Changeset 53ad30a


Ignore:
Timestamp:
09/22/2001 04:09:47 PM (23 years ago)
Author:
Mark Hymers <markh@…>
Branches:
10.0, 10.0-rc1, 10.1, 10.1-rc1, 11.0, 11.0-rc1, 11.0-rc2, 11.0-rc3, 11.1, 11.1-rc1, 11.2, 11.2-rc1, 11.3, 11.3-rc1, 12.0, 12.0-rc1, 12.1, 12.1-rc1, 6.0, 6.1, 6.1.1, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.5-systemd, 7.6, 7.6-systemd, 7.7, 7.7-systemd, 7.8, 7.8-systemd, 7.9, 7.9-systemd, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, arm, bdubbs/gcc13, ml-11.0, multilib, renodr/libudev-from-systemd, s6-init, trunk, v3_1, v3_2, v3_3, v4_0, v4_1, v5_0, v5_1, v5_1_1, xry111/arm64, xry111/arm64-12.0, xry111/clfs-ng, xry111/lfs-next, xry111/loongarch, xry111/loongarch-12.0, xry111/loongarch-12.1, xry111/mips64el, xry111/pip3, xry111/rust-wip-20221008, xry111/update-glibc
Children:
6fb47f4
Parents:
eb33fb1
Message:

[Bug 190] Put descs in alphabetical order

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@1249 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689

Files:
35 edited

Legend:

Unmodified
Added
Removed

  • appendixa/autoconf-desc.xml

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    1010
    1111<sect3><title>autoconf</title>
    12 
    1312<para>Autoconf is a tool for producing shell scripts that automatically
    1413configure software source code packages to adapt to many kinds of
    1514UNIX-like systems.  The configuration scripts produced by Autoconf are
    1615independent of Autoconf when they are run, so their users do not need to
    17 have Autoconf.</para>
    18 
    19 </sect3>
     16have Autoconf.</para></sect3>
    2017
    2118<sect3><title>autoheader</title>
    22 
    2319<para>The autoheader program can create a template file of C #define
    24 statements for configure to use</para>
    25 
    26 </sect3>
     20statements for configure to use</para></sect3>
    2721
    2822<sect3><title>autoreconf</title>
    29 
    3023<para>If there are a lot of Autoconf-generated configure scripts, the
    3124autoreconf program can save some work.  It runs autoconf (and
    3225autoheader, where appropriate) repeatedly to remake the Autoconf
    3326configure scripts and configuration header templates in the directory
    34 tree rooted at the current directory.</para>
    35 
    36 </sect3>
     27tree rooted at the current directory.</para></sect3>
    3728
    3829<sect3><title>autoscan</title>
    39 
    4030<para>The autoscan program can help to create a configure.in file for
    4131a software package. autoscan examines source files in the directory
    … …  
    4333current directory if none is given.  It searches the source files for
    4434common portability problems and creates a file configure.scan which
    45 is a preliminary configure.in for that package.</para>
    46 
    47 </sect3>
     35is a preliminary configure.in for that package.</para></sect3>
    4836
    4937<sect3><title>autoupdate</title>
    50 
    5138<para>The autoupdate program updates a configure.in file that calls
    52 Autoconf macros by their old names to use the current macro names.</para>
    53 
    54 </sect3>
     39Autoconf macros by their old names to use the current
     40macro names.</para></sect3>
    5541
    5642<sect3><title>ifnames</title>
    57 
    5843<para>ifnames can help when writing a configure.in for a software
    5944package. It prints the identifiers that the package already uses in C
    … …  
    6146have some portability, this program can help to figure out what its
    6247configure needs to check for. It may help fill in some gaps in a
    63 configure.in generated by autoscan.</para>
    64 
    65 </sect3>
     48configure.in generated by autoscan.</para></sect3>
    6649
    6750</sect2>

  • appendixa/automake-desc.xml

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    99
    1010<sect3><title>aclocal</title>
    11 
    1211<para>Automake includes a number of Autoconf macros which can be used in
    1312packages; some of them are actually required by Automake in certain
    … …  
    1817based on the contents of configure.in.  This provides a convenient
    1918way to get Automake-provided macros, without having to search around.
    20 Also, the aclocal mechanism is extensible for use by other packages.</para>
    21 
    22 </sect3>
     19Also, the aclocal mechanism is extensible for use
     20by other packages.</para></sect3>
    2321
    2422<sect3><title>automake</title>
    25 
    2623<para>To create all the Makefile.in's for a package, run the automake
    2724program in the top level directory, with no arguments.  automake will
    2825automatically find each appropriate Makefile.am (by scanning
    29 configure.in) and generate the corresponding Makefile.in.</para>
    30 
    31 </sect3>
     26configure.in) and generate the corresponding Makefile.in.</para></sect3>
    3227
    3328</sect2>

  • appendixa/bin86-desc.xml

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    1010
    1111<sect3><title>as86</title>
    12 
    13 <para>as86 is an assembler for the 8086...80386 processors.</para>
    14 
    15 </sect3>
     12<para>as86 is an assembler for the 8086...80386 processors.</para></sect3>
    1613
    1714<sect3><title>as86_encap</title>
    18 
    1915<para>as86_encap is a shell script to call as86 and convert the created binary
    2016into a C file prog.v to be included in or linked with programs like boot
    21 block installers.</para>
    22 
    23 </sect3>
     17block installers.</para></sect3>
    2418
    2519<sect3><title>ld86</title>
    26 
    2720<para>ld86 understands only the object files produced by the as86 assembler, it
    28 can link them into either an impure or a separate I&amp;D executable.</para>
    29 
    30 </sect3>
     21can link them into either an impure or a
     22separate I&amp;D executable.</para></sect3>
    3123
    3224<sect3><title>objdump86</title>
    33 
    34 <para>No description available.</para>
    35 
    36 </sect3>
     25<para>No description available.</para></sect3>
    3726
    3827<sect3><title>nm86</title>
    39 
    40 <para>No description available.</para>
    41 
    42 </sect3>
     28<para>No description available.</para></sect3>
    4329
    4430<sect3><title>size86</title>
    45 
    46 <para>No description available.</para>
    47 
    48 </sect3>
     31<para>No description available.</para></sect3>
    4932
    5033</sect2>

  • appendixa/binutils-desc.xml

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    22<title>Contents</title>
    33
    4 <para>The Binutils package contains the gasp, gprof, ld, as, ar, nm, objcopy,
    5 objdump, ranlib, readelf,  size, strings, strip, c++filt and addr2line
     4<para>The Binutils package contains the addr2line, as, ar, c++filt, gasp,
     5gprof, ld, nm, objcopy, objdump, ranlib, readelf, size, strings and strip
    66programs</para>
    77
    … …  
    1010<sect2><title>Description</title>
    1111
    12 <sect3><title>gasp</title>
    13 
    14 <para>Gasp is the Assembler Macro Preprocessor.</para>
    15 
    16 </sect3>
    17 
    18 <sect3><title>gprof</title>
    19 
    20 <para>gprof displays call graph profile data.</para>
    21 
    22 </sect3>
    23 
    24 <sect3><title>ld</title>
    25 
    26 <para>ld combines a number of object and archive files,  relocates  their data
    27 and ties up symbol references. Often the last step in building a new compiled
    28 program to run is a call to ld.</para>
    29 
    30 </sect3>
     12<sect3><title>addr2line</title>
     13<para>addr2line translates program addresses into file names and line numbers.
     14Given an address and an executable, it uses the  debugging information in
     15the executable to figure out which file name and line number are associated
     16with a given address.</para></sect3>
    3117
    3218<sect3><title>as</title>
    33 
    3419<para>as is primarily intended to assemble the output of the GNU C compiler gcc
    35 for use by the linker ld.</para>
    36 
    37 </sect3>
     20for use by the linker ld.</para></sect3>
    3821
    3922<sect3><title>ar</title>
    40 
    4123<para>The ar program creates, modifies, and extracts from archives. An archive
    4224is a single file holding a collection of other files in a structure that makes
    4325it  possible to retrieve the original individual files (called members of
    44 the archive).</para>
     26the archive).</para></sect3>
    4527
    46 </sect3>
     28<sect3><title>c++filt</title>
     29<para>The C++ language provides function overloading, which means that it is
     30possible to
     31write many functions with the same name (providing each takes parameters
     32of different types).  All C++ function names are encoded into a low-level
     33assembly label (this process is known as mangling). The c++filt program
     34does the inverse mapping: it decodes (demangles) low-level names into
     35user-level names so that the linker can keep these overloaded functions
     36from clashing.</para></sect3>
     37
     38<sect3><title>gasp</title>
     39<para>Gasp is the Assembler Macro Preprocessor.</para></sect3>
     40
     41<sect3><title>gprof</title>
     42<para>gprof displays call graph profile data.</para></sect3>
     43
     44<sect3><title>ld</title>
     45<para>ld combines a number of object and archive files,  relocates  their data
     46and ties up symbol references. Often the last step in building a new compiled
     47program to run is a call to ld.</para></sect3>
    4748
    4849<sect3><title>nm</title>
    49 
    50 <para>nm lists the symbols from object files.</para>
    51 
    52 </sect3>
     50<para>nm lists the symbols from object files.</para></sect3>
    5351
    5452<sect3><title>objcopy</title>
    55 
    5653<para>objcopy utility copies the contents of an object file to another. objcopy
    5754uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the object files. It can write
    5855the destination object file in a format different from that of the source
    59 object file.</para>
    60 
    61 </sect3>
     56object file.</para></sect3>
    6257
    6358<sect3><title>objdump</title>
    64 
    6559<para>objdump displays information about one or more object files. The options
    6660control what particular information to display. This information is mostly
    6761useful to programmers who are working on the compilation tools, as opposed to
    68 programmers who just want their program to compile and work.</para>
    69 
    70 </sect3>
     62programmers who just want their program to compile and work.</para></sect3>
    7163
    7264<sect3><title>ranlib</title>
    73 
    7465<para>ranlib generates an index to the contents of an archive, and stores it in
    7566the archive.  The index lists each symbol defined by a member of an archive
    76 that is a relocatable object file.</para>
    77 
    78 </sect3>
     67that is a relocatable object file.</para></sect3>
    7968
    8069<sect3><title>readelf</title>
    81 
    82 <para>readelf displays information about elf type binaries.</para>
    83 
    84 </sect3>
     70<para>readelf displays information about elf type binaries.</para></sect3>
    8571
    8672<sect3><title>size</title>
    87 
    8873<para>size lists the section sizes --and the total size-- for each of the
    8974object files objfile in its argument  list. By default, one line of output is
    90 generated for each object file or each module in an archive.</para>
    91 
    92 </sect3>
     75generated for each object file or each module in an archive.</para></sect3>
    9376
    9477<sect3><title>strings</title>
    95 
    9678<para>For each  file  given, strings prints the printable character sequences
    9779that are at least  4  characters  long (or the number specified with an
    … …  
    10183from the whole file.</para>
    10284
    103 <para>strings is mainly useful for determining the contents of non-text files.</para>
    104 
    105 </sect3>
     85<para>strings is mainly useful for determining the contents of non-text files.</para></sect3>
    10686
    10787<sect3><title>strip</title>
    108 
    10988<para>strip discards all or specific symbols from object files. The list of
    11089object files may include archives. At least one object file must be
    11190given. strip modifies the files named in its argument, rather than writing
    112 modified copies under different names.</para>
    113 
    114 </sect3>
    115 
    116 <sect3><title>c++filt</title>
    117 
    118 <para>The C++ language provides function overloading, which means that it is
    119 possible to
    120 write many functions with the same name (providing each takes parameters
    121 of different types).  All C++ function names are encoded into a low-level
    122 assembly label (this process is known as mangling). The c++filt program
    123 does the inverse mapping: it decodes (demangles) low-level names into
    124 user-level names so that the linker can keep these overloaded functions
    125 from clashing.</para>
    126 
    127 </sect3>
    128 
    129 <sect3><title>addr2line</title>
    130 
    131 <para>addr2line translates program addresses into file names and line numbers.
    132 Given an address and an executable, it uses the  debugging information in
    133 the executable to figure out which file name and line number are associated
    134 with a given address.</para>
    135 
    136 </sect3>
     91modified copies under different names.</para></sect3>
    13792
    13893</sect2>

  • appendixa/bzip2-desc.xml

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    22<title>Contents</title>
    33
    4 <para>The Bzip2 packages contains the bzip2, bunzip2, bzcat and bzip2recover
     4<para>The Bzip2 packages contains the bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2 and bzip2recover
    55programs.</para>
    66
    … …  
    99<sect2><title>Description</title>
    1010
     11<sect3><title>Bunzip2</title>
     12<para>Bunzip2 decompresses files that are compressed with bzip2.</para></sect3>
     13
     14<sect3><title>bzcat</title>
     15<para>bzcat (or bzip2 -dc) decompresses all specified files to the standard
     16output.</para></sect3>
     17
    1118<sect3><title>Bzip2</title>
    12 
    1319<para>bzip2 compresses files using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text
    1420compression algorithm, and Huffman coding. Compression is generally
    1521considerably  better than that achieved by more conventional LZ77/LZ78-based
    1622compressors, and approaches the performance of the PPM family of statistical
    17 compressors.</para>
    18 
    19 </sect3>
    20 
    21 <sect3><title>Bunzip2</title>
    22 
    23 <para>Bunzip2 decompresses files that are compressed with bzip2.</para>
    24 
    25 </sect3>
    26 
    27 <sect3><title>bzcat</title>
    28 
    29 <para>bzcat (or bzip2 -dc) decompresses all specified files to the standard
    30 output.</para>
    31 
    32 </sect3>
     23compressors.</para></sect3>
    3324
    3425<sect3><title>bzip2recover</title>
    35 
    36 <para>bzip2recover recovers data from damaged bzip2 files.</para>
    37 
    38 </sect3>
     26<para>bzip2recover recovers data from damaged bzip2 files.</para></sect3>
    3927
    4028</sect2>

  • appendixa/diffutils-desc.xml

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    99
    1010<sect3><title>cmp and diff</title>
    11 
    1211<para>cmp and diff both compare two files and report their differences. Both
    13 programs have extra options which compare files in different situations.</para>
    14 
    15 </sect3>
     12programs have extra options which compare files in
     13different situations.</para></sect3>
    1614
    1715<sect3><title>diff3</title>
    18 
    1916<para>The difference between diff and diff3 is that diff compares 2 files,
    20 diff3 compares 3 files.</para>
    21 
    22 </sect3>
     17diff3 compares 3 files.</para></sect3>
    2318
    2419<sect3><title>sdiff</title>
    25 
    26 <para>sdiff merges two files and interactively outputs the results.</para>
    27 
    28 </sect3>
     20<para>sdiff merges two files and interactively outputs
     21the results.</para></sect3>
    2922
    3023</sect2>

