1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 |
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7 | <!ENTITY ppp-download-http "http://samba.org/ftp/ppp/ppp-&ppp-version;.tar.gz">
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8 | <!ENTITY ppp-download-ftp "&gentoo-ftp-repo;/ppp-&ppp-version;.tar.gz">
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9 | <!ENTITY ppp-md5sum "183800762e266132218b204dfb428d29">
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10 | <!ENTITY ppp-size "673 KB">
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11 | <!ENTITY ppp-buildsize "5.6 MB">
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12 | <!ENTITY ppp-time "0.1 SBU">
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13 | ]>
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14 |
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15 | <sect1 id="ppp" xreflabel="PPP-&ppp-version;">
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16 | <?dbhtml filename="ppp.html"?>
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17 |
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18 | <sect1info>
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19 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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20 | <date>$Date$</date>
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21 | </sect1info>
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22 |
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23 | <title>PPP-&ppp-version;</title>
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24 |
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25 | <indexterm zone="ppp">
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26 | <primary sortas="a-PPP">PPP</primary>
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27 | </indexterm>
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28 |
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29 | <sect2 role="package">
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30 | <title>Introduction to PPP</title>
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31 |
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32 | <para>The <application>PPP</application> package contains the
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33 | <command>pppd</command> daemon and the <command>chat</command>
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34 | program. This is used for connecting to other machines; often for connecting to
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35 | the Internet via a dial-up or PPPoE connection to an ISP.</para>
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36 |
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37 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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38 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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39 | <listitem>
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40 | <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&ppp-download-http;"/></para>
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41 | </listitem>
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42 | <listitem>
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43 | <para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&ppp-download-ftp;"/></para>
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44 | </listitem>
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45 | <listitem>
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46 | <para>Download MD5 sum: &ppp-md5sum;</para>
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47 | </listitem>
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48 | <listitem>
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49 | <para>Download size: &ppp-size;</para>
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50 | </listitem>
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51 | <listitem>
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52 | <para>Estimated disk space required: &ppp-buildsize;</para>
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53 | </listitem>
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54 | <listitem>
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55 | <para>Estimated build time: &ppp-time;</para>
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56 | </listitem>
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57 | </itemizedlist>
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58 |
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59 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">PPP Dependencies</bridgehead>
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60 |
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61 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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62 | <para role="optional"><xref linkend="libpcap"/> (needed to do PPP filtering),
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63 | <xref linkend="linux-pam"/> (to authenticate incoming calls using PAM),
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64 | and <ulink url="http://linux-atm.sourceforge.net/">Linux ATM</ulink> (to
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65 | build the pppoatm.so plugin)</para>
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66 |
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67 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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68 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/PPP"/></para>
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69 |
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70 | </sect2>
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71 |
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72 | <sect2 role="installation">
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73 | <title>Installation of PPP</title>
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74 |
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75 | <note id="ppp-kernel">
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76 | <para><application>PPP</application> support (CONFIG_PPP),
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77 | the asynchronous line discipline (CONFIG_PPP_ASYNC), and the
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78 | driver for your serial port device must be
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79 | compiled into the kernel or loaded as a kernel module.
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80 | Udev doesn't load the ppp_generic module automatically, it must be
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81 | mentioned in the <filename>/etc/sysconfig/modules</filename> file.</para>
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82 | </note>
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83 |
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84 | <indexterm zone="ppp ppp-kernel">
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85 | <primary sortas="d-PPP-support">PPP support</primary>
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86 | </indexterm>
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87 |
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88 | <para>Install <application>PPP</application> by running the
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89 | following commands:</para>
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90 |
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91 | <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr &&
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92 | make</userinput></screen>
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93 |
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94 | <para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para>
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95 |
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96 | <para>Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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97 |
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98 | <screen role='root'><userinput>groupadd -g 52 pppusers &&
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99 | make install &&
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100 | <!-- FIXME: is "make install-etcppp" needed for KPPP/WvDial?
