    50 Configuring the kernel: 
    51  
    52 Networking  --->  
    53 [*] Networking support 
    54  <M>   Generic IEEE 802.11 Networking Stack 
    55  <M>     IEEE 802.11 WEP encryption (802.1x) 
    56  <M>     IEEE 802.11i CCMP support 
    57  <M>     IEEE 802.11i TKIP encryption     
    58 Device Drivers  ---> 
    59     Network device support  ---> 
    60         Wireless LAN (non-hamradio)  ---> 
    61         [*] Wireless LAN drivers (non-hamradio) & Wireless Extensions 
    62    << and select your driver from the list if shipped with the Linux Kernel >> 
    63 Cryptographic options  ---> 
    64  <M>   AES cipher algorithms 
    65  
    66 Now compile, install , enable your new kernel in your boot loader and restart 
    67 using it. 
    68  
    69 1.b) The Wireless Cards Drivers 
    70 If your driver wasn't shipped with the Linux Kernel then you need to install a 
    71 third party driver. 
    72  
    73 Be aware that most of those independent driver are in development stage and they 
    74 probably won't be available in tarballs but from a CVS repository or from a 
    75 subversion one. Then you will need those tools to download it, both of cvs and 
    76 svn installations are explained in the BLFS book. 
    77  
    78 Please also consider reading the "Wireless LAN resources for Linux" HOWTO for 
    79 chipsets driver name. 
    80  
    81 As an example, most Artheos cards are supported by the madwifi project: link: 
    82 http://madwifi.org/wiki without doing advertising for them this wiki is full of 
    83 information and links referring to WPA encrypted networks 
    84  
    85 2) The IP services 
    86 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    87  
    88 You should know that networks interfaces need IP addresses and also that some 
    89 networks have DHCP servers some other don't. Without explaining the benefit of 
    90 having a DHCP server, i will just say that a DHCP server provides IP to all 
    91 attached network interfaces (it also provides the IP of the gateway, the network 
    92 mask and the IP of DNS servers) 
    93  
    94 Essentials IP services installation and configuration are in the BLFS Book.  You 
    95 will size the benefit of the wpa-service when you will understand that this 
    96 service only attach your card to an wireless WPA network and when it did it, it 
    97 simply launch the desired IP service as if your system were setting up usual 
    98 network cards. 
    99  
    100 Then, you only have to know which IP service your network uses : Is it a STATIC 
    101 or a DYNAMIC network ? 
    102  
    103 2.a) Static IP service 
    104 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    105         IP service will be ipv4-static 
    106 This service is shipped with the LFS Book (6.1 and newer) 
    107  
    108 2.b) Dynamic IP service 
    109 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    110         IP service will be dhcpcd 
    111 This service is described in the BLFS Book (6.1 and newer) 
    112  
    113 2.c) Static IP discovering helper (Zeroconf like) 
    114 Use it when you really don't know what to do 
    115         IP service will be autoipd-service 
    116 This service is not yet shipped anywhere for LFS systems then i did it 
    117  
    118 2.c.1) The Howl installation 
    119 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    120 Refer you to : 
    121 link: http://www.porchdogsoft.com/products/howl/InstallUnix.html 
    122 But set the prefix to /usr 
    123  
    124 Now copy the autoipd-service to the network service directory: 
    125  
    126 cp autoipd-service /etc/sysconfig/network-devices/services 
    127 And make it executable: 
    128  
    129 chmod 755 -c /etc/sysconfig/network-devices/services/autoipd-service 
    130  
    131 3) Wireless Networks helper programs 
    132 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    133 3.a) Wireless tools 
    134 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    135 This helper is not need by the wpa-service but can be really helpful. 
    136  
    137 Then, download the latest development version of this tool named 
    138 'wireless_tools' execute the following command in its directory : 
    139  
    140 find ./ -name 'Makefile' -exec sed 's,/usr/local,/usr,g' && 
     290) Requirement and Optional tools 
     30~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
     31 
     320.a) wpa_supplicant 'The core' 
     33~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
     34This is NOT an usual step if you omit something here you won't be able to attach 
     35your device to any access point 
     36 
     37Please use the 0.4.8 version or newer and NOT the 0.4.7, available at: 
     38link: http://hostap.epitest.fi/wpa_supplicant 
     39 
     40Again, i strongly recommend you to read its README before doing anything. 