  • appendixa/e2fsprogs-desc.xml

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    22<title>Contents</title>
    33
    4 <para>The e2fsprogs package contains the chattr, lsattr, uuidgen, badblocks,
    5 debugfs, dumpe2fs, e2fsck, e2label, fsck, fsck.ext2, mke2fs, mkfs.ext2,
    6 mklost+found and tune2fs programs.</para>
     4<para>The e2fsprogs package contains the badblocks, chattr, debugfs,
     5dumpe2fs, e2fsck, e2label, fsck, fsck.ext2, lsattr, mke2fs,
     6mkfs.ext2, mklost+found, tune2fs and uuidgen programs.</para>
    77
    88</sect2>
    … …  
    1010<sect2><title>Description</title>
    1111
     12<sect3><title>badblocks</title>
     13<para>badblocks is used to search for bad blocks on a device (usually a disk
     14partition).</para></sect3>
     15
    1216<sect3><title>chattr</title>
     17<para>chattr changes the file attributes on a Linux second extended file
     18system. </para></sect3>
    1319
    14 <para>chattr changes the file attributes on a Linux second extended file
    15 system. </para>
     20<sect3><title>debugfs</title>
     21<para>The debugfs program is a file system debugger. It can be used  to examine
     22and change the state of an ext2 file system.</para></sect3>
    1623
    17 </sect3>
     24<sect3><title>dumpe2fs</title>
     25<para>dumpe2fs prints the super block and blocks group information for the
     26filesystem present on a specified device.</para></sect3>
     27
     28<sect3><title>e2fsck and fsck.ext2</title>
     29<para>e2fsck is used to check a Linux second extended file  system. fsck.ext2
     30does the same as e2fsck.</para></sect3>
     31
     32<sect3><title>e2label</title>
     33<para>e2label will display or change the filesystem label on the ext2
     34filesystem located on the specified device.</para></sect3>
     35
     36<sect3><title>fsck</title>
     37<para>fsck is used to check and optionally repair a Linux
     38file system.</para></sect3>
    1839
    1940<sect3><title>lsattr</title>
     41<para>lsattr lists the file attributes on a second extended
     42file system.</para></sect3>
    2043
    21 <para>lsattr lists the file attributes on a second extended file system.</para>
     44<sect3><title>mke2fs and mkfs.ext2</title>
     45<para>mke2fs is used to create a Linux second extended file system on a device
     46(usually a disk partition). mkfs.ext2 does the same as mke2fs.</para></sect3>
    2247
    23 </sect3>
     48<sect3><title>mklost+found</title>
     49<para>mklost+found is used to create a lost+found directory in the current
     50working directory on a Linux second extended file system. mklost+found
     51pre-allocates disk blocks to the directory to make it
     52usable by e2fsck.</para></sect3>
     53
     54<sect3><title>tune2fs</title>
     55<para>tune2fs adjusts tunable filesystem parameters on a Linux second extended
     56filesystem.</para></sect3>
    2457
    2558<sect3><title>uuidgen</title>
    26 
    2759<para>The uuidgen program creates a new universally unique identifier (UUID)
    2860using the libuuid library. The new UUID can reasonably be considered unique
    2961among all UUIDs created on the local system, and among UUIDs created on other
    30 systems in the past and in the future.</para>
    31 
    32 </sect3>
    33 
    34 <sect3><title>badblocks</title>
    35 
    36 <para>badblocks is used to search for bad blocks on a device (usually a disk
    37 partition).</para>
    38 
    39 </sect3>
    40 
    41 <sect3><title>debugfs</title>
    42 
    43 <para>The debugfs program is a file system debugger. It can be used  to examine
    44 and change the state of an ext2 file system.</para>
    45 
    46 </sect3>
    47 
    48 <sect3><title>dumpe2fs</title>
    49 
    50 <para>dumpe2fs prints the super block and blocks group information for the
    51 filesystem present on a specified device.</para>
    52 
    53 </sect3>
    54 
    55 <sect3><title>e2fsck and fsck.ext2</title>
    56 
    57 <para>e2fsck is used to check a Linux second extended file  system. fsck.ext2
    58 does the same as e2fsck.</para>
    59 
    60 </sect3>
    61 
    62 <sect3><title>e2label</title>
    63 
    64 <para>e2label will display or change the filesystem label on the ext2
    65 filesystem located on the specified device.</para>
    66 
    67 </sect3>
    68 
    69 <sect3><title>fsck</title>
    70 
    71 <para>fsck is used to check and optionally repair a Linux file system.</para>
    72 
    73 </sect3>
    74 
    75 <sect3><title>mke2fs and mkfs.ext2</title>
    76 
    77 <para>mke2fs is used to create a Linux second extended file system on a device
    78 (usually a disk partition). mkfs.ext2 does the same as mke2fs.</para>
    79 
    80 </sect3>
    81 
    82 <sect3><title>mklost+found</title>
    83 
    84 <para>mklost+found is used to create a lost+found directory in the current
    85 working directory on a Linux second extended file system. mklost+found
    86 pre-allocates disk blocks to the directory to make it usable by e2fsck.</para>
    87 
    88 </sect3>
    89 
    90 <sect3><title>tune2fs</title>
    91 
    92 <para>tune2fs adjusts tunable filesystem parameters on a Linux second extended
    93 filesystem.</para>
    94 
    95 </sect3>
     62systems in the past and in the future.</para></sect3>
    9663
    9764</sect2>

  • appendixa/fileutils-desc.xml

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    1111
    1212<sect3><title>chgrp</title>
    13 
    1413<para>chgrp changes the group ownership of each given file to the named group,
    15 which can be either a group name or a numeric group ID.</para>
    16 
    17 </sect3>
     14which can be either a group name or a numeric group ID.</para></sect3>
    1815
    1916<sect3><title>chmod</title>
    20 
    2117<para>chmod changes the permissions of each given file according to mode, which
    2218can be either a symbolic representation of changes to make, or an octal
    23 number representing the bit pattern for the new permissions.</para>
    24 
    25 </sect3>
     19number representing the bit pattern for the new permissions.</para></sect3>
    2620
    2721<sect3><title>chown</title>
    28 
    29 <para>chown changes the user and/or group ownership of each given file.</para>
    30 
    31 </sect3>
     22<para>chown changes the user and/or group ownership of each
     23given file.</para></sect3>
    3224
    3325<sect3><title>cp</title>
    34 
    35 <para>cp copies files from one place to another.</para>
    36 
    37 </sect3>
     26<para>cp copies files from one place to another.</para></sect3>
    3827
    3928<sect3><title>dd</title>
    40 
    4129<para>dd copies a file (from the standard input to the standard output, by
    4230default) with a user-selectable blocksize, while optionally performing
    43 conversions on it.</para>
    44 
    45 </sect3>
     31conversions on it.</para></sect3>
    4632
    4733<sect3><title>df</title>
    48 
    4934<para>df displays the amount of disk space available on the filesystem
    5035containing each file name argument. If no file name is given, the space
    51 available on all currently mounted filesystems is shown.</para>
     36available on all currently mounted filesystems is shown.</para></sect3>
    5237
    53 </sect3>
    54 
    55 <sect3><title>ls, dir and vdir</title>
    56 
     38<sect3><title>dir, ls and vdir</title>
    5739<para>dir and vdir are versions of ls with different default output formats.
    5840These programs list each given file or directory name. Directory contents
    … …  
    6042sorted  vertically, if the standard output is a terminal; otherwise they
    6143are listed one per  line. For dir, files are by default listed in columns,
    62 sorted vertically. For vdir, files are by default listed in long format.</para>
    63 
    64 </sect3>
     44sorted vertically. For vdir, files are by default listed in
     45long format.</para></sect3>
    6546
    6647<sect3><title>dircolors</title>
    67 
    6848<para>dircolors  outputs commands to set the LS_COLOR environment variable.
    6949The LS_COLOR variable is use to change the default color scheme used by
    70 ls and related utilities.</para>
    71 
    72 </sect3>
     50ls and related utilities.</para></sect3>
    7351
    7452<sect3><title>du</title>
    75 
    7653<para>du displays the amount of disk space used by each argument and for each
    77 subdirectory of directory arguments.</para>
    78 
    79 </sect3>
     54subdirectory of directory arguments.</para></sect3>
    8055
    8156<sect3><title>install</title>
    82 
    8357<para>install copies files and sets their permission modes and, if possible,
    84 their owner and group.</para>
    85 
    86 </sect3>
     58their owner and group.</para></sect3>
    8759
    8860<sect3><title>ln</title>
    89 
    90 <para>ln makes hard or soft (symbolic) links between files.</para>
    91 
    92 </sect3>
     61<para>ln makes hard or soft (symbolic) links between files.</para></sect3>
    9362
    9463<sect3><title>mkdir</title>
    95 
    96 <para>mkdir creates directories with a given name.</para>
    97 
    98 </sect3>
     64<para>mkdir creates directories with a given name.</para></sect3>
    9965
    10066<sect3><title>mkfifo</title>
    101 
    102 <para>mkfifo creates a FIFO with each given name.</para>
    103 
    104 </sect3>
     67<para>mkfifo creates a FIFO with each given name.</para></sect3>
    10568
    10669<sect3><title>mknod</title>
    107 
    10870<para>mknod creates a FIFO, character special file, or block special file
    109 with the given file name.</para>
    110 
    111 </sect3>
     71with the given file name.</para></sect3>
    11272
    11373<sect3><title>mv</title>
    114 
    11574<para>mv moves files from one directory to another or renames files, depending
    116 on the arguments given to mv.</para>
    117 
    118 </sect3>
     75on the arguments given to mv.</para></sect3>
    11976
    12077<sect3><title>rm</title>
    121 
    122 <para>rm removes files or directories.</para>
    123 
    124 </sect3>
     78<para>rm removes files or directories.</para></sect3>
    12579
    12680<sect3><title>rmdir</title>
    127 
    128 <para>rmdir removes directories, if they are empty.</para>
    129 
    130 </sect3>
     81<para>rmdir removes directories, if they are empty.</para></sect3>
    13182
    13283<sect3><title>shred</title>
    133 
    13484<para>shred deletes a file securely, overwriting it first so that its
    135 contents can't be recovered.</para>
    136 
    137 </sect3>
     85contents can't be recovered.</para></sect3>
    13886
    13987<sect3><title>sync</title>
    140 
    141 <para>sync forces changed blocks to disk and updates the super block.</para>
    142 
    143 </sect3>
     88<para>sync forces changed blocks to disk and updates the
     89super block.</para></sect3>
    14490
    14591<sect3><title>touch</title>
    146 
    14792<para>touch changes the access and modification times of each given file to the
    148 current time. Files that do not exist are created empty.</para>
    149 
    150 </sect3>
     93current time. Files that do not exist are created empty.</para></sect3>
    15194
    15295</sect2>

  • appendixa/findutils-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    22<title>Contents</title>
    33
    4 <para>The Findutils package contains the find, locate, updatedb, xargs,
    5 frcode, code and bigram programs.</para>
     4<para>The Findutils package contains the bigram, code, find, frcode, locate,
     5updatedb and xargs programs.</para>
    66
    77</sect2>
    … …  
    99<sect2><title>Description</title>
    1010
    11 <sect3><title>Find</title>
     11<sect3><title>bigram</title>
     12<para>bigram is used together with code to produce older-style locate
     13databases. To learn more about these last three programs, read the locatedb.5
     14manual page.</para></sect3>
    1215
     16<sect3><title>code</title>
     17<para>code is the ancestor of frcode. It was used in older-style locate
     18databases.</para></sect3>
     19
     20<sect3><title>find</title>
    1321<para>The find program searches for files in a directory hierarchy which match
    1422a certain criteria. If no criteria is given, it lists all files in the
    15 current directory and it's subdirectories.</para>
     23current directory and it's subdirectories.</para></sect3>
    1624
    17 </sect3>
     25<sect3><title>frcode</title>
     26<para>updatedb runs a program called frcode to compress the list of file names
     27using front-compression, which reduces the database size by a factor of
     284 to 5.</para></sect3>
    1829
    19 <sect3><title>Locate</title>
    20 
     30<sect3><title>locate</title>
    2131<para>Locate scans a database which contain all files and directories on a
    2232filesystem. This program lists the files and directories in this
    … …  
    2434program will scan the database and tell him exactly where the files he
    2535requested are located. This only makes sense if the locate database is
    26 fairly up-to-date else it will provide out-of-date information.</para>
     36fairly up-to-date else it will provide out-of-date information.</para></sect3>
    2737
    28 </sect3>
    29 
    30 <sect3><title>Updatedb</title>
    31 
     38<sect3><title>updatedb</title>
    3239<para>The updatedb program updates the locate database. It scans the entire
    3340file system (including other file system that are currently mounted
    … …  
    3542into the database that's used by the locate program which retrieves this
    3643information. It's a good practice to update this database once a day to
    37 have it up-to-date whenever it is needed.</para>
     44have it up-to-date whenever it is needed.</para></sect3>
    3845
    39 </sect3>
    40 
    41 <sect3><title>Xargs</title>
    42 
     46<sect3><title>xargs</title>
    4347<para>The xargs command applies a command to a list of files. If there is
    4448a need to perform the same command on multiple files, a file can be created
    4549that contains all these files (one per line) and use xargs to perform that
    46 command on the list.</para>
    47 
    48 </sect3>
    49 
    50 <sect3><title>frcode</title>
    51 
    52 <para>updatedb runs a program called frcode to compress the list of file names
    53 using front-compression, which reduces the database size by a factor of
    54 4 to 5.</para>
    55 
    56 </sect3>
    57 
    58 <sect3><title>code</title>
    59 
    60 <para>code is the ancestor of frcode. It was used in older-style locate
    61 databases.</para>
    62 
    63 </sect3>
    64 
    65 <sect3><title>bigram</title>
    66        
    67 <para>bigram is used together with code to produce older-style locate
    68 databases. To learn more about these last three programs, read the locatedb.5
    69 manual page.</para>
    70 
    71 </sect3>
     50command on the list.</para></sect3>
    7251
    7352</sect2>

  • appendixa/gcc-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    1010
    1111<sect3><title>Compiler</title>
    12 
    1312<para>A compiler translates source code in text format to a format
    1413that a computer understands. After a source code file is compiled into
    1514an object file, a linker will create an executable file from one or more
    16 of these compiler generated object files.</para>
    17 
    18 </sect3>
     15of these compiler generated object files.</para></sect3>
    1916
    2017<sect3><title>Preprocessor</title>
    21 
    2218<para>A preprocessor pre-processes a source file, such as including
    2319the contents of header files into the source file. It's a good idea to
    … …  
    2622like #include &lt;filename&gt;. The preprocessor inserts the
    2723contents of that file into the source file. That's one of the things a
    28 preprocessor does.</para>
    29 
    30 </sect3>
     24preprocessor does.</para></sect3>
    3125
    3226<sect3><title>C++ Library</title>
    33 
    3427<para>The C++ library is used by C++ programs. The C++ library contains
    3528functions that are frequently used in C++ programs. This way the
    3629programmer doesn't have to write certain functions (such as writing a
    3730string of text to the screen) from scratch every time he creates a
    38 program.</para>
    39 
    40 </sect3>
     31program.</para></sect3>
    4132
    4233</sect2>

  • appendixa/gettext-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    1010
    1111<sect3><title>gettext</title>
    12 
    1312<para>The gettext package is used for internationalization (also known as
    1413i18n) and for localization (also known as l10n). Programs can be
    1514compiled with Native Language Support (NLS) which enable them to output
    1615messages in the users native language rather than in the default English
    17 language.</para>
     16language.</para></sect3>
    1817
    19 </sect3>
     18<sect3><title>gettextize</title>
     19<para>No description is currently available for this program.</para></sect3>
     20
     21<sect3><title>msgcmp</title>
     22<para>No description is currently available for this program.</para></sect3>
     23
     24<sect3><title>msgcomm</title>
     25<para>No description is currently available for this program.</para></sect3>
     26
     27<sect3><title>msgfmt</title>
     28<para>No description is currently available for this program.</para></sect3>
     29
     30<sect3><title>msgmerge</title>
     31<para>No description is currently available for this program.</para></sect3>
     32
     33<sect3><title>msgunfmt</title>
     34<para>No description is currently available for this program.</para></sect3>
     35
     36<sect3><title>xgettext</title>
     37<para>No description is currently available for this program.</para></sect3>
    2038
    2139</sect2>

