source: chapter08/coreutils.xml@ 6dfdf03

multilib trunk xry111/arm64 xry111/loongarch
Last change on this file since 6dfdf03 was 6dfdf03, checked in by Xi Ruoyao <xry111@…>, 5 weeks ago

coreutils: Add -k for make check

Two tests are known to fail, so without -k a part of the test suite is
not executed.
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 44.1 KB
Line 
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains the basic utility programs
27 needed by every operating system.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-fin-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-fin-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43
44 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
45 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
46 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para>
47
48<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
49
50 <note>
51 <para>Many bugs have been found in this patch. When reporting new
52 bugs to the Coreutils maintainers, please check first to see if
53 those bugs are reproducible without this patch.</para>
54 </note>
55
56 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
57
58<screen><userinput remap="configure">autoreconf -fiv
59FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
60 --prefix=/usr \
61 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
62
63 <variablelist>
64 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
65
66 <varlistentry>
67 <term><command>autoreconf</command></term>
68 <listitem>
69 <para>The patch for internationalization has modified the
70 build system, so the configuration files must
71 be regenerated.</para>
72 </listitem>
73 </varlistentry>
74
75 <varlistentry>
76 <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
77 <listitem>
78 <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
79 built by the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user.
80 </para>
81 </listitem>
82 </varlistentry>
83
84 <varlistentry>
85 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
86 <listitem>
87 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
88 installing programs that will be installed by other packages.
89 </para>
90 </listitem>
91 </varlistentry>
92 </variablelist>
93
94 <para>Compile the package:</para>
95
96<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
97
98 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
99 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
100
101 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
102 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
103
104<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=tester check-root</userinput></screen>
105
106 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
107 <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> user. Certain tests
108 require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
109 these tests are not skipped, add a temporary group and make the
110 user <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
111
112<screen><userinput remap="test">groupadd -g 102 dummy -U tester</userinput></screen>
113
114 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-&root; user can
115 compile and run the tests:</para>
116
117<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -R tester . </userinput></screen>
118
119 <!-- To editors: in jhalfs the standard input is always piped to "make"
120 so the test failures are not reproducible in jhalfs even if
121 running the build in a PTY. Don't use jhalfs to test if we can
122 remove < /dev/null. -->
123 <para>Now run the tests (using <filename>/dev/null</filename> for the
124 standard input, or two tests may be broken if building LFS in a
125 graphical terminal or a session in SSH or GNU Screen etc. because the
126 standard input is connected to a PTY from host distro, and the device
127 node for such a PTY cannot be accessed from the LFS chroot
128 environment):</para>
129
130<screen><userinput remap="test">su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make -k RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check" \
131 &lt; /dev/null</userinput></screen>
132
133 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
134
135<screen><userinput remap="test">groupdel dummy</userinput></screen>
136
137 <para>
138 Two tests, <filename>tests/cp/preserve-mode.sh</filename> and
139 <filename>tests/mv/acl.sh</filename>, are known to
140 fail in the chroot environment, but pass in a complete system.