     41wpa_supplicant may need the source of your drivers then edit the .config file 
     42as described in the README and set all constants according to your system. 
     43also when ready install it by executing : 
     44 
     45find ./ -name 'Makefile' -exec sed 's,/usr/local,/usr,g' {} \ && 
    14146make && 
    14247make install 
    14348 
    144 3.b) wpa_supplicant 'The core' 
    145 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    146  
    147 This is NOT an usual step if you omit something here you won't be able to attach 
    148 your device to any access point 
    149  
    150 Please use the 0.4.8 version or newer and NOT the 0.4.7, available at: link: 
    151 http://hostap.epitest.fi/wpa_supplicant 
    152  
    153 Again, i strongly recommend you to read its README before doing anything. 
    154 wpa_supplicant may need the source of your drivers then edit the .config file as 
    155 described in the README and set all constants according to your system.  also 
    156 when ready install it by executing : 
    157  
    158 find ./ -name 'Makefile' -exec sed 's,/usr/local,/usr,g' && 
    159 make && 
     490.b) ifplugd a daemon which monitor your interface (optional) 
     50~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
     51This external program is not required but can drastically simplify our life 
     52because it won't crash wpa_supplicant 
     53information can be found here 
     54        http://0pointer.de/lennart/projects/ifplugd 
     55and ifplugd (0.28) can be downloaded from: 
     56        http://0pointer.de/lennart/projects/ifplugd/ifplugd-0.28.tar.gz 
     57 
     58installation 
     59As this package is made with the GNU autotools you should run 
     60./configure inside the distribution directory for configuring the source tree. 
     61After that you should run make for compilation 
     62and make install (as root) for installation of ifplugd. 
     63 
     64./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc 
     65make 
    16066make install 
    16167 
    162 4) This Hints 
     68The installation scripts create an init script in ${sysconfdir}/init.d/ifplugd, however no /etc/rc?.d/ links are created for it. 
     69 
     70ifplugd request two links if you intend to use it out of wpa-service: 
     71 
     72ln -nsf /etc/sysconfdir/network-devices/{ifup,ifdown} /sbin 
     73 
     741) This Hints 
    16375~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    164  
    16576wpa_supplicant is designed to be a "daemon" program that runs in the background 
    16677and acts as the back-end component controlling the wireless connection. 
    167 wpa_supplicant supports separate front-end programs and a text-based front-end 
    168 (wpa_cli) is included with wpa_supplicant. 
    169  
    170 4.1) The wpa-init file 
    171 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    172  
    173 The wpa-service will use the text-based front-end to controls the wpa_supplicant 
    174 daemon. This requires wpa_supplicant daemon running. Thus copy the wpa-init file 
    175 to the init script directory and make it executable: 
    176  
    177 cp wpa-init /etc/rc.d/init.d 
    178 chmod 755 -c /etc/rc.d/init.d/wpa-init 
    179  
    180 According to the last lfs-bootscript, link it to some run levels: 
    181  
    182 ln -sv /etc/rc.d/init.d/wpa-init /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S15wpa-init 
    183 ln -sv /etc/rc.d/init.d/wpa-init /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S15wpa-init 
    184 ln -sv /etc/rc.d/init.d/wpa-init /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K75wpa-init 
    185 ln -sv /etc/rc.d/init.d/wpa-init /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/K65wpa-init 
    186  
    187 4.2) The wpa-service file 
    188 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    189  
    190 This step is similar to the autoipd-service: 
    191  
    192 Copy the wpa-service to the network service directory: 
    193  
    194 cp wpa-service /etc/sysconfig/network-devices/services 
    195  
    196 And make it executable: 
    197  
    198 chmod 755 -c /etc/sysconfig/network-devices/services/wpa-service 
    199  
    200  
    201 4.3) Configuring the wireless interface 
    202 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    203 4.3.a) The wireless network config file wpa-service-conf 
     78wpa_supplicant supports separate front-end programs and a text-based 
     79front-end (wpa_cli) is included with wpa_supplicant. 