  • appendixa/grep-desc.xml

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    99
    1010<sect3><title>egrep</title>
    11 
    1211<para>egrep prints lines from files matching an extended regular expression
    13 pattern.</para>
    14 
    15 </sect3>
     12pattern.</para></sect3>
    1613
    1714<sect3><title>fgrep</title>
    18 
    1915<para>fgrep prints lines from files matching a list of fixed strings,
    20 separated by newlines, any of which is to be matched.</para>
    21 
    22 </sect3>
     16separated by newlines, any of which is to be matched.</para></sect3>
    2317
    2418<sect3><title>grep</title>
    25 
    2619<para>grep prints lines from files matching a basic regular expression
    27 pattern.</para>
    28 
    29 </sect3>
     20pattern.</para></sect3>
    3021
    3122</sect2>

  • appendixa/groff-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    1212
    1313<sect3><title>addftinfo</title>
    14 
    1514<para>addftinfo reads a troff font file and adds some additional font-metric
    16 information that is used by the groff system.</para>
    17 
    18 </sect3>
     15information that is used by the groff system.</para></sect3>
    1916
    2017<sect3><title>afmtodit</title>
    21 
    22 <para>afmtodit creates a font file for use with groff and grops.</para>
    23 
    24 </sect3>
     18<para>afmtodit creates a font file for use with groff and grops.</para></sect3>
    2519
    2620<sect3><title>eqn</title>
    27 
    2821<para>eqn compiles descriptions of equations embedded within troff input files
    29 into commands that are understood by troff.</para>
    30 
    31 </sect3>
     22into commands that are understood by troff.</para></sect3>
    3223
    3324<sect3><title>grodvi</title>
    34 
    35 <para>grodvi is a driver for groff that produces TeX dvi format.</para>
    36 
    37 </sect3>
     25<para>grodvi is a driver for groff that produces TeX dvi format.</para></sect3>
    3826
    3927<sect3><title>groff</title>
    40 
    4128<para>groff is a front-end to the groff document formatting system. Normally it
    4229runs the troff program and a post-processor appropriate for the selected
    43 device.</para>
    44 
    45 </sect3>
     30device.</para></sect3>
    4631
    4732<sect3><title>grog</title>
    48 
    4933<para>grog reads files and guesses which of the groff options -e, -man, -me,
    5034-mm, -ms, -p, -s, and -t are required for printing files, and prints the groff
    51 command including those options on the standard output.</para>
    52 
    53 </sect3>
     35command including those options on the standard output.</para></sect3>
    5436
    5537<sect3><title>grohtml</title>
    56 
    57 <para>grohtml translates the output of GNU troff to html</para>
    58 
    59 </sect3>
     38<para>grohtml translates the output of GNU troff to html</para></sect3>
    6039
    6140<sect3><title>grolj4</title>
    62 
    6341<para>grolj4 is a driver for groff that produces output in PCL5 format suitable
    64 for an HP Laserjet 4 printer.</para>
    65 
    66 </sect3>
     42for an HP Laserjet 4 printer.</para></sect3>
    6743
    6844<sect3><title>grops</title>
    69 
    70 <para>grops translates the output of GNU troff to Postscript.</para>
    71 
    72 </sect3>
     45<para>grops translates the output of GNU troff to Postscript.</para></sect3>
    7346
    7447<sect3><title>grotty</title>
    75 
    7648<para>grotty translates the output of GNU troff into a form suitable for
    77 typewriter-like  devices.</para>
    78 
    79 </sect3>
     49typewriter-like  devices.</para></sect3>
    8050
    8151<sect3><title>hpftodit</title>
    82 
    8352<para>hpftodit creates a font file for use with groff -Tlj4 from an  HP
    84 tagged font metric file.</para>
    85 
    86 </sect3>
     53tagged font metric file.</para></sect3>
    8754
    8855<sect3><title>indxbib</title>
    89 
    9056<para>indxbib makes an inverted index for the bibliographic databases a
    91 specified file for use with refer, lookbib, and lkbib.</para>
    92 
    93 </sect3>
     57specified file for use with refer, lookbib, and lkbib.</para></sect3>
    9458
    9559<sect3><title>lkbib</title>
    96 
    9760<para>lkbib searches bibliographic databases for references that contain
    98 specified keys and prints any references found on the standard output.</para>
    99 
    100 </sect3>
     61specified keys and prints any references found on the
     62standard output.</para></sect3>
    10163
    10264<sect3><title>lookbib</title>
    103 
    10465<para>lookbib prints a prompt on the standard error (unless the standard input
    10566is not a terminal), reads from the standard input a line containing a set
    10667of keywords, searches the bibliographic databases in a specified file for 
    10768references containing those keywords, prints any references found on the
    108 standard output, and repeats this process until the end of input.</para>
    109 
    110 </sect3>
     69standard output, and repeats this process until the end of input.</para></sect3>
    11170
    11271<sect3><title>neqn</title>
    113 
    114 <para>The neqn script formats equations for ascii output.</para>
    115 
    116 </sect3>
     72<para>The neqn script formats equations for ascii output.</para></sect3>
    11773
    11874<sect3><title>nroff</title>
    119 
    120 <para>The nroff script emulates the nroff command using groff.</para>
    121 
    122 </sect3>
     75<para>The nroff script emulates the nroff command using groff.</para></sect3>
    12376
    12477<sect3><title>pfbtops</title>
    125 
    126 <para>pfbtops translates a Postscript font in .pfb format to ASCII.</para>
    127 
    128 </sect3>
     78<para>pfbtops translates a Postscript font in .pfb format
     79to ASCII.</para></sect3>
    12980
    13081<sect3><title>pic</title>
    131 
    13282<para>pic compiles descriptions of pictures embedded within troff or TeX input
    133 files into commands that are understood by TeX or  troff.</para>
    134 
    135 </sect3>
     83files into commands that are understood by TeX or  troff.</para></sect3>
    13684
    13785<sect3><title>psbb</title>
    138 
    13986<para>psbb reads a file which should be a Postscript document conforming to the
    140 Document Structuring conventions and looks for a %%BoundingBox comment.</para>
    141 
    142 </sect3>
     87Document Structuring conventions and looks for a
     88%%BoundingBox comment.</para></sect3>
    14389
    14490<sect3><title>refer</title>
    145 
    14691<para>refer copies the contents of a file to the standard output, except that
    14792lines between .[ and .] are interpreted as citations, and lines between .R1
    14893and  .R2  are  interpreted as commands about how citations are to be
    149 processed.</para>
    150 
    151 </sect3>
     94processed.</para></sect3>
    15295
    15396<sect3><title>soelim</title>
    154 
    15597<para>soelim reads files and replaces lines of the form
    15698<emphasis>.so file</emphasis> by  the  contents of
    157 <emphasis>file</emphasis>.</para>
    158 
    159 </sect3>
     99<emphasis>file</emphasis>.</para></sect3>
    160100
    161101<sect3><title>tbl</title>
    162 
    163102<para>tbl compiles descriptions of tables embedded within troff input files
    164 into commands that are understood  by  troff.</para>
    165 
    166 </sect3>
     103into commands that are understood  by  troff.</para></sect3>
    167104
    168105<sect3><title>tfmtodit</title>
    169 
    170106<para>tfmtodit creates a font file for use with <userinput>groff
    171 -Tdvi</userinput></para>
    172 
    173 </sect3>
     107-Tdvi</userinput></para></sect3>
    174108
    175109<sect3><title>troff</title>
    176 
    177110<para>troff is highly compatible with Unix troff. Usually it should be invoked
    178111using the groff command, which will also run preprocessors and
    179112post-processors in the appropriate order and with the appropriate
    180 options.</para>
    181 
    182 </sect3>
     113options.</para></sect3>
    183114
    184115</sect2>

  • appendixa/gzip-desc.xml

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    1010
    1111<sect3><title>gunzip</title>
    12 
    13 <para>gunzip decompresses files that are compressed with gzip.</para>
    14 
    15 </sect3>
     12<para>gunzip decompresses files that are compressed with gzip.</para></sect3>
    1613
    1714<sect3><title>gzexe</title>
    18 
    1915<para>gzexe allows you to compress executables in place and have them
    2016automatically uncompress and execute when they are run (at a penalty in
    21 performance).</para>
    22 
    23 </sect3>
     17performance).</para></sect3>
    2418
    2519<sect3><title>gzip</title>
    26 
    2720<para>gzip reduces the size of the named files using
    28 Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77).</para>
    29 
    30 </sect3>
     21Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77).</para></sect3>
    3122
    3223<sect3><title>zcat</title>
    33 
    3424<para>zcat uncompresses either a list of files on the command line or its
    35 standard input and writes the uncompressed data on standard output</para>
    36 
    37 </sect3>
     25standard input and writes the uncompressed data on
     26standard output</para></sect3>
    3827
    3928<sect3><title>zcmp</title>
    40 
    41 <para>zcmp invokes the cmp program on compressed files.</para>
    42 
    43 </sect3>
     29<para>zcmp invokes the cmp program on compressed files.</para></sect3>
    4430
    4531<sect3><title>zdiff</title>
    46 
    47 <para>zdiff invokes the diff program on compressed files.</para>
    48 
    49 </sect3>
     32<para>zdiff invokes the diff program on compressed files.</para></sect3>
    5033
    5134<sect3><title>zforce</title>
    52 
    5335<para>zforce forces a  .gz extension on all gzip files so that gzip will not
    5436compress them twice.  This can be useful for files with names truncated
    55 after a file transfer.</para>
    56 
    57 </sect3>
     37after a file transfer.</para></sect3>
    5838
    5939<sect3><title>zgrep</title>
    60 
    61 <para>zgrep invokes the grep program on compressed files.</para>
    62 
    63 </sect3>
     40<para>zgrep invokes the grep program on compressed files.</para></sect3>
    6441
    6542<sect3><title>zmore</title>
    66 
    6743<para>zmore is a filter which allows examination of compressed or plain text
    6844files one screen at a time on a soft-copy terminal (similar to the
    69 more program).</para>
    70 
    71 </sect3>
     45more program).</para></sect3>
    7246
    7347<sect3><title>znew</title>
    74 
    7548<para>znew re-compresses files from .Z (compress) format to
    76 .gz (gzip) format.</para>
    77 
    78 </sect3>
     49.gz (gzip) format.</para></sect3>
    7950
    8051</sect2>

  • appendixa/kbd-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    22<title>Contents</title>
    33
    4 <para>The Kbd package contains the chvt,
    5 deallocvt, dumpkeys, fgconsole, getkeycodes,
    6 kbd_mode, kbdrate, loadkeys, loadunimap, mapscrn,
    7 psfxtable,
    8 resizecons, screendump, setfont,
     4<para>The Kbd package contains the chvt, deallocvt, dumpkeys, fgconsole,
     5getkeycodes, kbd_mode, kbdrate, loadkeys, loadunimap, mapscrn,
     6psfxtable, resizecons, screendump, setfont,
    97setkeycodes, setleds, setmetamode, setvesablank, showfont,
    10 showkey,
    11 unicode_start, and unicode_stop programs. There are some other programs that
     8showkey, unicode_start, and unicode_stop programs.
     9There are some other programs that
    1210don't get installed by default, as they are very optional. Take a look at the
    1311Kbd package contents if you have trouble with your console.</para>
    … …  
    1816<title>Description</title>
    1917
    20 <sect3>
    21 <title>chvt</title>
     18<sect3><title>chvt</title>
     19<para>chvt changes foreground virtual terminal.</para></sect3>
    2220
    23 <para>chvt changes foreground virtual terminal.</para>
     21<sect3><title>deallocvt</title>
     22<para>deallocvt deallocates unused virtual terminals.</para></sect3>
    2423
    25 </sect3>
     24<sect3><title>dumpkeys</title>
     25<para>dumpkeys dumps keyboard translation tables.</para></sect3>
    2626
    27 <sect3>
    28 <title>deallocvt</title>
     27<sect3><title>fgconsole</title>
     28<para>fgconsole prints the number of the active virtual terminal.</para></sect3>
    2929
    30 <para>deallocvt deallocates unused virtual terminals.</para>
     30<sect3><title>getkeycodes</title>
     31<para>getkeycodes prints the kernel scancode-to-keycode
     32mapping table.</para></sect3>
    3133
    32 </sect3>
     34<sect3><title>kbd_mode</title>
     35<para>kbd_mode reports or sets the keyboard mode.</para></sect3>
    3336
    34 <sect3>
    35 <title>dumpkeys</title>
     37<sect3><title>kbdrate</title>
     38<para>kbdrate sets the keyboard repeat and delay rates.</para></sect3>
    3639
    37 <para>dumpkeys dumps keyboard translation tables.</para>
     40<sect3><title>loadkeys</title>
     41<para>loadkeys loads keyboard translation tables.</para></sect3>
    3842
    39 </sect3>
     43<sect3><title>loadunimap</title>
     44<para>loadunimap loads the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table.</para></sect3>
    4045
    41 <sect3>
    42 <title>fgconsole</title>
    43 
    44 <para>fgconsole prints the number of the active virtual terminal.</para>
    45 
    46 </sect3>
    47 
    48 <sect3>
    49 <title>getkeycodes</title>
    50 
    51 <para>getkeycodes prints the kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table.</para>
    52 
    53 </sect3>
    54 
    55 <sect3>
    56 <title>kbd_mode</title>
    57 
    58 <para>kbd_mode reports or sets the keyboard mode.</para>
    59 
    60 </sect3>
    61 
    62 <sect3>
    63 <title>kbdrate</title>
    64 
    65 <para>kbdrate sets the keyboard repeat and delay rates.</para>
    66 
    67 </sect3>
    68 
    69 <sect3>
    70 <title>loadkeys</title>
    71 
    72 <para>loadkeys loads keyboard translation tables.</para>
    73 
    74 </sect3>
    75 
    76 <sect3>
    77 <title>loadunimap</title>
    78 
    79 <para>loadunimap loads the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table.</para>
    80 
    81 </sect3>
    82 
    83 <sect3>
    84 <title>mapscrn</title>
    85 
     46<sect3><title>mapscrn</title>
    8647<para>mapscrn loads a user defined output character
    8748mapping table into the console driver. Note that it is obsolete and that its
    88 features are built into setfont.</para>
     49features are built into setfont.</para></sect3>
    8950
    90 </sect3>
     51<sect3><title>psfxtable</title>
     52<para>psfxtable is a tool for handling Unicode character tables for
     53console fonts.</para></sect3>
    9154
    92 <sect3>
    93 <title>psfxtable</title>
     55<sect3><title>resizecons</title>
     56<para>resizecons changes the kernel idea of the console size.</para></sect3>
    9457
    95 <para>psfxtable is a tool for handling Unicode character tables for
    96 console fonts.</para>
     58<sect3><title>screendump</title>
     59<para>A screen shot utility for the console.</para></sect3>
    9760
    98 </sect3>
     61<sect3><title>setfont</title>
     62<para>This lets you change the EGA/VGA fonts in console.</para></sect3>
    9963
    100 <sect3>
    101 <title>resizecons</title>
     64<sect3><title>setkeycodes</title>
     65<para>setkeycodes loads kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping
     66table entries.</para></sect3>
    10267
    103 <para>resizecons changes the kernel idea of the console size.</para>
    104 
    105 </sect3>
    106 
    107 <sect3>
    108 <title>screendump</title>
    109 
    110 <para>A screen shot utility for the console.</para>
    111 
    112 </sect3>
    113 
    114 <sect3>
    115 <title>setfont</title>
    116 
    117 <para>This lets you change the EGA/VGA fonts in console.</para>
    118 
    119 </sect3>
    120 
    121 <sect3>
    122 <title>setkeycodes</title>
    123 
    124 <para>setkeycodes loads kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table entries.</para>
    125 
    126 </sect3>
    127 
    128 <sect3>
    129 <title>setleds</title>
    130 
     68<sect3><title>setleds</title>
    13169<para>setleds sets the keyboard LEDs. Many people find it useful to have numlock
    13270enabled by default, and it is by using this program that you can
    133 achieve this.</para>
     71achieve this.</para></sect3>
    13472
    135 </sect3>
     73<sect3><title>setmetamode</title>
     74<para>setmetamode defines the keyboard meta key handling.</para></sect3>
    13675
    137 <sect3>
    138 <title>setmetamode</title>
     76<sect3><title>setvesablank</title>
     77<para>This lets you fiddle with the built-in hardware screensaver
     78(not toasters, only a blank screen).</para></sect3>
    13979
    140 <para>setmetamode defines the keyboard meta key handling.</para>
     80<sect3><title>showfont</title>
     81<para>showfont displays data about a font. The information shown includes font
     82information, font properties, character metrics, and
     83character bitmaps.</para></sect3>
    14184
    142 </sect3>
     85<sect3><title>showkey</title>
     86<para>showkey examines the scancodes and keycodes sent by
     87the keyboard.</para></sect3>
    14388
    144 <sect3>
    145 <title>setvesablank</title>
     89<sect3><title>unicode_start</title>
     90<para>unicode_start puts the console in Unicode mode.</para></sect3>
    14691
    147 <para>This lets you fiddle with the built-in hardware screensaver
    148 (not toasters, only a blank screen).</para>
    149 
    150 </sect3>
    151 
    152 <sect3>
    153 <title>showfont</title>
    154 
    155 <para>showfont displays data about a font. The information shown includes font
    156 information, font properties, character metrics, and character bitmaps.</para>
    157 
    158 </sect3>
    159 
    160 <sect3>
    161 <title>showkey</title>
    162 
    163 <para>showkey examines the scancodes and keycodes sent by the keyboard.</para>
    164 
    165 </sect3>
    166 
    167 <sect3>
    168 <title>unicode_start</title>
    169 
    170 <para>unicode_start puts the console in Unicode mode.</para>
    171 
    172 </sect3>
    173 
    174 <sect3>
    175 <title>unicode_stop</title>
    176 
    177 <para>unicode_stop reverts keyboard and console from unicode mode.</para>
    178 
    179 </sect3>
     92<sect3><title>unicode_stop</title>
     93<para>unicode_stop reverts keyboard and console from
     94unicode mode.</para></sect3>
    18095
    18196</sect2>