141 </para>
142
143 <para>Install the package:</para>
144
145<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
146
147 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
148
149<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
150mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
151sed -i 's/"1"/"8"/' /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
152
153 </sect2>
154
155 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
156 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
157
158 <segmentedlist>
159 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
160 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
161 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
162
163 <seglistitem>
164 <seg>[, b2sum, base32, base64, basename, basenc, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown,
165 chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
166 dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups,
167 head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir,
168 mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste,
169 pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm,
170 rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum,
171 sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum,
172 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort,
173 tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and
174 yes</seg>
175 <seg>libstdbuf.so (in /usr/libexec/coreutils)</seg>
176 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
177 </seglistitem>
178 </segmentedlist>
179
180 <variablelist>
181 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
182 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
183 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
184
185 <varlistentry id="lbracket">
186 <term><command>[</command></term>
187 <listitem>
188 <para>Is an actual command, /usr/bin/[; it is a synonym
189 for the <command>test</command> command</para>
190 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils lbracket">
191 <primary sortas="b-111">[</primary>
192 </indexterm>
193 </listitem>
194 </varlistentry>
195
196 <varlistentry id="base32">
197 <term><command>base32</command></term>
198 <listitem>
199 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base32 specification
200 (RFC 4648)</para>
201 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
202 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
203 </indexterm>
204 </listitem>
205 </varlistentry>
206
207 <varlistentry id="base64">
208 <term><command>base64</command></term>
209 <listitem>
210 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 specification
211 (RFC 4648)</para>
212 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
213 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
214 </indexterm>
215 </listitem>
216 </varlistentry>
217
218 <varlistentry id="b2sum">
219 <term><command>b2sum</command></term>
220 <listitem>
221 <para>Prints or checks BLAKE2 (512-bit) checksums</para>
222 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils b2sum">
223 <primary sortas="b-b2sum">b2sum</primary>
224 </indexterm>
225 </listitem>
226 </varlistentry>
227
228 <varlistentry id="basename">
229 <term><command>basename</command></term>
230 <listitem>
231 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
232 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
233 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
234 </indexterm>
235 </listitem>
236 </varlistentry>
237
238 <varlistentry id="basenc">
239 <term><command>basenc</command></term>
240 <listitem>
241 <para>Encodes or decodes data using various algorithms</para>
242 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basenc">
243 <primary sortas="b-basenc">basenc</primary>
244 </indexterm>
245 </listitem>
246 </varlistentry>
247
248 <varlistentry id="cat">
249 <term><command>cat</command></term>
250 <listitem>
251 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
252 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
253 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
254 </indexterm>
255 </listitem>
256 </varlistentry>
257
258 <varlistentry id="chcon">
259 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
260 <listitem>
261 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
262 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
263 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
264 </indexterm>
265 </listitem>
266 </varlistentry>
267
268 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
269 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
270 <listitem>
271 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
272 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
273 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
274 </indexterm>
275 </listitem>
276 </varlistentry>
277
278 <varlistentry id="chmod">
279 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
280 <listitem>
281 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
282 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to be made, or an
283 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
284 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
285 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
286 </indexterm>
287 </listitem>
288 </varlistentry>
289
290 <varlistentry id="chown">
291 <term><command>chown</command></term>
292 <listitem>
293 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
294 directories</para>
295 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
296 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
297 </indexterm>
298 </listitem>
299 </varlistentry>
300
301 <varlistentry id="chroot">
302 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
303 <listitem>
304 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
305 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
306 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
307 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
308 </indexterm>
309 </listitem>
310 </varlistentry>
311
312 <varlistentry id="cksum">
313 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
314 <listitem>
315 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
316 counts of each specified file</para>
317 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
318 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
319 </indexterm>
320 </listitem>
321 </varlistentry>
322
323 <varlistentry id="comm">
324 <term><command>comm</command></term>
325 <listitem>
326 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
327 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
328 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
329 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
330 </indexterm>
331 </listitem>
332 </varlistentry>
333
334 <varlistentry id="cp">
335 <term><command>cp</command></term>
336 <listitem>
337 <para>Copies files</para>
338 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
339 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
340 </indexterm>
341 </listitem>
342 </varlistentry>
343
344 <varlistentry id="csplit">
345 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
346 <listitem>
347 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
348 according to given patterns or line numbers, and outputting the byte
349 count of each new file</para>
350 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
351 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
352 </indexterm>
353 </listitem>
354 </varlistentry>
355
356 <varlistentry id="cut">
357 <term><command>cut</command></term>
358 <listitem>
359 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
360 fields or positions</para>
361 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
362 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