     80 
     811.1) Install Files and Directories 
     82 
     83  install -d /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant 
     84  install -m644 wpa_service.conf /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant 
     85 
     86  install -m755 wpa-rcscript /etc/rc.d/init.d/wpa 
     87  ln -nsf /etc/rc.d/init.d/wpa /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S15wpa 
     88  ln -nsf /etc/rc.d/init.d/wpa /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S15wpa 
     89  ln -nsf /etc/rc.d/init.d/wpa /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/K85wpa 
     90  ln -nsf /etc/rc.d/init.d/wpa /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K85wpa 
     91 
     92  install -m755 wpa_actions-script /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant/wpa_actions 
     93  install -m755 ifplugd_wrapper-script /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant/ifplugd_wrapper 
     94  install -m755 wpa-service2 /etc/sysconfig/network-devices/services 
     95 
     96  install -d /etc/sysconfig/network-devices/ifconfig.<IFACE> 
     97  install -m644 wpa-service-iface /etc/sysconfig/network-devices/ifconfig.<IFACE>/wpa-service 
     98 
     99 
     1002) Network Configuration 
     101~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
     1022.1) Choosing the network configuration method 
     103~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
     104 
     105All configurations go in the wpa-service-iface 
     106 
     107wpa-service 0.2 can be use to only set up one time or continuously manage your 
     108interface. 
     109 This is done by three functions: 
     110 - wait_for_up     --> a stupid loop waiting for the interface to be ready 
     111 - wait_for_events --> wpa_supplicant internal 'action' function (wpa-cli -a) 
     112 - if_plugd        --> an external daemon 
     113 
     114This choice is done by setting IP_FUNCTION in the wpa-service-iface file 
     115 
     116In the case of a static computer, the first function should be used 
     117wait_for_up: 
     118 (+)the advantages are : less request to the wpa_supplicant daemon 
     119                        only one daemon is running : wpa_supplicant. 
     120 (-)disadvantages      : if network change, you will lost connection 
     121 
     122wait_for_events: 
     123 (+)the advantages are : dynamic network configuration 
     124                        only one daemon is running : wpa_supplicant. 
     125 (-)disadvantages      : wpa_supplicant crashes under too much pings 
     126                        from wpa_cli , thus you will lost connection 
     127 
     128if_plugd: 
     129 (+)the advantages are : dynamic network configuration 
     130                        less request to the wpa_supplicant daemon 
     131                        more reliable and can also be use for wired interface  
     132 (-)disadvantages      : require an external daemon 
     133  
     134i encourage people to use the wait_for_events function, because errors reports 
     135will go to wpa_supplicant developers ;) 
     136 
     137but if you want a more reliable network, use the if_plugd function. 
     138  
     1392.2) Network configurations with any of the three functions: 
     140~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
     141 
     142wpa-service can set up your network according to it's SSID, this means that if 
     143the SSID "DHCP network" manage ip via a dhcp server, wpa-service will use the 
     144SSID file descriptor to set up you network when connecting to the SSID network. 
     145 
     146 Those ssid descriptors are named with the name of the SSID they describe, 
     147 and took place in the /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant directory. 