  • appendixa/libtool-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    99
    1010<sect3><title>libtool</title>
    11 
    12 <para>Libtool provides generalized library-building support services.</para>
    13 
    14 </sect3>
     11<para>Libtool provides generalized library-building
     12support services.</para></sect3>
    1513
    1614<sect3><title>libtoolize</title>
    17 
    1815<para>libtoolize provides a standard way to add libtool support to a
    19 package.</para>
    20 
    21 </sect3>
     16package.</para></sect3>
    2217
    2318<sect3><title>ltdl library</title>
    24 
    2519<para>Libtool provides a small library, called `libltdl', that aims at hiding
    26 the various difficulties of dlopening libraries from programmers.</para>
    27 
    28 </sect3>
     20the various difficulties of dlopening libraries from programmers.</para></sect3>
    2921
    3022</sect2>

  • appendixa/man-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    11<sect2><title>Contents</title>
    22
    3 <para>The Man package contains the man, apropos whatis and makewhatis
     3<para>The Man package contains the apropos, makewhatis, man and whatis
    44programs.</para>
    55
    … …  
    88<sect2><title>Description</title>
    99
    10 <sect3><title>man</title>
    11 
    12 <para>man formats and displays the on-line manual pages.</para>
    13 
    14 </sect3>
    15 
    1610<sect3><title>apropos</title>
    17 
    1811<para>apropos searches a set of database files containing short descriptions
    1912of system commands for keywords and  displays the result on the standard
    20 output.</para>
    21 
    22 </sect3>
    23 
    24 <sect3><title>whatis</title>
    25 
    26 <para>whatis searches a set of database files containing short descriptions
    27 of system commands for keywords and displays the result on the standard
    28 output. Only complete word matches are displayed.</para>
    29 
    30 </sect3>
     13output.</para></sect3>
    3114
    3215<sect3><title>makewhatis</title>
    33 
    3416<para>makewhatis reads all the manual pages contained in given sections of
    3517manpath or the pre-formatted pages contained in the given sections of
    … …  
    3719line consists of the name of the page  and  a  short  description,
    3820separated  by a dash. The description is extracted using the content of
    39 the NAME section of the manual page.</para>
     21the NAME section of the manual page.</para></sect3>
    4022
    41 </sect3>
     23<sect3><title>man</title>
     24<para>man formats and displays the on-line manual pages.</para></sect3>
     25
     26<sect3><title>whatis</title>
     27<para>whatis searches a set of database files containing short descriptions
     28of system commands for keywords and displays the result on the standard
     29output. Only complete word matches are displayed.</para></sect3>
    4230
    4331</sect2>

  • appendixa/mawk-desc.xml

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    88
    99<sect3><title>mawk</title>
    10 
    1110<para>Mawk is an interpreter for the AWK Programming Language. The AWK
    1211language is useful for manipulation of data files, text retrieval and
    13 processing, and for prototyping and experimenting with algorithms.</para>
    14 
    15 </sect3>
     12processing, and for prototyping and experimenting
     13with algorithms.</para></sect3>
    1614
    1715</sect2>

  • appendixa/modutils-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    1111
    1212<sect3><title>depmod</title>
    13 
    14 <para>depmod handles dependency descriptions for loadable kernel modules.</para>
    15 
    16 </sect3>
     13<para>depmod handles dependency descriptions for loadable
     14kernel modules.</para></sect3>
    1715
    1816<sect3><title>genksyms</title>
    19 
    2017<para>genksyms reads (on standard input) the output from gcc  -E source.c
    21 and generates a file containing version information.</para>
    22 
    23 </sect3>
     18and generates a file containing version information.</para></sect3>
    2419
    2520<sect3><title>insmod</title>
    26 
    27 <para>insmod installs a loadable module in the running kernel.</para>
    28 
    29 </sect3>
     21<para>insmod installs a loadable module in the running kernel.</para></sect3>
    3022
    3123<sect3><title>insmod_ksymoops_clean</title>
    32 
    3324<para>insmod_ksymoops_clean deletes saved ksyms and modules not accessed in
    34 2 days.</para>
    35 
    36 </sect3>
     252 days.</para></sect3>
    3726
    3827<sect3><title>kerneld</title>
    39 
    4028<para>kerneld performs kernel action in user space (such as on-demand loading
    41 of modules)</para>
    42 
    43 </sect3>
     29of modules)</para></sect3>
    4430
    4531<sect3><title>kernelversion</title>
    46 
    47 <para>kernelversion reports the major version of the running kernel.</para>
    48 
    49 </sect3>
     32<para>kernelversion reports the major version of the
     33running kernel.</para></sect3>
    5034
    5135<sect3><title>ksyms</title>
    52 
    53 <para>ksyms displays exported kernel symbols.</para>
    54 
    55 </sect3>
     36<para>ksyms displays exported kernel symbols.</para></sect3>
    5637
    5738<sect3><title>lsmod</title>
    58 
    59 <para>lsmod shows information about all loaded modules.</para>
    60 
    61 </sect3>
     39<para>lsmod shows information about all loaded modules.</para></sect3>
    6240
    6341<sect3><title>modinfo</title>
    64 
    6542<para>modinfo examines an object file associated with a kernel module and
    66 displays any  information that it can glean.</para>
    67 
    68 </sect3>
     43displays any  information that it can glean.</para></sect3>
    6944
    7045<sect3><title>modprobe</title>
    71 
    7246<para>Modprobe uses a Makefile-like dependency file, created by depmod,
    7347to automatically load the relevant module(s) from the set of modules
    74 available in predefined directory trees.</para>
    75 
    76 </sect3>
     48available in predefined directory trees.</para></sect3>
    7749
    7850<sect3><title>rmmod</title>
    79 
    80 <para>rmmod unloads loadable modules from the running kernel.</para>
    81 
    82 </sect3>
     51<para>rmmod unloads loadable modules from the running kernel.</para></sect3>
    8352
    8453</sect2>

  • appendixa/ncurses-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    33
    44<para>The Ncurses package contains the ncurses, panel, menu and form
    5 libraries. It also contains the tic, infocmp, clear, tput, toe and tset
     5libraries. It also contains the clear, infocmp, tic, toe, tput and tset
    66programs.</para>
    77
    … …  
    1111
    1212<sect3><title>The libraries</title>
    13 
    1413<para>The libraries that make up the Ncurses library are used to display text
    1514(often in a fancy way) on the screen. An example where ncurses is used
    1615is in the kernel's <quote>make menuconfig</quote> process. The libraries
    1716contain routines to create panels, menu's, form and general text display
    18 routines.</para>
     17routines.</para></sect3>
    1918
    20 </sect3>
     19<sect3><title>clear</title>
     20<para>The clear program clears the screen if this is possible.  It looks in
     21the environment for the terminal type and then in the terminfo database
     22to figure out how to clear the screen.</para></sect3>
     23
     24<sect3><title>Infocmp</title>
     25<para>The infocmp program can be used to compare a binary terminfo entry with
     26other terminfo entries, rewrite a terminfo description to
     27take advantage of the use=  terminfo field, or print  out  a 
     28terminfo  description  from the binary file (term) in a variety of
     29formats (the opposite of what tic does).</para></sect3>
    2130
    2231<sect3><title>Tic</title>
    23 
    2432<para>Tic is the terminfo entry-description compiler. The program translates a
    2533terminfo file from source format into the binary format for use with the
    2634ncurses library routines. Terminfo files contain information about the
    27 capabilities of a terminal.</para>
     35capabilities of a terminal.</para></sect3>
    2836
    29 </sect3>
    30 
    31 <sect3><title>Infocmp</title>
    32 
    33 <para>The infocmp program can be used to compare a binary terminfo entry with
    34 other
    35 terminfo entries, rewrite a terminfo description to take advantage of
    36 the
    37 use=  terminfo field, or print  out  a  terminfo  description  from the
    38 binary
    39 file (term) in a variety of formats (the opposite of what tic does).</para>
    40 
    41 </sect3>
    42 
    43 <sect3><title>clear</title>
    44 
    45 <para>The clear program clears the screen if this is possible.  It looks in
    46 the environment for the terminal type and then in the terminfo database
    47 to
    48 figure out how to clear the screen.</para>
    49 
    50 </sect3>
     37<sect3><title>toe</title>
     38<para>The toe program lists all available terminal types by primary name with
     39descriptions.</para></sect3>
    5140
    5241<sect3><title>tput</title>
    53 
    5442<para>The tput program uses the terminfo database to make the values of
    5543terminal-dependent capabilities and  information available to the shell,
    56 to
    57 initialize or reset the terminal, or return the long name of the
    58 requested
    59 terminal type.</para>
    60 
    61 </sect3>
    62 
    63 <sect3><title>toe</title>
    64 
    65 <para>The toe program lists all available terminal types by primary name with
    66 descriptions.</para>
    67 
    68 </sect3>
     44to initialize or reset the terminal, or return the long name of the
     45requested terminal type.</para></sect3>
    6946
    7047<sect3><title>tset</title>
    71 
    7248<para>The Tset program initializes terminals so they can be used, but it's not
    73 widely used anymore. It's provided for 4.4BSD compatibility.</para>
    74 
    75 </sect3>
     49widely used anymore. It's provided for 4.4BSD compatibility.</para></sect3>
    7650
    7751</sect2>

  • appendixa/netkitbase-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    99<title>Description</title>
    1010
    11 <sect3>
    12 <title>inetd</title>
     11<sect3><title>inetd</title>
     12<para>inetd is the mother of all daemons. It listens for connections, and
     13transfers the call to the appropriate daemon.</para></sect3>
    1314
    14 <para>inetd is the mother of all daemons. It listens for connections, and
    15 transfers the call to the appropriate daemon.</para>
    16 
    17 </sect3>
    18 
    19 <sect3>
    20 <title>ping</title>
    21 
     15<sect3><title>ping</title>
    2216<para>ping sends ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to a host and determines its
    23 response time.</para>
    24 
    25 </sect3>
     17response time.</para></sect3>
    2618
    2719</sect2>

  • appendixa/nettools-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    1010<title>Description</title>
    1111
    12 <sect3>
    13 <title>arp</title>
     12<sect3><title>arp</title>
     13<para>arp is used to manipulate the kernel's ARP cache, usually to add
     14or delete an entry, or to dump the ARP cache.</para></sect3>
    1415
    15 <para>arp is used to manipulate the kernel's ARP cache, usually to add
    16 or delete an entry, or to dump the ARP cache.</para>
    17 
    18 </sect3>
    19 
    20 <sect3>
    21 <title>hostname</title>
    22 
     16<sect3><title>hostname</title>
    2317<para>hostname, with its symlinks domainname, dnsdomainname, nisdomainname,
    2418ypdomainname, and nodename, is used to set or show the system's hostname (or
    25 other, depending on the symlink used).</para>
     19other, depending on the symlink used).</para></sect3>
    2620
    27 </sect3>
     21<sect3><title>ifconfig</title>
     22<para>The ifconfig command is the general command used to configure network
     23interfaces.</para></sect3>
    2824
    29 <sect3>
    30 <title>ifconfig</title>
    31 
    32 <para>The ifconfig command is the general command used to configure network
    33 interfaces.</para>
    34 
    35 </sect3>
    36 
    37 <sect3>
    38 <title>netstat</title>
    39 
     25<sect3><title>netstat</title>
    4026<para>netstat is a multi-purpose tool used to print the network connections,
    4127routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast
    42 memberships.</para>
     28memberships.</para></sect3>
    4329
    44 </sect3>
     30<sect3><title>plipconfig</title>
     31<para>plipconfig is used to fine-tune the PLIP device parameters, hopefully
     32making it faster.</para></sect3>
    4533
    46 <sect3>
    47 <title>plipconfig</title>
     34<sect3><title>rarp</title>
     35<para>Akin to the arp program, the rarp program manipulates the system's
     36RARP table.</para></sect3>
    4837
    49 <para>plipconfig is used to fine-tune the PLIP device parameters, hopefully
    50 making it faster.</para>
     38<sect3><title>route</title>
     39<para>route is the general utility which is used to manipulate the IP
     40routing table.</para></sect3>
    5141
    52 </sect3>
    53 
    54 <sect3>
    55 <title>rarp</title>
    56 
    57 <para>Akin to the arp program, the rarp program manipulates the system's
    58 RARP table.</para>
    59 
    60 </sect3>
    61 
    62 <sect3>
    63 <title>route</title>
    64 
    65 <para>route is the general utility which is used to manipulate the IP
    66 routing table.</para>
    67 
    68 </sect3>
    69 
    70 <sect3>
    71 <title>slattach</title>
    72 
     42<sect3><title>slattach</title>
    7343<para>slattach attaches a network interface to a serial line, i.e.. puts a
    74 normal terminal line into one of several "network" modes.</para>
    75 
    76 </sect3>
     44normal terminal line into one of several "network" modes.</para></sect3>
    7745
    7846</sect2>