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101 | The example configuration below overwrites two of three files, and
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102 | already includes the "lock" option in each peer file
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103 | -->make install-etcppp &&
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104 | install -m755 scripts/{pon,poff,plog} /usr/bin &&
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105 | instal -m644 scripts/pon.1 /usr/share/man/man1</userinput></screen>
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106 |
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107 | </sect2>
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108 |
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109 | <sect2 role="commands">
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110 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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111 |
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112 | <para><command>make install-etcppp</command>: This command puts example
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113 | configuration files in <filename class="directory">/etc/ppp</filename>.</para>
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114 |
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115 | <!-- FIXME: the three options below are taken from pppd/Makefile.linux file.
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116 | They have not been tested. There are other options, such as USE_SRP=y,
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117 | that cannot work (in this case, because libsrp is not available from
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118 | anywhere) - Alexander E. Patrakov -->
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119 |
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120 | <para><parameter>USE_PAM=y</parameter>: Add this argument to the
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121 | <command>make</command> command to compile in support for PAM, usually
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122 | needed for authenticating inbound calls against a central database.</para>
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123 |
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124 | <para><parameter>HAVE_INET6=y</parameter>: Add this argument to the
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125 | <command>make</command> command to compile in support for IPv6.</para>
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126 |
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127 | <para><parameter>CBCP=y</parameter>: Add this argument to the
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128 | <command>make</command> command to compile in support for
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129 | Microsoft proprietary Callback Control Protocol.</para>
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130 |
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131 | </sect2>
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132 |
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133 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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134 | <title>Configuring PPP</title>
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135 |
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136 | <sect3 id="ppp-config">
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137 | <title>Config Files</title>
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138 |
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139 | <para><filename>/etc/ppp/*</filename></para>
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140 |
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141 | <indexterm zone="ppp ppp-config">
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142 | <primary sortas="e-etc-ppp-star">/etc/ppp/*</primary>
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143 | </indexterm>
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144 |
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145 | </sect3>
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146 |
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147 | <sect3>
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148 | <title>Configuration Information</title>
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149 |
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150 | <para>The <application>PPP</application> daemon requires some
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151 | configuration. The main trick is scripting the connection.
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152 | For dialup and GPRS connections, this can be done
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153 | either using the <command>chat</command> program which comes with
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154 | this package, or by using external tools such as <xref linkend="wvdial"/>
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155 | or <application>KPPP</application> from
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156 | <xref linkend="kdenetwork"/>. The text below explains how to set up
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157 | <!-- PPPoE, --> dialup and GPRS connections using only tools provided with
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158 | the <application>PPP</application> package. All configuration steps
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159 | in this section are executed as
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160 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user.</para>
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161 |
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162 | <sect4>
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163 | <title>Setting the passwords</title>
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164 |
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165 | <para>Passwords are stored in <filename>/etc/ppp/pap-secrets</filename>
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166 | and <filename>/etc/ppp/chap-secrets</filename> files, depending on the
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167 | authentication method used by the ISP. If in doubt, place the password
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168 | into both files. E.g., if the username given by the ISP is
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169 | <quote>jdoe</quote>, the password is <quote>guessit</quote>, the
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170 | ISP uses PAP and the user wants to name this account
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171 | <quote>dialup</quote> in order to distinguish it from other PPP accounts,
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172 | the following file has to be created:</para>
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173 | <screen role="root"><userinput>touch /etc/ppp/pap-secrets
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174 | chmod 600 /etc/ppp/pap-secrets
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175 | cat >>/etc/ppp/pap-secrets <<"EOF"</userinput>
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176 | <literal># username remotename password IP for the peer
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177 | jdoe dialup guessit *</literal>
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178 | <userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
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179 | </sect4>
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180 |