     148  
     149 the "AzErTy" SSID descriptor will be /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant/AzeRtY 
     150 
     1512.1) SSID descriptor syntax: 
     152An SSID descriptor is a regular network configuration file as used in LFS system 
     153it means that if SSID "IPV4" use ipv4-static, the the descriptor "IPV4" will be 
     154 
     155        cat > /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant/IPV4 << "EOF" 
     156        ONBOOT=yes 
     157        SERVICE=ipv4-static 
     158        IP=192.168.1.1 
     159        GATEWAY=192.168.1.2 
     160        PREFIX=24 
     161        BROADCAST=192.168.1.255 
     162        EOF 
     163 
     164or if the "DHCP" SSID use dhcp : 
     165 
     166        cat > /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant/DHCP << "EOF" 
     167        ONBOOT="yes" 
     168        SERVICE="dhcpcd" 
     169        DHCP_START="-o" 
     170        DHCP_STOP="-k -o" 
     171 
     172        # Set PRINTIP="yes" to have the script print 
     173        # the DHCP assigned IP address 
     174        PRINTIP="no" 
     175 
     176        # Set PRINTALL="yes" to print the DHCP assigned values for 
     177        # IP, SM, DG, and 1st NS. This requires PRINTIP="yes". 
     178        PRINTALL="no" 
     179        EOF 
     180 
     181for convenience, wpa_actions fall back to /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant/AUTO 
     182when no SSID descriptor is available, 
     183 
     184Then install a common/automatic network configuration: 
     185I use dhcpcd:    
     186 
     187        cat > /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant/AUTO << "EOF" 
     188        ONBOOT="yes" 
     189        SERVICE="dhcpcd" 
     190        DHCP_START="-o" 
     191        DHCP_STOP="-k -o" 
     192 
     193        # Set PRINTIP="yes" to have the script print 
     194        # the DHCP assigned IP address 
     195        PRINTIP="no" 
     196 
     197        # Set PRINTALL="yes" to print the DHCP assigned values for 
     198        # IP, SM, DG, and 1st NS. This requires PRINTIP="yes". 
     199        PRINTALL="no" 
     200        EOF 
     201 
     202 
     203 
     204 
     205 
     206 
     2073) The wpa_supplicant.conf (The network keys description)  
    204208~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    205209 
    206 According to your driver manual, you should have a specific device name for your 
    207 interface, it could be eth[X],wlan[X],ath[X],... (where [X] is a number) 
    208    
    209 Following the LFS Book, you need to create a directory in the network directory 
    210 where will be placed the wpa-service-conf, here is an example: create the 
    211 directory /etc/sysconfig/network-devices/ifconfig.wlan[X] : 
    212  
    213 install -d /etc/sysconfig/network-devices/ifconfig.wlan[X] 
    214  
    215 copy the sample config file wpa-service-conf to the upper created directory: 
    216  
    217 cp wpa-service-conf /etc/sysconfig/network-devices/ifconfig.wlan[X] 
    218  
    219 Edit this file to fit with your driver and IP service with the services names 
    220 proposed in section 2) 
    221  
    222 4.3.b) The wpa_supplicant.conf (The network description)  
    223 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    224  
    225 a) Limitations 
    226 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    227  
    228 The wpa_supplicant README and wiki explain the composition of this file.  But 
    229 wpa-service have some limitation due to strings substitution. Indeed password or 
    230 protocol list can comport space characters, which may be altered by the service 
    231 script if not correctly quoted and then mess up the wpa_cli front-end. I did'nt 
    232 yet found a script solution but if you take care to correctly quote strings 
    233 containing space characters you won't have any trouble. 
    234  
    235 b) Specific quoting 
    236 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    237 A space string MUST be quoted like that: 
    238 '"This is a string containing some space characters"' 
    239  
    240 c) File syntax 
    241 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    242  
     210The wpa_supplicant README and wiki explain the composition of this file. 