  • appendixa/procps-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    1010
    1111<sect3><title>free</title>
    12 
    1312<para>free displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap memory
    1413in the system, as well as the shared memory and buffers used by the
    15 kernel.</para>
    16 
    17 </sect3>
     14kernel.</para></sect3>
    1815
    1916<sect3><title>kill</title>
    20 
    21 <para>kills sends signals to processes.</para>
    22 
    23 </sect3>
     17<para>kills sends signals to processes.</para></sect3>
    2418
    2519<sect3><title>oldps and ps</title>
    26 
    27 <para>ps gives a snapshot of the current processes.</para>
    28 
    29 </sect3>
     20<para>ps gives a snapshot of the current processes.</para></sect3>
    3021
    3122<sect3><title>skill</title>
    32 
    33 <para>skill sends signals to process matching a criteria.</para>
    34 
    35 </sect3>
     23<para>skill sends signals to process matching a criteria.</para></sect3>
    3624
    3725<sect3><title>snice</title>
    38 
    3926<para>snice changes the scheduling priority for process matching a
    40 criteria.</para>
    41 
    42 </sect3>
     27criteria.</para></sect3>
    4328
    4429<sect3><title>sysctl</title>
    45 
    46 <para>sysctl modifies kernel parameters at runtime.</para>
    47 
    48 </sect3>
     30<para>sysctl modifies kernel parameters at runtime.</para></sect3>
    4931
    5032<sect3><title>tload</title>
    51 
    5233<para>tload prints a graph of the current system load average to the
    53 specified tty (or the tty of the tload process if none is specified).</para>
    54 
    55 </sect3>
     34specified tty (or the tty of the tload process if
     35none is specified).</para></sect3>
    5636
    5737<sect3><title>top</title>
    58 
    59 <para>top provides an ongoing look at processor activity in real time.</para>
    60 
    61 </sect3>
     38<para>top provides an ongoing look at processor activity
     39in real time.</para></sect3>
    6240
    6341<sect3><title>uptime</title>
    64 
    6542<para>uptime gives a one line display of the following information: the current
    6643time, how long the system has been running, how many users are currently
    6744logged on, and the system load averages for the past 1, 5, and 15
    68 minutes.</para>
    69 
    70 </sect3>
     45minutes.</para></sect3>
    7146
    7247<sect3><title>vmstat</title>
    73 
    7448<para>vmstat reports information about processes, memory, paging, block IO,
    75 traps, and cpu activity.</para>
    76 
    77 </sect3>
     49traps, and cpu activity.</para></sect3>
    7850
    7951<sect3><title>w</title>
    80 
    8152<para>w displays information about the users currently on the machine, and
    82 their processes.</para>
    83 
    84 </sect3>
     53their processes.</para></sect3>
    8554
    8655<sect3><title>watch</title>
    87 
    8856<para>watch runs command repeatedly, displaying its output (the first
    89 screen full).</para>
    90 
    91 </sect3>
     57screen full).</para></sect3>
    9258
    9359</sect2>

  • appendixa/psmisc-desc.xml

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    1010
    1111<sect3><title>fuser</title>
    12 
    1312<para>fuser displays the PIDs of processes using the specified files or file
    14 systems.</para>
    15 
    16 </sect3>
     13systems.</para></sect3>
    1714
    1815<sect3><title>killall</title>
    19 
    2016<para>killall sends a signal to all processes running any of the specified
    21 commands.</para>
    22 
    23 </sect3>
     17commands.</para></sect3>
    2418
    2519<sect3><title>pidof</title>
    26 
    2720<para>Pidof finds the process id's (pids) of the named programs and
    28 prints those id's on standard output.</para>
    29 
    30 </sect3>
     21prints those id's on standard output.</para></sect3>
    3122
    3223<sect3><title>pstree</title>
    33 
    34 <para>pstree shows running processes as a tree.</para>
    35 
    36 </sect3>
     24<para>pstree shows running processes as a tree.</para></sect3>
    3725
    3826</sect2>

  • appendixa/shadowpwd-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    22<title>Contents</title>
    33
    4 <para>The Shadow Password Suite contains the chage, chfn, chsh, expiry,
    5 faillog, gpasswd, lastlog, login, newgrp, passwd, sg, su, chpasswd,
    6 dpasswd, groupadd, groupdel, groupmod, grpck, grpconv, grpunconv, logoutd,
    7 mkpasswd, newusers, pwck, pwconv, pwunconv, useradd, userdel, usermod
    8 and vipw programs.</para>
     4<para>The Shadow Password Suite contains the chage, chfn, chpasswd, chsh,
     5dpasswd, expiry, faillog, gpasswd, groupadd, groupdel, groupmod, grpck,
     6grpconv, grpunconv, lastlog, login, newgrp, passwd, sg, su, logoutd,
     7mkpasswd, newusers, pwck, pwconv, pwunconv, useradd,
     8userdel, usermod and vipw programs.</para>
    99
    1010</sect2>
    … …  
    1313
    1414<sect3><title>chage</title>
    15 
    1615<para>chage changes the number of days between password changes and the date of
    17 the last password change.</para>
    18 
    19 </sect3>
     16the last password change.</para></sect3>
    2017
    2118<sect3><title>chfn</title>
     19<para>chfn changes user full name, office number, office extension, and home
     20phone number information for a user's account.</para></sect3>
    2221
    23 <para>chfn changes user full name, office number, office extension, and home
    24 phone number information for a user's account.</para>
    25 
    26 </sect3>
     22<sect3><title>chpasswd</title>
     23<para>chpasswd reads a file of user name and password pairs from standard
     24input and uses this information to update a group of
     25existing users.</para></sect3>
    2726
    2827<sect3><title>chsh</title>
     28<para>chsh  changes the user login shell.</para></sect3>
    2929
    30 <para>chsh  changes the user login shell.</para>
    31 
    32 </sect3>
     30<sect3><title>dpasswd</title>
     31<para>dpasswd adds, deletes, and updates dial-up passwords for
     32user login shells.</para></sect3>
    3333
    3434<sect3><title>expiry</title>
    35 
    36 <para>Checks and enforces password expiration policy.</para>
    37 
    38 </sect3>
     35<para>Checks and enforces password expiration policy.</para></sect3>
    3936
    4037<sect3><title>faillog</title>
    41 
    4238<para>faillog formats the contents of the failure log,/var/log/faillog, and
    43 maintains failure counts and limits.</para>
    44 
    45 </sect3>
     39maintains failure counts and limits.</para></sect3>
    4640
    4741<sect3><title>gpasswd</title>
     42<para>gpasswd is used to administer the /etc/group file</para></sect3>
    4843
    49 <para>gpasswd is used to administer the /etc/group file</para>
     44<sect3><title>groupadd</title>
     45<para>The groupadd command creates a new group account using the values
     46specified on the command line and the default values from
     47the system.</para></sect3>
    5048
    51 </sect3>
     49<sect3><title>groupdel</title>
     50<para>The groupdel command modifies the system account files, deleting all
     51entries that refer to group.</para></sect3>
     52
     53<sect3><title>groupmod</title>
     54<para>The groupmod command modifies the system account files to reflect the
     55changes that are specified on the command line.</para></sect3>
     56
     57<sect3><title>grpck</title>
     58<para>grpck verifies the integrity of the system authentication
     59information.</para></sect3>
     60
     61<sect3><title>grpconv</title>
     62<para>grpunconv converts to shadow group files from normal
     63group files.</para></sect3>
     64
     65<sect3><title>grpunconv</title>
     66<para>grpunconv converts from shadow group files to normal
     67group files.</para></sect3>
    5268
    5369<sect3><title>lastlog</title>
    54 
    5570<para>lastlog formats and prints the contents of the last login log,
    5671/var/log/lastlog. The login-name, port, and last login time will be
    57 printed.</para>
    58 
    59 </sect3>
     72printed.</para></sect3>
    6073
    6174<sect3><title>login</title>
    62 
    63 <para>login is used to establish a new session with the system.</para>
    64 
    65 </sect3>
     75<para>login is used to establish a new session with the system.</para></sect3>
    6676
    6777<sect3><title>newgrp</title>
    68 
    6978<para>newgrp is used to change the current group ID during a
    70 login session.</para>
    71 
    72 </sect3>
     79login session.</para></sect3>
    7380
    7481<sect3><title>passwd</title>
    75 
    76 <para>passwd changes passwords for user and group accounts.</para>
    77 
    78 </sect3>
     82<para>passwd changes passwords for user and group accounts.</para></sect3>
    7983
    8084<sect3><title>sg</title>
    81 
    82 <para>sg executes command as a different group ID.</para>
    83 
    84 </sect3>
     85<para>sg executes command as a different group ID.</para></sect3>
    8586
    8687<sect3><title>su</title>
    87 
    8888<para>Change the effective user id and group id to that of a user. This
    89 replaces the su programs that's installed from the Shellutils package.</para>
    90 
    91 </sect3>
    92 
    93 <sect3><title>chpasswd</title>
    94 
    95 <para>chpasswd reads a file of user name and password pairs from standard
    96 input and uses this information to update a group of existing users.</para>
    97 
    98 </sect3>
    99 
    100 <sect3><title>dpasswd</title>
    101 
    102 <para>dpasswd adds, deletes, and updates dial-up passwords for
    103 user login shells.</para>
    104 
    105 </sect3>
    106 
    107 <sect3><title>groupadd</title>
    108 
    109 <para>The groupadd command creates a new group account using the values
    110 specified on the command line and the default values from the system.</para>
    111 
    112 </sect3>
    113 
    114 <sect3><title>groupdel</title>
    115 
    116 <para>The groupdel command modifies the system account files, deleting all
    117 entries that refer to group.</para>
    118 
    119 </sect3>
    120 
    121 <sect3><title>groupmod</title>
    122 
    123 <para>The groupmod command modifies the system account files to reflect the
    124 changes that are specified on the command line.</para>
    125 
    126 </sect3>
    127 
    128 <sect3><title>grpck</title>
    129 
    130 <para>grpck verifies the integrity of the system authentication
    131 information.</para>
    132 
    133 </sect3>
    134 
    135 <sect3><title>grpconv</title>
    136 
    137 <para>grpunconv converts to shadow group files from normal group files.</para>
    138 
    139 </sect3>
    140 
    141 <sect3><title>grpunconv</title>
    142 
    143 <para>grpunconv converts from shadow group files to normal group files.</para>
    144 
    145 </sect3>
     89replaces the su programs that's installed from the
     90Shellutils package.</para></sect3>
    14691
    14792<sect3><title>logoutd</title>
    148 
    14993<para>logoutd enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in
    150 /etc/porttime.</para>
    151 
    152 </sect3>
     94/etc/porttime.</para></sect3>
    15395
    15496<sect3><title>mkpasswd</title>
    155 
    15697<para>mkpasswd reads a file in the format given by the flags and converts it
    157 to the corresponding database file format.</para>
    158 
    159 </sect3>
     98to the corresponding database file format.</para></sect3>
    16099
    161100<sect3><title>newusers</title>
    162 
    163101<para>newusers reads a file of user name and clear text password pairs and uses
    164102this information to update a group of existing users or to create new
    165 users.</para>
    166 
    167 </sect3>
     103users.</para></sect3>
    168104
    169105<sect3><title>pwck</title>
    170 
    171106<para>pwck verifies the integrity of the system authentication
    172 information.</para>
    173 
    174 </sect3>
     107information.</para></sect3>
    175108
    176109<sect3><title>pwconv</title>
    177 
    178110<para>pwconv converts to shadow passwd files from normal passwd
    179 files.</para>
    180 
    181 </sect3>
     111files.</para></sect3>
    182112
    183113<sect3><title>pwunconv</title>
    184 
    185 <para>pwunconv converts from shadow passwd files to normal files.</para>
    186 
    187 </sect3>
     114<para>pwunconv converts from shadow passwd files to normal files.</para></sect3>
    188115
    189116<sect3><title>useradd</title>
    190 
    191 <para>useradd creates a new user or update default new user information.</para>
    192 
    193 </sect3>
     117<para>useradd creates a new user or update default new user
     118information.</para></sect3>
    194119
    195120<sect3><title>userdel</title>
    196 
    197121<para>userdel modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that
    198 refer to a specified login name.</para>
    199 
    200 </sect3>
     122refer to a specified login name.</para></sect3>
    201123
    202124<sect3><title>usermod</title>
    203 
    204125<para>usermod modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that
    205 are specified on the command line.</para>
    206 
    207 </sect3>
     126are specified on the command line.</para></sect3>
    208127
    209128<sect3><title>vipw and vigr</title>
    210 
    211129<para>vipw and vigr will edit the files /etc/passwd and /etc/group,
    212130respectively. With the -s flag, they will edit the shadow versions of
    213 those files, /etc/shadow  and /etc/gshadow,  respectively.</para>
    214 
    215 </sect3>
     131those files, /etc/shadow  and /etc/gshadow,  respectively.</para></sect3>
    216132
    217133</sect2>