363 </indexterm>
364 </listitem>
365 </varlistentry>
366
367 <varlistentry id="date">
368 <term><command>date</command></term>
369 <listitem>
370 <para>Displays the current date and time in the given format, or sets the
371 system date and time</para>
372 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
373 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
374 </indexterm>
375 </listitem>
376 </varlistentry>
377
378 <varlistentry id="dd">
379 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
380 <listitem>
381 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
382 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
383 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
384 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
385 </indexterm>
386 </listitem>
387 </varlistentry>
388
389 <varlistentry id="df">
390 <term><command>df</command></term>
391 <listitem>
392 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
393 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
394 files</para>
395 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
396 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
397 </indexterm>
398 </listitem>
399 </varlistentry>
400
401 <varlistentry id="dir">
402 <term><command>dir</command></term>
403 <listitem>
404 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
405 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
406 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
407 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
408 </indexterm>
409 </listitem>
410 </varlistentry>
411
412 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
413 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
414 <listitem>
415 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
416 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
417 <command>ls</command></para>
418 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
419 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
420 </indexterm>
421 </listitem>
422 </varlistentry>
423
424 <varlistentry id="dirname">
425 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
426 <listitem>
427 <para>Extracts the directory portion(s) of the given name(s)</para>
428 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
429 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
430 </indexterm>
431 </listitem>
432 </varlistentry>
433
434 <varlistentry id="du">
435 <term><command>du</command></term>
436 <listitem>
437 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
438 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
439 each of the given files</para>
440 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
441 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
442 </indexterm>
443 </listitem>
444 </varlistentry>
445
446 <varlistentry id="echo">
447 <term><command>echo</command></term>
448 <listitem>
449 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
450 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
451 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
452 </indexterm>
453 </listitem>
454 </varlistentry>
455
456 <varlistentry id="env">
457 <term><command>env</command></term>
458 <listitem>
459 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
460 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
461 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
462 </indexterm>
463 </listitem>
464 </varlistentry>
465
466 <varlistentry id="expand">
467 <term><command>expand</command></term>
468 <listitem>
469 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
470 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
471 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
472 </indexterm>
473 </listitem>
474 </varlistentry>
475
476 <varlistentry id="expr">
477 <term><command>expr</command></term>
478 <listitem>
479 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
480 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
481 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
482 </indexterm>
483 </listitem>
484 </varlistentry>
485
486 <varlistentry id="factor">
487 <term><command>factor</command></term>
488 <listitem>
489 <para>Prints the prime factors of the specified integers</para>
490 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
491 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
492 </indexterm>
493 </listitem>
494 </varlistentry>
495
496 <varlistentry id="false">
497 <term><command>false</command></term>
498 <listitem>
499 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
500 indicating failure</para>
501 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
502 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
503 </indexterm>
504 </listitem>
505 </varlistentry>
506
507 <varlistentry id="fmt">
508 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
509 <listitem>
510 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
511 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
512 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
513 </indexterm>
514 </listitem>
515 </varlistentry>
516
517 <varlistentry id="fold">
518 <term><command>fold</command></term>
519 <listitem>
520 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
521 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
522 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
523 </indexterm>
524 </listitem>
525 </varlistentry>
526
527 <varlistentry id="groups">
528 <term><command>groups</command></term>
529 <listitem>
530 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
531 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
532 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
533 </indexterm>
534 </listitem>
535 </varlistentry>
536
537 <varlistentry id="head">
538 <term><command>head</command></term>
539 <listitem>
540 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
541 of each given file</para>
542 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
543 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
544 </indexterm>
545 </listitem>
546 </varlistentry>
547
548 <varlistentry id="hostid">
549 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
550 <listitem>
551 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
552 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
553 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
554 </indexterm>
555 </listitem>
556 </varlistentry>
557
558 <varlistentry id="id">
559 <term><command>id</command></term>
560 <listitem>
561 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
562 of the current user or specified user</para>
563 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
564 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
565 </indexterm>
566 </listitem>
567 </varlistentry>
568
569 <varlistentry id="install">
570 <term><command>install</command> </term>
571 <listitem>
572 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
573 possible, their owner and group</para>
574 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
575 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
576 </indexterm>
577 </listitem>
578 </varlistentry>
579
580 <varlistentry id="join">
581 <term><command>join</command></term>
582 <listitem>
583 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
584 separate files</para>
585 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
586 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
587 </indexterm>
588 </listitem>
589 </varlistentry>
590
591 <varlistentry id="link">
592 <term><command>link</command></term>
593 <listitem>
594 <para>Creates a hard link (with the given name) to a file</para>
595 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
596 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
597 </indexterm>
598 </listitem>
599 </varlistentry>
600
601 <varlistentry id="ln">