     211 
     2123.a) File syntax 
     213~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    243214The file syntax is the wpa_supplicant.conf file syntax, it is specific to the 
    244215wpa_supplicant program and only depend of the programmer choice, thus instead of 
    …… 
    259230        ssid="ssid" 
    260231        #psk="passphrase" 
    261  
    262 psk=2b1d17284c5410ee5eaae7151290e9744af2182b0eb8af20dd4ebb415928f726 
     232        psk=2b1d17284c5410ee5eaae7151290e9744af2182b0eb8af20dd4ebb415928f726 
    263233} 
    264234 
    …… 
    280250Now start the wpa_cli : 
    281251 
    282 wpa_cli -g/var/run/wpa_supplicant-global interface_add wlan[X] 
    283 "" [driver] \ 
     252wpa_cli -g/var/run/wpa_supplicant-global interface_add wlan[X] "" [driver] \ 
    284253        /var/run/wpa_supplicant 
    285254 
    …… 
    310279 
    311280 
    312 root@bliscat:/home/eloi# wpa_cli -iath0 -p/var/run/wpa_supplicant 
     281root at bliscat:/home/eloi# wpa_cli -iath0 -p/var/run/wpa_supplicant 
    313282wpa_cli v0.4.8 
    314 Copyright (c) 2004-2005, Jouni Malinen <jkmaline@cc.hut.fi> and 
     283Copyright (c) 2004-2005, Jouni Malinen <jkmaline at cc.hut.fi> and 
    315284contributors 
    316285 
    …… 
    334303 
    335304 
    336 you can see that my network 'My_net' use WPA2-PSK-CCMP which is WPA-PSK with 
    337 CCMP as group and pairwise 
     305you can see that my network 'My_net' use WPA2-PSK-CCMP which is WPA-PSK 
     306with CCMP as group and pairwise 
    338307 
    339308type exit to quit wpa_cli 
    …… 
    344313network={ 
    345314        ssid="ssid" 
    346         ssid='essid' # please quote '""' when you have a space character 
    347         scan_ssid=1 
    348315        key_mgmt=WPA-PSK 
    349316        proto=WPA2 
    350317        pairwise=CCMP 
    351318        group=CCMP 
    352         #psk='"passphrase"' 
    353  
    354 psk=2b1d17284c5410ee5eaae7151290e9744af2182b0eb8af20dd4ebb415928f726 
    355 character 
     319        #psk="passphrase" 
     320        psk=2b1d17284c5410ee5eaae7151290e9744af2182b0eb8af20dd4ebb415928f726 
    356321} 
    357322 
    358323 
    359 Note if you wish you can only use the human readable pass-phrase, then uncomment 
    360 it and comment the hexadecimal pass-phrase 
    361  
    362 Now kill the last instance of the wpa_supplicant: 
     324Note if you wish you can only use the human readable pass-phrase, 
     325then comment it out and comment the hexadecimal pass-phrase 
     326 
     327Now kill the last instance of the wpa_supplicant daemon : 
    363328 
    364329killall wpa_supplicant 
    …… 
    366331And test your new configuration file: 
    367332 
     333wpa_supplicant -d[driver] -iwlan[X] -c[configfile] -dd 
     334 
     335example: 
    368336wpa_supplicant -dmadwifi -iath0 -c./wpa_supplicant.conf -dd 
    369337 
    …… 
    376344chmod 600 -c /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf 
    377345 
    378 5) The firewall 
    379 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
    380  
    381 You should understand that connecting to a network is never secure (even with a 
    382 WPA encrypted network) especially without firewall. Then having a firewall will 
    383 ever be a good thing, i strongly recommend the use of Shorewall.  You will find 
    384 lots of help on its website. 
    385  
    386346 
    3873476) The End 
    …… 
    389349execute: 
    390350 
    391 /etc/rc.d./init.d/wpa-init restart 
    392 /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart 
     351/etc/rc.d/init.d/network stop 
     352/etc/rc.d./init.d/wpa restart 
     353/etc/rc.d/init.d/network start 
    393354 
    394355if there is no errors, and your system is connected, then you can safely restart 
    395 your computer to see it setting up your wireless card at boot time. 
     356your computer to see it setting up your wireless card during boot time. 
    396357 
    397358ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: 
    …… 
    4073682006 03 16 added some words to help wpa-supplicant.conf writing 
    4083692006 03 18 fix wrong paths 
    409 2006 03 31 Rewritten and try to match the LFS-standard thank's to 
    410 archaic's help 
    411  
     3702006 03 31 Rewritten and try to match the LFS-standard thank's to archaic's help 
     3712006 04 01 fix incomplete find commands 
     3722006 10 15 wpa-service 0.2 
     373