  • appendixa/shellutils-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    1313
    1414<sect3><title>basename</title>
    15 
    16 <para>basename strips directory and suffixes from filenames.</para>
    17 
    18 </sect3>
     15<para>basename strips directory and suffixes from filenames.</para></sect3>
    1916
    2017<sect3><title>chroot</title>
    21 
    2218<para>chroot runs a command or interactive shell with special
    23 root directory.</para>
    24 
    25 </sect3>
     19root directory.</para></sect3>
    2620
    2721<sect3><title>date</title>
    28 
    2922<para>date displays the current time in a specified format, or sets
    30 the system date.</para>
    31 
    32 </sect3>
     23the system date.</para></sect3>
    3324
    3425<sect3><title>dirname</title>
    35 
    36 <para>dirname strips non-directory suffixes from file name.</para>
    37 
    38 </sect3>
     26<para>dirname strips non-directory suffixes from file name.</para></sect3>
    3927
    4028<sect3><title>echo</title>
    41 
    42 <para>echo displays a line of text.</para>
    43 
    44 </sect3>
     29<para>echo displays a line of text.</para></sect3>
    4530
    4631<sect3><title>env</title>
    47 
    48 <para>env runs a program in a modified environment.</para>
    49 
    50 </sect3>
     32<para>env runs a program in a modified environment.</para></sect3>
    5133
    5234<sect3><title>expr</title>
    53 
    54 <para>expr evaluates expressions.</para>
    55 
    56 </sect3>
     35<para>expr evaluates expressions.</para></sect3>
    5736
    5837<sect3><title>factor</title>
    59 
    60 <para>factor prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers.</para>
    61 
    62 </sect3>
     38<para>factor prints the prime factors of all specified
     39integer numbers.</para></sect3>
    6340
    6441<sect3><title>false</title>
    65 
    66 <para>false always exits with a status code indicating failure.</para>
    67 
    68 </sect3>
     42<para>false always exits with a status code indicating failure.</para></sect3>
    6943
    7044<sect3><title>groups</title>
    71 
    72 <para>groups prints the groups a user is in.</para>
    73 
    74 </sect3>
     45<para>groups prints the groups a user is in.</para></sect3>
    7546
    7647<sect3><title>hostid</title>
    77 
    7848<para>hostid prints the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) for the current
    79 host.</para>
    80 
    81 </sect3>
     49host.</para></sect3>
    8250
    8351<sect3><title>hostname</title>
    84 
    85 <para>hostname sets or prints the name of the current host system</para>
    86 
    87 </sect3>
     52<para>hostname sets or prints the name of the current host system</para></sect3>
    8853
    8954<sect3><title>id</title>
    90 
    9155<para>id prints the real and effective UIDs and GIDs of a user or the current
    92 user.</para>
    93 
    94 </sect3>
     56user.</para></sect3>
    9557
    9658<sect3><title>logname</title>
    97 
    98 <para>logname prints the current user's login name.</para>
    99 
    100 </sect3>
     59<para>logname prints the current user's login name.</para></sect3>
    10160
    10261<sect3><title>nice</title>
    103 
    104 <para>nice runs a program with modified scheduling priority.</para>
    105 
    106 </sect3>
     62<para>nice runs a program with modified scheduling priority.</para></sect3>
    10763
    10864<sect3><title>nohup</title>
    109 
    110 <para>nohup runs a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty</para>
    111 
    112 </sect3>
     65<para>nohup runs a command immune to hangups, with output to a
     66non-tty</para></sect3>
    11367
    11468<sect3><title>pathchk</title>
    115 
    116 <para>pathchk checks whether file names are valid or portable.</para>
    117 
    118 </sect3>
     69<para>pathchk checks whether file names are valid or portable.</para></sect3>
    11970
    12071<sect3><title>pinky</title>
    121 
    12272<para>pinky is a lightweight finger utility which retrieves information about
    123 a certain user</para>
    124 
    125 </sect3>
     73a certain user</para></sect3>
    12674
    12775<sect3><title>printenv</title>
    128 
    129 <para>printenv prints all or part of the environment.</para>
    130 
    131 </sect3>
     76<para>printenv prints all or part of the environment.</para></sect3>
    13277
    13378<sect3><title>printf</title>
    134 
    135 <para>printf formats and prints data (the same as the printf C function).</para>
    136 
    137 </sect3>
     79<para>printf formats and prints data (the same as the printf C
     80function).</para></sect3>
    13881
    13982<sect3><title>pwd</title>
    140 
    141 <para>pwd prints the name of the current/working directory</para>
    142 
    143 </sect3>
     83<para>pwd prints the name of the current/working directory</para></sect3>
    14484
    14585<sect3><title>seq</title>
    146 
    147 <para>seq prints numbers in a certain range with a certain increment.</para>
    148 
    149 </sect3>
     86<para>seq prints numbers in a certain range with a certain
     87increment.</para></sect3>
    15088
    15189<sect3><title>sleep</title>
    152 
    153 <para>sleep delays for a specified amount of time.</para>
    154 
    155 </sect3>
     90<para>sleep delays for a specified amount of time.</para></sect3>
    15691
    15792<sect3><title>stty</title>
    158 
    159 <para>stty changes and prints terminal line settings.</para>
    160 
    161 </sect3>
     93<para>stty changes and prints terminal line settings.</para></sect3>
    16294
    16395<sect3><title>su</title>
    164 
    165 <para>su runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs</para>
    166 
    167 </sect3>
     96<para>su runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs</para></sect3>
    16897
    16998<sect3><title>tee</title>
    170 
    17199<para>tee reads from standard input and writes to standard output and
    172 files.</para>
    173 
    174 </sect3>
     100files.</para></sect3>
    175101
    176102<sect3><title>test</title>
    177 
    178 <para>test checks file types and compares values.</para>
    179 
    180 </sect3>
     103<para>test checks file types and compares values.</para></sect3>
    181104
    182105<sect3><title>true</title>
    183 
    184 <para>True always exits with a status code indicating success.</para>
    185 
    186 </sect3>
     106<para>True always exits with a status code indicating success.</para></sect3>
    187107
    188108<sect3><title>tty</title>
    189 
    190109<para>tty prints the file name of the terminal connected to standard
    191 input.</para>
    192 
    193 </sect3>
     110input.</para></sect3>
    194111
    195112<sect3><title>uname</title>
    196 
    197 <para>uname prints system information.</para>
    198 
    199 </sect3>
     113<para>uname prints system information.</para></sect3>
    200114
    201115<sect3><title>uptime</title>
    202 
    203 <para>uptime tells how long the system has been running.</para>
    204 
    205 </sect3>
     116<para>uptime tells how long the system has been running.</para></sect3>
    206117
    207118<sect3><title>users</title>
    208 
    209119<para>users prints the user names of users currently logged in to the
    210 current host.</para>
    211 
    212 </sect3>
     120current host.</para></sect3>
    213121
    214122<sect3><title>who</title>
    215 
    216 <para>who shows who is logged on.</para>
    217 
    218 </sect3>
     123<para>who shows who is logged on.</para></sect3>
    219124
    220125<sect3><title>whoami</title>
    221 
    222 <para>whoami prints the user's effective userid.</para>
    223 
    224 </sect3>
     126<para>whoami prints the user's effective userid.</para></sect3>
    225127
    226128<sect3><title>yes</title>
    227 
    228 <para>yes outputs a string repeatedly until killed.</para>
    229 
    230 </sect3>
     129<para>yes outputs a string repeatedly until killed.</para></sect3>
    231130
    232131</sect2>

  • appendixa/sysklogd-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    99
    1010<sect3><title>klogd</title>
    11 
    1211<para>klogd is a system daemon which intercepts and logs Linux kernel
    13 messages.</para>
    14 
    15 </sect3>
     12messages.</para></sect3>
    1613
    1714<sect3><title>syslogd</title>
    18 
    1915<para>Syslogd provides a kind of logging that many modern programs use. Every
    2016logged message contains at least a time and a hostname field, normally a
    2117program name field, too, but that depends on how trusty the logging
    22 program is.</para>
    23 
    24 </sect3>
     18program is.</para></sect3>
    2519
    2620</sect2>

  • appendixa/sysvinit-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    22<title>Contents</title>
    33
    4 <para>The Sysvinit package contains the pidof, last, lastb, mesg, utmpdump,
    5 wall, halt, init, killall5, poweroff, reboot, runlevel, shutdown,
    6 sulogin and telinit programs.</para>
     4<para>The Sysvinit package contains the halt, init, killall5, last,
     5lastb, mesg, pidof, poweroff, reboot, runlevel, shutdown, sulogin,
     6telinit, utmpdump, wall,</para>
    77
    88</sect2>
    … …  
    1010<sect2><title>Description</title>
    1111
    12 <sect3><title>pidof</title>
    13 
    14 <para>Pidof finds the process id's (pids) of the named programs and prints
    15 those id's on standard output.</para>
    16 
    17 </sect3>
    18 
    19 <sect3><title>last</title>
    20 
    21 <para>last searches back through the file /var/log/wtmp (or the file designated
    22 by the -f flag) and displays a list of all users logged in (and  out)
    23 since that file was created.</para>
    24 
    25 </sect3>
    26 
    27 <sect3><title>lastb</title>
    28 
    29 <para>lastb is the same as last, except that by default it shows a log of the
    30 file /var/log/btmp, which contains all the bad login attempts.</para>
    31 
    32 </sect3>
    33 
    34 <sect3><title>mesg</title>
    35 
    36 <para>Mesg controls the access to the users terminal by others. It's typically
    37 used to allow or disallow other users to write to his terminal.</para>
    38 
    39 </sect3>
    40 
    41 <sect3><title>utmpdump</title>
    42 
    43 <para>utmpdumps prints the content of a file (usually /var/run/utmp) on
    44 standard output in a user friendly format.</para>
    45 
    46 </sect3>
    47 
    48 <sect3><title>wall</title>
    49 
    50 <para>Wall sends a message to everybody logged in with their mesg permission
    51 set to yes.</para>
    52 
    53 </sect3>
    54 
    5512<sect3><title>halt</title>
    56 
    5713<para>Halt notes that the system is being brought down in the file
    5814/var/log/wtmp, and then either tells the kernel to halt, reboot or
    5915poweroff the system. If halt or reboot is called when the system is not
    6016in runlevel 0 or 6, shutdown will be invoked instead (with
    61 the flag -h or -r).</para>
    62 
    63 </sect3>
     17the flag -h or -r).</para></sect3>
    6418
    6519<sect3><title>init</title>
    66 
    6720<para>Init is the parent of all processes. Its primary role is to create
    6821processes from  a  script  stored  in  the  file /etc/inittab. This 
    6922file usually has entries which cause init to spawn gettys on each line that
    7023users can log in. It also controls autonomous processes required by any
    71 particular system.</para>
    72 
    73 </sect3>
     24particular system.</para></sect3>
    7425
    7526<sect3><title>killall5</title>
    76 
    7727<para>killall5 is the SystemV killall command. It sends a signal to all
    7828processes except the processes in its own session, so it won't kill the
    79 shell that is running the script it was called from.</para>
     29shell that is running the script it was called from.</para></sect3>
    8030
    81 </sect3>
     31
     32<sect3><title>last</title>
     33<para>last searches back through the file /var/log/wtmp (or the file designated
     34by the -f flag) and displays a list of all users logged in (and  out)
     35since that file was created.</para></sect3>
     36
     37<sect3><title>lastb</title>
     38<para>lastb is the same as last, except that by default it shows a log of the
     39file /var/log/btmp, which contains all the bad login attempts.</para></sect3>
     40
     41<sect3><title>mesg</title>
     42<para>Mesg controls the access to the users terminal by others. It's typically
     43used to allow or disallow other users to write to his terminal.</para></sect3>
     44
     45<sect3><title>pidof</title>
     46<para>Pidof finds the process id's (pids) of the named programs and prints
     47those id's on standard output.</para></sect3>
    8248
    8349<sect3><title>poweroff</title>
    84 
    8550<para>poweroff is equivalent to shutdown -h -p now. It halts the computer and
    8651switches off the computer (when using an APM compliant BIOS and APM is
    87 enabled in the kernel).</para>
    88 
    89 </sect3>
     52enabled in the kernel).</para></sect3>
    9053
    9154<sect3><title>reboot</title>
    92 
    93 <para>reboot is equivalent to shutdown -r now. It reboots the computer.</para>
    94 
    95 </sect3>
     55<para>reboot is equivalent to shutdown -r now. It reboots
     56the computer.</para></sect3>
    9657
    9758<sect3><title>runlevel</title>
    98 
    9959<para>Runlevel reads the system utmp file (typically /var/run/utmp) to locate
    10060the runlevel record, and then prints the previous and current system
    101 runlevel on its standard  output, separated by a single space.</para>
    102 
    103 </sect3>
     61runlevel on its standard  output, separated by a single space.</para></sect3>
    10462
    10563<sect3><title>shutdown</title>
    106 
    10764<para>shutdown brings the system down in a secure way. All logged-in users are
    108 notified that the system is going down, and login is blocked.</para>
    109 
    110 </sect3>
     65notified that the system is going down, and login is blocked.</para></sect3>
    11166
    11267<sect3><title>sulogin</title>
    113 
    11468<para>sulogin is invoked by init when the system goes into single user mode
    11569(this is done through an entry in /etc/inittab). Init also tries to
    11670execute sulogin when it is passed the -b flag from the boot loader
    117 (eg, LILO).</para>
    118 
    119 </sect3>
     71(eg, LILO).</para></sect3>
    12072
    12173<sect3><title>telinit</title>
     74<para>telinit sends appropriate signals to init, telling it which runlevel to
     75change to.</para></sect3>
    12276
    123 <para>telinit sends appropriate signals to init, telling it which runlevel to
    124 change to.</para>
     77<sect3><title>utmpdump</title>
     78<para>utmpdumps prints the content of a file (usually /var/run/utmp) on
     79standard output in a user friendly format.</para></sect3>
    12580
    126 </sect3>
     81<sect3><title>wall</title>
     82<para>Wall sends a message to everybody logged in with their mesg permission
     83set to yes.</para></sect3>
    12784
    12885</sect2>

  • appendixa/tar-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    22<title>Contents</title>
    33
    4 <para>The tar package contains the tar and rmt programs.</para>
     4<para>The tar package contains the rmt and tar programs.</para>
    55
    66</sect2>
    … …  
    88<sect2><title>Description</title>
    99
    10 <sect3><title>tar</title>
    11 
    12 <para>tar is an archiving program designed to store and extract files from
    13 an archive file known as a tar file.</para>
    14 
    15 </sect3>
    16 
    1710<sect3><title>rmt</title>
    18 
    1911<para>rmt is a program used by the remote dump and restore programs in
    2012manipulating a magnetic tape drive through an interprocess communication
    21 connection.</para>
     13connection.</para></sect3>
    2214
    23 </sect3>
     15<sect3><title>tar</title>
     16<para>tar is an archiving program designed to store and extract files from
     17an archive file known as a tar file.</para></sect3>
    2418
    2519</sect2>

  • appendixa/texinfo-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    1111
    1212<sect3><title>info</title>
    13 
    1413<para>The info program reads Info documents, usually contained in the
    1514/usr/doc/info directory. Info documents are like man(ual) pages, but
    1615they tend to be more in depth than just explaining the options to a
    17 program.</para>
    18 
    19 </sect3>
     16program.</para></sect3>
    2017
    2118<sect3><title>install-info</title>
    22 
    2319<para>The install-info program updates the info entries. When the info
    2420program is run a list with available topics (ie: available info documents) will
    … …  
    2723to delete the topic in the index file as well. This program is used for
    2824that. It also works the other way around when info documents are
    29 added.</para>
    30 
    31 </sect3>
     25added.</para></sect3>
    3226
    3327<sect3><title>makeinfo</title>
    34 
    3528<para>The makeinfo program translates Texinfo source documents into various
    36 formats.  Available formats are: info files, plain text and HTML.</para>
    37 
    38 </sect3>
     29formats.  Available formats are: info files, plain text and HTML.</para></sect3>
    3930
    4031<sect3><title>texi2dvi</title>
    41 
    42 <para>The texi2dvi program prints Texinfo documents</para>
    43 
    44 </sect3>
     32<para>The texi2dvi program prints Texinfo documents</para></sect3>
    4533
    4634<sect3><title>texindex</title>
    47 
    48 <para>The texindex program is used to sort Texinfo index files.</para>
    49 
    50 </sect3>
     35<para>The texindex program is used to sort Texinfo index files.</para></sect3>
    5136
    5237</sect2>