602 <term><command>ln</command></term>
603 <listitem>
604 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
605 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
606 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
607 </indexterm>
608 </listitem>
609 </varlistentry>
610
611 <varlistentry id="logname">
612 <term><command>logname</command></term>
613 <listitem>
614 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
615 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
616 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
617 </indexterm>
618 </listitem>
619 </varlistentry>
620
621 <varlistentry id="ls">
622 <term><command>ls</command></term>
623 <listitem>
624 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
625 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
626 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
627 </indexterm>
628 </listitem>
629 </varlistentry>
630
631 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
632 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
633 <listitem>
634 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
635 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
636 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
637 </indexterm>
638 </listitem>
639 </varlistentry>
640
641 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
642 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
643 <listitem>
644 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
645 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
646 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
647 </indexterm>
648 </listitem>
649 </varlistentry>
650
651 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
652 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
653 <listitem>
654 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), "named
655 pipes" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
656 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
657 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
658 </indexterm>
659 </listitem>
660 </varlistentry>
661
662 <varlistentry id="mknod">
663 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
664 <listitem>
665 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
666 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
667 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
668 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
669 </indexterm>
670 </listitem>
671 </varlistentry>
672
673 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
674 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
675 <listitem>
676 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
677 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
678 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
679 </indexterm>
680 </listitem>
681 </varlistentry>
682
683 <varlistentry id="mv">
684 <term><command>mv</command></term>
685 <listitem>
686 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
687 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
688 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
689 </indexterm>
690 </listitem>
691 </varlistentry>
692
693 <varlistentry id="nice">
694 <term><command>nice</command></term>
695 <listitem>
696 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
697 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
698 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
699 </indexterm>
700 </listitem>
701 </varlistentry>
702
703 <varlistentry id="nl">
704 <term><command>nl</command></term>
705 <listitem>
706 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
707 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
708 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
709 </indexterm>
710 </listitem>
711 </varlistentry>
712
713 <varlistentry id="nohup">
714 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
715 <listitem>
716 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
717 a log file</para>
718 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
719 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
720 </indexterm>
721 </listitem>
722 </varlistentry>
723
724 <varlistentry id="nproc">
725 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
726 <listitem>
727 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
728 process</para>
729 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
730 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
731 </indexterm>
732 </listitem>
733 </varlistentry>
734
735 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
736 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
737 <listitem>
738 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
739 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
740 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
741 </indexterm>
742 </listitem>
743 </varlistentry>
744
745 <varlistentry id="od">
746 <term><command>od</command></term>
747 <listitem>
748 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
749 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
750 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
751 </indexterm>
752 </listitem>
753 </varlistentry>
754
755 <varlistentry id="paste">
756 <term><command>paste</command></term>
757 <listitem>
758 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
759 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
760 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
761 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
762 </indexterm>
763 </listitem>
764 </varlistentry>
765
766 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
767 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
768 <listitem>
769 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
770 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
771 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
772 </indexterm>
773 </listitem>
774 </varlistentry>
775
776 <varlistentry id="pinky">
777 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
778 <listitem>
779 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
780 about the given users</para>
781 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
782 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
783 </indexterm>
784 </listitem>
785 </varlistentry>
786
787 <varlistentry id="pr">
788 <term><command>pr</command></term>
789 <listitem>
790 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
791 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
792 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
793 </indexterm>
794 </listitem>
795 </varlistentry>
796
797 <varlistentry id="printenv">
798 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
799 <listitem>
800 <para>Prints the environment</para>
801 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
802 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
803 </indexterm>
804 </listitem>
805 </varlistentry>
806
807 <varlistentry id="printf">
808 <term><command>printf</command></term>
809 <listitem>
810 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
811 like the C printf function</para>
812 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
813 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
814 </indexterm>
815 </listitem>
816 </varlistentry>
817
818 <varlistentry id="ptx">
819 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
820 <listitem>
821 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
822 with each keyword in its context</para>
823 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
824 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
825 </indexterm>
826 </listitem>
827 </varlistentry>
828
829 <varlistentry id="pwd">
830 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
831 <listitem>
832 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