  • appendixa/textutils-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    1111<title>Description</title>
    1212
    13 <sect3>
    14 <title>cat</title>
     13<sect3><title>cat</title>
     14<para>cat concatenates file(s) or standard input to
     15standard output.</para></sect3>
    1516
    16 <para>cat concatenates file(s) or standard input to standard output.</para>
     17<sect3><title>cksum</title>
     18<para>cksum prints CRC checksum and byte counts of each specified
     19file.</para></sect3>
    1720
    18 </sect3>
     21<sect3><title>comm</title>
     22<para>comm compares two sorted files line by line.</para></sect3>
    1923
    20 <sect3>
    21 <title>cksum</title>
    22 
    23 <para>cksum prints CRC checksum and byte counts of each specified file.</para>
    24 
    25 </sect3>
    26 
    27 <sect3>
    28 <title>comm</title>
    29 
    30 <para>comm compares two sorted files line by line.</para>
    31 
    32 </sect3>
    33 
    34 <sect3>
    35 <title>csplit</title>
    36 
     24<sect3><title>csplit</title>
    3725<para>csplit outputs pieces of a file separated  by (a) pattern(s) to files
    3826xx01, xx02, ..., and outputs byte counts of each piece to standard
    39 output.</para>
     27output.</para></sect3>
    4028
    41 </sect3>
     29<sect3><title>cut</title>
     30<para>cut prints selected parts of lines from specified files to standard
     31output.</para></sect3>
    4232
    43 <sect3>
    44 <title>cut</title>
     33<sect3><title>expand</title>
     34<para>expand converts  tabs in files to spaces, writing to standard
     35output.</para></sect3>
    4536
    46 <para>cut prints selected parts of lines from specified files to standard
    47 output.</para>
     37<sect3><title>fmt</title>
     38<para>fmt reformats each paragraph in the specified file(s), writing to
     39standard output.</para></sect3>
    4840
    49 </sect3>
     41<sect3><title>fold</title>
     42<para>fold wraps input lines in each specified file (standard input by default),
     43writing to standard output.</para></sect3>
    5044
    51 <sect3>
    52 <title>expand</title>
     45<sect3><title>head</title>
     46<para>Print first xx (10 by default) lines of each specified file to standard
     47output.</para></sect3>
    5348
    54 <para>expand converts  tabs in files to spaces, writing to standard
    55 output.</para>
     49<sect3><title>join</title>
     50<para>join joins lines of two files on a common field.</para></sect3>
    5651
    57 </sect3>
     52<sect3><title>md5sum</title>
     53<para>md5sum prints or checks MD5 checksums.</para></sect3>
    5854
    59 <sect3>
    60 <title>fmt</title>
     55<sect3><title>nl</title>
     56<para>nl writes each specified file to standard output, with line numbers
     57added.</para></sect3>
    6158
    62 <para>fmt reformats each paragraph in the specified file(s), writing to
    63 standard output.</para>
     59<sect3><title>od</title>
     60<para>od writes an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of a
     61specified file to standard output.</para></sect3>
    6462
    65 </sect3>
     63<sect3><title>paste</title>
     64<para>paste writes lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding
     65lines from each specified file, separated by TABs,
     66to standard output.</para></sect3>
    6667
    67 <sect3>
    68 <title>fold</title>
     68<sect3><title>pr</title>
     69<para>pr paginates or columnates files for printing.</para></sect3>
    6970
    70 <para>fold wraps input lines in each specified file (standard input by default),
    71 writing to standard output.</para>
     71<sect3><title>ptx</title>
     72<para>ptx produces a permuted index of file contents.</para></sect3>
    7273
    73 </sect3>
     74<sect3><title>sort</title>
     75<para>sort writes sorted concatenation of files to standard
     76output.</para></sect3>
    7477
    75 <sect3>
    76 <title>head</title>
     78<sect3><title>split</title>
     79<para>split outputs fixed-size pieces of an input file to
     80PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...</para></sect3>
    7781
    78 <para>Print first xx (10 by default) lines of each specified file to standard
    79 output.</para>
     82<sect3><title>sum</title>
     83<para>sum prints checksum and block counts for each specified
     84file.</para></sect3>
    8085
    81 </sect3>
     86<sect3><title>tac</title>
     87<para>tac writes each specified file to standard output, last line
     88first.</para></sect3>
    8289
    83 <sect3>
    84 <title>join</title>
     90<sect3><title>tail</title>
     91<para>tail print the last xx (10 by default) lines of each specified file to
     92standard output.</para></sect3>
    8593
    86 <para>join joins lines of two files on a common field.</para>
     94<sect3><title>tr</title>
     95<para>tr translates, squeezes, and/or deletes characters from standard
     96input, writing to standard output.</para></sect3>
    8797
    88 </sect3>
     98<sect3><title>tsort</title>
     99<para>tsort writes totally ordered lists consistent with the partial ordering
     100in specified files.</para></sect3>
    89101
    90 <sect3>
    91 <title>md5sum</title>
     102<sect3><title>unexpand</title>
     103<para>unexpand converts spaces in each file to tabs, writing to standard
     104output.</para></sect3>
    92105
    93 <para>md5sum prints or checks MD5 checksums.</para>
     106<sect3><title>uniq</title>
     107<para>Uniq removes duplicate lines from a sorted file.</para></sect3>
    94108
    95 </sect3>
    96 
    97 <sect3>
    98 <title>nl</title>
    99 
    100 <para>nl writes each specified file to standard output, with line numbers
    101 added.</para>
    102 
    103 </sect3>
    104 
    105 <sect3>
    106 <title>od</title>
    107 
    108 <para>od writes an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of a
    109 specified file to standard output.</para>
    110 
    111 </sect3>
    112 
    113 <sect3>
    114 <title>paste</title>
    115 
    116 <para>paste writes lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding
    117 lines from each specified file, separated by TABs, to standard output.</para>
    118 
    119 </sect3>
    120 
    121 <sect3>
    122 <title>pr</title>
    123 
    124 <para>pr paginates or columnates files for printing.</para>
    125 
    126 </sect3>
    127 
    128 <sect3>
    129 <title>ptx</title>
    130 
    131 <para>ptx produces a permuted index of file contents.</para>
    132 
    133 </sect3>
    134 
    135 <sect3>
    136 <title>sort</title>
    137 
    138 <para>sort writes sorted concatenation of files to standard output.</para>
    139 
    140 </sect3>
    141 
    142 <sect3>
    143 <title>split</title>
    144 
    145 <para>split outputs fixed-size pieces of an input file to
    146 PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...</para>
    147 
    148 </sect3>
    149 
    150 <sect3>
    151 <title>sum</title>
    152 
    153 <para>sum prints checksum and block counts for each specified file.</para>
    154 
    155 </sect3>
    156 
    157 <sect3>
    158 <title>tac</title>
    159 
    160 <para>tac writes each specified file to standard output, last line first.</para>
    161 
    162 </sect3>
    163 
    164 <sect3>
    165 <title>tail</title>
    166 
    167 <para>tail print the last xx (10 by default) lines of each specified file to
    168 standard output.</para>
    169 
    170 </sect3>
    171 
    172 <sect3>
    173 <title>tr</title>
    174 
    175 <para>tr translates, squeezes, and/or deletes characters from standard
    176 input, writing to standard output.</para>
    177 
    178 </sect3>
    179 
    180 <sect3>
    181 <title>tsort</title>
    182 
    183 <para>tsort writes totally ordered lists consistent with the partial ordering
    184 in specified files.</para>
    185 
    186 </sect3>
    187 
    188 <sect3>
    189 <title>unexpand</title>
    190 
    191 <para>unexpand converts spaces in each file to tabs, writing to standard
    192 output.</para>
    193 
    194 </sect3>
    195 
    196 <sect3>
    197 <title>uniq</title>
    198 
    199 <para>Uniq removes duplicate lines from a sorted file.</para>
    200 
    201 </sect3>
    202 
    203 <sect3>
    204 <title>wc</title>
    205 
     109<sect3><title>wc</title>
    206110<para>wc prints line, word, and byte counts for each specified file, and a
    207 total line if more than one file is specified.</para>
    208 
    209 </sect3>
     111total line if more than one file is specified.</para></sect3>
    210112
    211113</sect2>
    212 