833 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
834 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
835 </indexterm>
836 </listitem>
837 </varlistentry>
838
839 <varlistentry id="readlink">
840 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
841 <listitem>
842 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
843 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
844 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
845 </indexterm>
846 </listitem>
847 </varlistentry>
848
849 <varlistentry id="realpath">
850 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
851 <listitem>
852 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
853 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
854 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
855 </indexterm>
856 </listitem>
857 </varlistentry>
858
859 <varlistentry id="rm">
860 <term><command>rm</command></term>
861 <listitem>
862 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
863 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
864 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
865 </indexterm>
866 </listitem>
867 </varlistentry>
868
869 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
870 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
871 <listitem>
872 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
873 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
874 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
875 </indexterm>
876 </listitem>
877 </varlistentry>
878
879 <varlistentry id="runcon">
880 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
881 <listitem>
882 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
883 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
884 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
885 </indexterm>
886 </listitem>
887 </varlistentry>
888
889 <varlistentry id="seq">
890 <term><command>seq</command></term>
891 <listitem>
892 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
893 given increment</para>
894 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
895 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
896 </indexterm>
897 </listitem>
898 </varlistentry>
899
900 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
901 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
902 <listitem>
903 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
904 checksums</para>
905 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
906 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
907 </indexterm>
908 </listitem>
909 </varlistentry>
910
911 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
912 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
913 <listitem>
914 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
915 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
916 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
917 </indexterm>
918 </listitem>
919 </varlistentry>
920
921 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
922 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
923 <listitem>
924 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
925 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
926 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
927 </indexterm>
928 </listitem>
929 </varlistentry>
930
931 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
932 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
933 <listitem>
934 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
935 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
936 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
937 </indexterm>
938 </listitem>
939 </varlistentry>
940
941 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
942 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
943 <listitem>
944 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
945 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
946 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
947 </indexterm>
948 </listitem>
949 </varlistentry>
950
951 <varlistentry id="shred">
952 <term><command>shred</command></term>
953 <listitem>
954 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
955 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
956 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
957 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
958 </indexterm>
959 </listitem>
960 </varlistentry>
961
962 <varlistentry id="shuf">
963 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
964 <listitem>
965 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
966 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
967 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
968 </indexterm>
969 </listitem>
970 </varlistentry>
971
972 <varlistentry id="sleep">
973 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
974 <listitem>
975 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
976 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
977 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
978 </indexterm>
979 </listitem>
980 </varlistentry>
981
982 <varlistentry id="sort">
983 <term><command>sort</command></term>
984 <listitem>
985 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
986 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
987 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
988 </indexterm>
989 </listitem>
990 </varlistentry>
991
992 <varlistentry id="split">
993 <term><command>split</command></term>
994 <listitem>
995 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
996 lines</para>
997 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
998 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
999 </indexterm>
1000 </listitem>
1001 </varlistentry>
1002
1003 <varlistentry id="stat">
1004 <term><command>stat</command></term>
1005 <listitem>
1006 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
1007 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
1008 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
1009 </indexterm>
1010 </listitem>
1011 </varlistentry>
1012
1013 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
1014 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
1015 <listitem>
1016 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
1017 streams</para>
1018 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
1019 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
1020 </indexterm>
1021 </listitem>
1022 </varlistentry>
1023
1024 <varlistentry id="stty">
1025 <term><command>stty</command></term>
1026 <listitem>
1027 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
1028 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
1029 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
1030 </indexterm>
1031 </listitem>
1032 </varlistentry>
1033
1034 <varlistentry id="sum">
1035 <term><command>sum</command></term>
1036 <listitem>
1037 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
1038 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
1039 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
1040 </indexterm>
1041 </listitem>
1042 </varlistentry>
1043
1044 <varlistentry id="sync">
1045 <term><command>sync</command></term>
1046 <listitem>
1047 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
1048 and updates the super block</para>
1049 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1050 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1051 </indexterm>
1052 </listitem>
1053 </varlistentry>
1054
1055 <varlistentry id="tac">
1056 <term><command>tac</command></term>
1057 <listitem>
1058 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1059 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1060 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1061 </indexterm>
1062 </listitem>
1063 </varlistentry>
1064
1065 <varlistentry id="tail">
1066 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1067 <listitem>
1068 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1069 given file</para>
1070 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1071 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1072 </indexterm>
1073 </listitem>
1074 </varlistentry>
1075
1076 <varlistentry id="tee">
1077 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1078 <listitem>
1079 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1080 and to the given files</para>
1081 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1082 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1083 </indexterm>
1084 </listitem>
1085 </varlistentry>
1086
1087 <varlistentry id="test">
1088 <term><command>test</command></term>
1089 <listitem>
1090 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1091 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1092 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1093 </indexterm>
1094 </listitem>
1095 </varlistentry>
1096
1097 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1098 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1099 <listitem>
1100 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1101 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1102 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1103 </indexterm>
1104 </listitem>
1105 </varlistentry>
1106
1107 <varlistentry id="touch">
1108 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1109 <listitem>
1110 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1111 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1112 are created with zero length</para>
1113 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1114 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1115 </indexterm>
1116 </listitem>
1117 </varlistentry>
1118
1119 <varlistentry id="tr">
1120 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1121 <listitem>
1122 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1123 standard input</para>
1124 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1125 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1126 </indexterm>
1127 </listitem>
1128 </varlistentry>
1129
1130 <varlistentry id="true">
1131 <term><command>true</command></term>
1132 <listitem>
1133 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1134 indicating success</para>
1135 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1136 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1137 </indexterm>
1138 </listitem>
1139 </varlistentry>
1140
1141 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1142 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1143 <listitem>
1144 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1145 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1146 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1147 </indexterm>
1148 </listitem>
1149 </varlistentry>
1150
1151 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1152 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1153 <listitem>
1154 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1155 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1156 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1157 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1158 </indexterm>
1159 </listitem>
1160 </varlistentry>
1161
1162 <varlistentry id="tty">
1163 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1164 <listitem>
1165 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1166 input</para>
1167 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1168 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1169 </indexterm>
1170 </listitem>
1171 </varlistentry>
1172
1173 <varlistentry id="uname">
1174 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1175 <listitem>
1176 <para>Reports system information</para>
1177 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1178 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1179 </indexterm>
1180 </listitem>
1181 </varlistentry>
1182
1183 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1184 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1185 <listitem>
1186 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1187 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1188 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1189 </indexterm>
1190 </listitem>
1191 </varlistentry>
1192
1193 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1194 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1195 <listitem>
1196 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1197 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1198 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1199 </indexterm>
1200 </listitem>
1201 </varlistentry>
1202
1203 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1204 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1205 <listitem>
1206 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1207 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1208 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1209 </indexterm>
1210 </listitem>
1211 </varlistentry>
1212
1213 <varlistentry id="users">
1214 <term><command>users</command></term>
1215 <listitem>
1216 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1217 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1218 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1219 </indexterm>
1220 </listitem>
1221 </varlistentry>
1222
1223 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1224 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1225 <listitem>
1226 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1227 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1228 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1229 </indexterm>
1230 </listitem>
1231 </varlistentry>
1232
1233 <varlistentry id="wc">
1234 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1235 <listitem>
1236 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1237 file, as well as grand totals when more than one file is given</para>
1238 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1239 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1240 </indexterm>
1241 </listitem>
1242 </varlistentry>
1243
1244 <varlistentry id="who">
1245 <term><command>who</command></term>
1246 <listitem>
1247 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1248 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1249 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1250 </indexterm>
1251 </listitem>
1252 </varlistentry>
1253
1254 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1255 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1256 <listitem>
1257 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1258 user ID</para>
1259 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1260 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1261 </indexterm>
1262 </listitem>
1263 </varlistentry>
1264
1265 <varlistentry id="yes">
1266 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1267 <listitem>
1268 <para>Repeatedly outputs <literal>y</literal> or a given string,
1269 until killed</para>
1270 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1271 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1272 </indexterm>
1273 </listitem>
1274 </varlistentry>
1275
1276 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1277 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1278 <listitem>
1279 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1280 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1281 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1282 </indexterm>
1283 </listitem>
1284 </varlistentry>
1285
1286 </variablelist>
1287
1288 </sect2>
1289
1290</sect1>
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