  • appendixa/utillinux-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    22<title>Contents</title>
    33
    4 <para>The Util-linux package contains the arch, dmesg, kill, more,
    5 mount, umount, agetty, blockdev, cfdisk, ctrlaltdel, elvtune, fdisk,
    6 fsck.minix, hwclock, kbdrate, losetup, mkfs, mkfs.bfs, mkfs.minix,
    7 mkswap, sfdisk, swapoff, swapon, cal, chkdupexe, col, colcrt, colrm,
    8 column, cytune, ddate, fdformat, getopt, hexdump, ipcrm, ipcs, logger,
    9 look, mcookie, namei, rename, renice, rev, script, setfdprm, setsid,
    10 setterm, ul, whereis, write, ramsize, rdev, readprofile, rootflags,
    11 swapdev, tunelp and vidmode programs.</para>
     4<para>The Util-linux package contains the agetty, arch,
     5blockdev, cal, cfdisk, chkdupexe, col, colcrt, colrm, column,
     6ctrlaltdel, cytune, ddate, dmesg, elvtune, fdformat, fdisk,
     7fsck.minix, getopt, hexdump, hwclock, ipcrm, ipcs,
     8kbdrate, kill, logger, look, losetup,
     9mcookie, mkfs, mkfs.bfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap, more, mount, namei,
     10umount, ramsize, rdev, readprofile, rename, renice, rev, rootflags,
     11script, setfdprm, setsid, setterm, sfdisk, swapdev, swapoff, swapon,
     12tunelp, ul, vidmode, whereis, and write programs.</para>
    1213
    1314</sect2>
    … …  
    1617<title>Description</title>
    1718
    18 <sect3>
    19 <title>arch</title>
    20 
    21 <para>arch prints the machine architecture.</para>
    22 
    23 </sect3>
    24 
    25 <sect3>
    26 <title>dmesg</title>
    27 
     19<sect3><title>agetty</title>
     20<para>agetty opens a tty port, prompts for a login name and invokes the
     21/bin/login command.</para></sect3>
     22
     23<sect3><title>arch</title>
     24<para>arch prints the machine architecture.</para></sect3>
     25
     26<sect3><title>blockdev</title>
     27<para>blockdev allows to call block device ioctls from the command
     28line</para></sect3>
     29
     30<sect3><title>cal</title>
     31<para>cal displays a simple calender.</para></sect3>
     32
     33<sect3><title>cfdisk</title>
     34<para>cfdisk is an libncurses based disk partition table
     35manipulator.</para></sect3>
     36
     37<sect3><title>chkdupexe</title>
     38<para>chkdupexe finds duplicate executables.</para></sect3>
     39
     40<sect3><title>col</title>
     41<para>col filters reverse line feeds from input.</para></sect3>
     42
     43<sect3><title>colcrt</title>
     44<para>colcrt filters nroff output for CRT previewing.</para></sect3>
     45
     46<sect3><title>colrm</title>
     47<para>colrm removes columns from a file.</para></sect3>
     48
     49<sect3><title>column</title>
     50<para>column columnates lists.</para></sect3>
     51
     52<sect3><title>ctrlaltdel</title>
     53<para>ctrlaltdel sets the function of the CTRL+ALT+DEL key combination (hard
     54or soft reset).</para></sect3>
     55
     56<sect3><title>cytune</title>
     57<para>cytune queries and modifies the interruption threshold for the Cyclades
     58driver.</para></sect3>
     59
     60<sect3><title>ddate</title>
     61<para>ddate converts Gregorian dates to Discordian dates.</para></sect3>
     62
     63<sect3><title>dmesg</title>
    2864<para>dmesg is used to examine or control the kernel ring buffer (boot
    29 messages from the kernel).</para>
    30 
    31 </sect3>
    32 
    33 <sect3>
    34 <title>kill</title>
    35 
    36 <para>kill sends a specified signal to the specified process.</para>
    37 
    38 </sect3>
    39 
    40 <sect3>
    41 <title>more</title>
    42 
    43 <para>more is a filter for paging through text one screen full at a time.</para>
    44 
    45 </sect3>
    46 
    47 <sect3>
    48 <title>mount</title>
    49 
     65messages from the kernel).</para></sect3>
     66
     67<sect3><title>elvtune</title>
     68<para>elvtune allows to tune the I/O elevator per block device queue
     69basis.</para></sect3>
     70
     71<sect3><title>fdformat</title>
     72<para>fdformat low-level formats a floppy disk.</para></sect3>
     73
     74<sect3><title>fdisk</title>
     75<para>fdisk is a disk partition table manipulator.</para></sect3>
     76
     77<sect3><title>fsck.minix</title>
     78<para>fsck.minix performs a consistency check for the Linux MINIX
     79filesystem.</para></sect3>
     80
     81<sect3><title>getopt</title>
     82<para>getops parses command options the same way as the getopt C
     83command.</para></sect3>
     84
     85<sect3><title>hexdump</title>
     86<para>hexdump displays specified files, or standard input, in a user specified
     87format (ascii, decimal, hexadecimal, octal).</para></sect3>
     88
     89<sect3><title>hwclock</title>
     90<para>hwclock queries and sets the hardware clock (Also called the RTC or BIOS
     91clock).</para></sect3>
     92
     93<sect3><title>ipcrm</title>
     94<para>ipcrm removes a specified resource.</para></sect3>
     95
     96<sect3><title>ipcs</title>
     97<para>ipcs provides information on IPC facilities.</para></sect3>
     98
     99<sect3><title>kbdrate</title>
     100<para>kbdrate resets the keyboard repeat rate and delay time.</para></sect3>
     101
     102<sect3><title>kill</title>
     103<para>kill sends a specified signal to the specified process.</para></sect3>
     104
     105<sect3><title>logger</title>
     106<para>logger makes entries in the system log.</para></sect3>
     107
     108<sect3><title>look</title>
     109<para>look displays lines beginning with a given string.</para></sect3>
     110
     111<sect3><title>losetup</title>
     112<para>losetup sets up and controls loop devices.</para></sect3>
     113
     114<sect3><title>mcookie</title>
     115<para>mcookie generates magic cookies for xauth.</para></sect3>
     116
     117<sect3><title>mkfs</title>
     118<para>mkfs builds a Linux filesystem on a device, usually a harddisk
     119partition.</para></sect3>
     120
     121<sect3><title>mkfs.bfs</title>
     122<para>mkfs.bfs creates a SCO bfs file system on a device, usually a harddisk
     123partition.</para></sect3>
     124
     125<sect3><title>mkfs.minix</title>
     126<para>mkfs.minix creates a Linux MINIX filesystem on a device, usually a
     127harddisk partition.</para></sect3>
     128
     129<sect3><title>mkswap</title>
     130<para>mkswap sets up a Linux swap area on a device or in a file.</para></sect3>
     131
     132<sect3><title>more</title>
     133<para>more is a filter for paging through text one screen full at a
     134time.</para></sect3>
     135
     136<sect3><title>mount</title>
    50137<para>mount mounts a filesystem from a device to a directory (mount
    51 point).</para>
    52 
    53 </sect3>
    54 
    55 <sect3>
    56 <title>umount</title>
    57 
    58 <para>umount unmounts a mounted filesystem.</para>
    59 
    60 </sect3>
    61 
    62 <sect3>
    63 <title>agetty</title>
    64 
    65 <para>agetty opens a tty port, prompts for a login name and invokes the
    66 /bin/login command.</para>
    67 
    68 </sect3>
    69 
    70 <sect3>
    71 <title>blockdev</title>
    72 
    73 <para>blockdev allows to call block device ioctls from the command
    74 line</para>
    75 
    76 </sect3>
    77 
    78 <sect3>
    79 <title>cfdisk</title>
    80 
    81 <para>cfdisk is an libncurses based disk partition table manipulator.</para>
    82 
    83 </sect3>
    84 
    85 <sect3>
    86 <title>ctrlaltdel</title>
    87 
    88 <para>ctrlaltdel sets the function of the CTRL+ALT+DEL key combination (hard
    89 or soft reset).</para>
    90 
    91 </sect3>
    92 
    93 <sect3>
    94 <title>elvtune</title>
    95 
    96 <para>elvtune allows to tune the I/O elevator per block device queue
    97 basis.</para>
    98 
    99 </sect3>
    100 
    101 <sect3>
    102 <title>fdisk</title>
    103 
    104 <para>fdisk is a disk partition table manipulator.</para>
    105 
    106 </sect3>
    107 
    108 <sect3>
    109 <title>fsck.minix</title>
    110 
    111 <para>fsck.minix performs a consistency check for the Linux MINIX
    112 filesystem.</para>
    113 
    114 </sect3>
    115 
    116 <sect3>
    117 <title>hwclock</title>
    118 
    119 <para>hwclock queries and sets the hardware clock (Also called the RTC or BIOS
    120 clock).</para>
    121 
    122 </sect3>
    123 
    124 <sect3>
    125 <title>kbdrate</title>
    126 
    127 <para>kbdrate resets the keyboard repeat rate and delay time.</para>
    128 
    129 </sect3>
    130 
    131 <sect3>
    132 <title>losetup</title>
    133 
    134 <para>losetup sets up and controls loop devices.</para>
    135 
    136 </sect3>
    137 
    138 <sect3>
    139 <title>mkfs</title>
    140 
    141 <para>mkfs builds a Linux filesystem on a device, usually a harddisk
    142 partition.</para>
    143 
    144 </sect3>
    145 
    146 <sect3>
    147 <title>mkfs.bfs</title>
    148 
    149 <para>mkfs.bfs creates a SCO bfs file system on a device, usually a harddisk
    150 partition.</para>
    151 
    152 </sect3>
    153 
    154 <sect3>
    155 <title>mkfs.minix</title>
    156 
    157 <para>mkfs.minix creates a Linux MINIX filesystem on a device, usually a
    158 harddisk partition.</para>
    159 
    160 </sect3>
    161 
    162 <sect3>
    163 <title>mkswap</title>
    164 
    165 <para>mkswap sets up a Linux swap area on a device or in a file.</para>
    166 
    167 </sect3>
    168 
    169 <sect3>
    170 <title>sfdisk</title>
    171 
    172 <para>sfdisk is a disk partition table manipulator.</para>
    173 
    174 </sect3>
    175 
    176 <sect3>
    177 <title>swapoff</title>
    178 
    179 <para>swapoff disables devices and files for paging and swapping.</para>
    180 
    181 </sect3>
    182 
    183 <sect3>
    184 <title>swapon</title>
    185 
    186 <para>swapon enables devices and files for paging and swapping.</para>
    187 
    188 </sect3>
    189 
    190 <sect3>
    191 <title>cal</title>
    192 
    193 <para>cal displays a simple calender.</para>
    194 
    195 </sect3>
    196 
    197 <sect3>
    198 <title>chkdupexe</title>
    199 
    200 <para>chkdupexe finds duplicate executables.</para>
    201 
    202 </sect3>
    203 
    204 <sect3>
    205 <title>col</title>
    206 
    207 <para>col filters reverse line feeds from input.</para>
    208 
    209 </sect3>
    210 
    211 <sect3>
    212 <title>colcrt</title>
    213 
    214 <para>colcrt filters nroff output for CRT previewing.</para>
    215 
    216 </sect3>
    217 
    218 <sect3>
    219 <title>colrm</title>
    220 
    221 <para>colrm removes columns from a file.</para>
    222 
    223 </sect3>
    224 
    225 <sect3>
    226 <title>column</title>
    227 
    228 <para>column columnates lists.</para>
    229 
    230 </sect3>
    231 
    232 <sect3>
    233 <title>cytune</title>
    234 
    235 <para>cytune queries and modifies the interruption threshold for the Cyclades
    236 driver.</para>
    237 
    238 </sect3>
    239 
    240 <sect3>
    241 <title>ddate</title>
    242 
    243 <para>ddate converts Gregorian dates to Discordian dates.</para>
    244 
    245 </sect3>
    246 
    247 <sect3>
    248 <title>fdformat</title>
    249 
    250 <para>fdformat low-level formats a floppy disk.</para>
    251 
    252 </sect3>
    253 
    254 <sect3>
    255 <title>getopt</title>
    256 
    257 <para>getops parses command options the same way as the getopt C command.</para>
    258 
    259 </sect3>
    260 
    261 <sect3>
    262 <title>hexdump</title>
    263 
    264 <para>hexdump displays specified files, or standard input, in a user specified
    265 format (ascii, decimal, hexadecimal, octal).</para>
    266 
    267 </sect3>
    268 
    269 <sect3>
    270 <title>ipcrm</title>
    271 
    272 <para>ipcrm removes a specified resource.</para>
    273 
    274 </sect3>
    275 
    276 <sect3>
    277 <title>ipcs</title>
    278 
    279 <para>ipcs provides information on IPC facilities.</para>
    280 
    281 </sect3>
    282 
    283 <sect3>
    284 <title>logger</title>
    285 
    286 <para>logger makes entries in the system log.</para>
    287 
    288 </sect3>
    289 
    290 <sect3>
    291 <title>look</title>
    292 
    293 <para>look displays lines beginning with a given string.</para>
    294 
    295 </sect3>
    296 
    297 <sect3>
    298 <title>mcookie</title>
    299 
    300 <para>mcookie generates magic cookies for xauth.</para>
    301 
    302 </sect3>
    303 
    304 <sect3>
    305 <title>namei</title>
    306 
    307 <para>namei follows a pathname until a terminal point is found.</para>
    308 
    309 </sect3>
    310 
    311 <sect3>
    312 <title>rename</title>
    313 
    314 <para>rename renames files.</para>
    315 
    316 </sect3>
    317 
    318 <sect3>
    319 <title>renice</title>
    320 
    321 <para>renice alters priority of running processes.</para>
    322 
    323 </sect3>
    324 
    325 <sect3>
    326 <title>rev</title>
    327 
    328 <para>rev reverses lines of a file.</para>
    329 
    330 </sect3>
    331 
    332 <sect3>
    333 <title>script</title>
    334 
    335 <para>script makes typescript of terminal session.</para>
    336 
    337 </sect3>
    338 
    339 <sect3>
    340 <title>setfdprm</title>
    341 
    342 <para>setfdprm sets user-provides floppy disk parameters.</para>
    343 
    344 </sect3>
    345 
    346 <sect3>
    347 <title>setsid</title>
    348 
    349 <para>setsid runs programs in a new session.</para>
    350 
    351 </sect3>
    352 
    353 <sect3>
    354 <title>setterm</title>
    355 
    356 <para>setterm sets terminal attributes.</para>
    357 
    358 </sect3>
    359 
    360 <sect3>
    361 <title>ul</title>
    362 
     138point).</para></sect3>
     139
     140<sect3><title>namei</title>
     141<para>namei follows a pathname until a terminal point is found.</para></sect3>
     142
     143<sect3><title>umount</title>
     144<para>umount unmounts a mounted filesystem.</para></sect3>
     145
     146<sect3><title>ramsize</title>
     147<para>ramsize queries and sets RAM disk size.</para></sect3>
     148
     149<sect3><title>rdev</title>
     150<para>rdev queries and sets image root device, swap device, RAM disk size, or
     151video mode.</para></sect3>
     152
     153<sect3><title>readprofile</title>
     154<para>readprofile reads kernel profiling information.</para></sect3>
     155
     156<sect3><title>rename</title>
     157<para>rename renames files.</para></sect3>
     158
     159<sect3><title>renice</title>
     160<para>renice alters priority of running processes.</para></sect3>
     161
     162<sect3><title>rev</title>
     163<para>rev reverses lines of a file.</para></sect3>
     164
     165<sect3><title>rootflags</title>
     166<para>rootflags queries and sets extra information used when mounting
     167root.</para></sect3>
     168
     169<sect3><title>script</title>
     170<para>script makes typescript of terminal session.</para></sect3>
     171
     172<sect3><title>setfdprm</title>
     173<para>setfdprm sets user-provides floppy disk parameters.</para></sect3>
     174
     175<sect3><title>setsid</title>
     176<para>setsid runs programs in a new session.</para></sect3>
     177
     178<sect3><title>setterm</title>
     179<para>setterm sets terminal attributes.</para></sect3>
     180
     181<sect3><title>sfdisk</title>
     182<para>sfdisk is a disk partition table manipulator.</para></sect3>
     183
     184<sect3><title>swapdev</title>
     185<para>swapdev queries and sets swap device.</para></sect3>
     186
     187<sect3><title>swapoff</title>
     188<para>swapoff disables devices and files for paging and swapping.</para></sect3>
     189
     190<sect3><title>swapon</title>
     191<para>swapon enables devices and files for paging and swapping.</para></sect3>
     192
     193<sect3><title>tunelp</title>
     194<para>tunelp sets various parameters for the LP device.</para></sect3>
     195
     196<sect3><title>ul</title>
    363197<para>ul reads a file and translates occurrences of underscores to the sequence
    364 which indicates underlining for the terminal in use.</para>
    365 
    366 </sect3>
    367 
    368 <sect3>
    369 <title>whereis</title>
    370 
    371 <para>whereis locates a binary, source and manual page for a command.</para>
    372 
    373 </sect3>
    374 
    375 <sect3>
    376 <title>write</title>
    377 
    378 <para>write sends a message to another user.</para>
    379 
    380 </sect3>
    381 
    382 <sect3>
    383 <title>ramsize</title>
    384 
    385 <para>ramsize queries and sets RAM disk size.</para>
    386 
    387 </sect3>
    388 
    389 <sect3>
    390 <title>rdev</title>
    391 
    392 <para>rdev queries and sets image root device, swap device, RAM disk size, or
    393 video mode.</para>
    394 
    395 </sect3>
    396 
    397 <sect3>
    398 <title>readprofile</title>
    399 
    400 <para>readprofile reads kernel profiling information.</para>
    401 
    402 </sect3>
    403 
    404 <sect3>
    405 <title>rootflags</title>
    406 
    407 <para>rootflags queries and sets extra information used when mounting
    408 root.</para>
    409 
    410 </sect3>
    411 
    412 <sect3>
    413 <title>swapdev</title>
    414 
    415 <para>swapdev queries and sets swap device.</para>
    416 
    417 </sect3>
    418 
    419 <sect3>
    420 <title>tunelp</title>
    421 
    422 <para>tunelp sets various parameters for the LP device.</para>
    423 
    424 </sect3>
    425 
    426 <sect3>
    427 <title>vidmode</title>
    428 
    429 <para>vidmode queries and sets the video mode.</para>
    430 
    431 </sect3>
     198which indicates underlining for the terminal in use.</para></sect3>
     199
     200<sect3><title>vidmode</title>
     201<para>vidmode queries and sets the video mode.</para></sect3>
     202
     203<sect3><title>whereis</title>
     204<para>whereis locates a binary, source and manual page for a
     205command.</para></sect3>
     206
     207<sect3><title>write</title>
     208<para>write sends a message to another user.</para></sect3>
    432209
    433210</sect2>

  • appendixa/vim-desc.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    1010<title>Description</title>
    1111
    12 <sect3>
    13 <title>ex</title>
     12<sect3><title>ex</title>
     13<para>ex starts vim in Ex mode.</para></sect3>
    1414
    15 <para>ex starts vim in Ex mode.</para>
     15<sect3><title>gview</title>
     16<para>gview is the GUI version of view.</para></sect3>
    1617
    17 </sect3>
     18<sect3><title>gvim</title>
     19<para>gvim is the GUI version of vim.</para></sect3>
    1820
    19 <sect3>
    20 <title>gview</title>
     21<sect3><title>rgview</title>
     22<para>rgview is the GUI version of rview.</para></sect3>
    2123
    22 <para>gview is the GUI version of view.</para>
     24<sect3><title>rgvim</title>
     25<para>rgvim is the GUI version of rvim.</para></sect3>
    2326
    24 </sect3>
     27<sect3><title>rview</title>
     28<para>rview is a restricted version of view. No shell commands can be started
     29and Vim can't be suspended.</para></sect3>
    2530
    26 <sect3>
    27 <title>gvim</title>
     31<sect3><title>rvim</title>
     32<para>rvim is the restricted version of vim. No shell commands can be started
     33and Vim can't be suspended.</para></sect3>
    2834
    29 <para>gvim is the GUI version of vim.</para>
     35<sect3><title>view</title>
     36<para>view starts vim in read-only mode.</para></sect3>
    3037
    31 </sect3>
     38<sect3><title>vim</title>
     39<para>vim starts vim in the normal, default way.</para></sect3>
    3240
    33 <sect3>
    34 <title>rgview</title>
     41<sect3><title>vimtutor</title>
     42<para>vimtutor starts the Vim tutor.</para></sect3>
    3543
    36 <para>rgview is the GUI version of rview.</para>
    37 
    38 </sect3>
    39 
    40 <sect3>
    41 <title>rgvim</title>
    42 
    43 <para>rgvim is the GUI version of rvim.</para>
    44 
    45 </sect3>
    46 
    47 <sect3>
    48 <title>rview</title>
    49 
    50 <para>rview is a restricted version of view. No shell commands can be started
    51 and Vim can't be suspended.</para>
    52 
    53 </sect3>
    54 
    55 <sect3>
    56 <title>rvim</title>
    57 
    58 <para>rvim is the restricted version of vim. No shell commands can be started
    59 and Vim can't be suspended.</para>
    60 
    61 </sect3>
    62 
    63 <sect3>
    64 <title>view</title>
    65 
    66 <para>view starts vim in read-only mode.</para>
    67 
    68 </sect3>
    69 
    70 <sect3>
    71 <title>vim</title>
    72 
    73 <para>vim starts vim in the normal, default way.</para>
    74 
    75 </sect3>
    76 
    77 <sect3>
    78 <title>vimtutor</title>
    79 
    80 <para>vimtutor starts the Vim tutor.</para>
    81 
    82 </sect3>
    83 
    84 <sect3>
    85 <title>xxd</title>
    86 
    87 <para>xxd makes a hexdump or does the reverse.</para>
    88 
    89 </sect3>
     44<sect3><title>xxd</title>
     45<para>xxd makes a hexdump or does the reverse.</para></sect3>
    9046
    9147</sect2>

  • chapter01/changelog.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    33
    44<para>&version; - &releasedate;</para>
     5
     6<itemizedlist>
     7
     8<listitem><para>September 23rd, 2001 [markh]: Appendix A: Re-ordered the
     9descriptions into alphabetical order.</para></listitem>
     10
     11</itemizedlist>
     12
     13<para>3.0 - September 22nd, 2001</para>
    514
    615<itemizedlist>

  • index.xml

    reb33fb1 r53ad30a  
    55<!ENTITY book SYSTEM "book/book.xml">
    66
    7 <!ENTITY version "20010921">
    8 <!ENTITY releasedate "September 21st, 2001">
     7<!ENTITY version "20010923">
     8<!ENTITY releasedate "September 23rd, 2001">
    99
    1010<!ENTITY ftp-root "ftp://ftp.linuxfromscratch.org">
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