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181 | <sect4>
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182 | <title>DNS Server Configuration</title>
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183 |
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184 | <para>If you don't run your own caching DNS server, create a simple
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185 | <command>ip-up</command> script (to be called by <command>pppd</command>
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186 | automatically once the connection is brought up) that populates the
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187 | <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> file with nameservers specified
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188 | by the ISP.</para>
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189 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat >/etc/ppp/ip-up <<"EOF"</userinput>
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190 | <literal>#!/bin/sh
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191 | if [ "$USEPEERDNS" = "1" ] && [ -s /etc/ppp/resolv.conf ]
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192 | then
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193 | install -m 644 /etc/ppp/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
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194 | fi</literal>
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195 | <userinput>EOF
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196 | chmod 755 /etc/ppp/ip-up</userinput></screen>
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197 | <para>If you use a caching DNS server such as <xref linkend="bind"/>
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198 | or <ulink url="http://www.phys.uu.nl/~rombouts/pdnsd.html">Pdnsd</ulink>,
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199 | the script above is wrong for you. In such case, write your
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200 | own script that tells your caching nameserver to forward queries to
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201 | upstream DNS servers specified in the $DNS1 and $DNS2 environment
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202 | variables.</para>
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203 | <!-- FIXME: write the replacement script that works with Bind -->
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204 | </sect4>
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205 |
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206 | <sect4>
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207 | <title>Dialup Modem Connection</title>
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208 | <!-- This section has been tested with various ISPs in Yekaterinburg,
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209 | Russia using Lucent WinModem. I cannot test it anymore, because
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210 | there is no free PCI slot for the modem in my new computer. However,
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211 | it is similar enough to GPRS for me to be sure that it still works,
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212 | and nobody complained about non-working dialup on the LFS LiveCD.
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213 | - Alexander E. Patrakov -->
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214 |
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215 | <para>Dialup connections are established with the help of a modem
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216 | connected to a computer and the telephone line. The modem dials a
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217 | telephone number of the ISP's modem, and they exchange data using
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218 | the signal frequencies 300-4000 Hz. Typical data transfer
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219 | rate is 40-50 kilobits per second, and the gateway ping time
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220 | (latency) is up to 300-400 ms. In order to configure the
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221 | dialup connection, it is required to know the telephone number of
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222 | the ISP's modem pool, the username and the password.</para>
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223 |
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224 | <para>In order to configure a dialup connection, two files have to
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225 | be created: a chat script that automates the connection procedure
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226 | (common for all dialup accounts), and a peer file that provides
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227 | configuration information about a specific connection to
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228 | <command>pppd</command>:</para>
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229 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat $gt;/etc/ppp/dialup.chat <<"EOF"</userinput>
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230 | <literal>ABORT BUSY ABORT 'NO CARRIER' ABORT VOICE ABORT 'NO DIALTONE'
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231 | ABORT 'NO DIAL TONE' ABORT 'NO ANSWER' ABORT DELAYED
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232 | ABORT ERROR ABORT BLACKLISTED
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233 |
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234 | TIMEOUT 5
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235 | '' AT
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236 | # \T is the phone number, passed from /etc/ppp/peers/<replaceable>dialup</replaceable>
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237 | OK-+++\dATH0-OK ATD\T
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238 | TIMEOUT 75
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239 | CONNECT \d\c</literal>
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240 | <userinput>EOF
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241 |
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242 | cat >/etc/ppp/peers/<replaceable>dialup</replaceable> <<"EOF"</userinput>
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243 | <literal># Your username at the ISP
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244 | user "<replaceable>jdoe</replaceable>"
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245 | # What should be in the second column in /etc/ppp/*-secrets
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246 | remotename "<replaceable>dialup</replaceable>"
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247 | # Replace <replaceable>TTTTTTT</replaceable> with the ISP phone number
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248 | connect "/usr/sbin/chat -T <replaceable>TTTTTTT</replaceable> -f /etc/ppp/dialup.chat"
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249 |
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250 | # Specify your modem serial port and speed below
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251 | <replaceable>/dev/ttyS0</replaceable>
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252 | <replaceable>115200</replaceable>
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253 |
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254 | # The settings below usually don't need to be changed
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255 | updetach
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256 | noauth
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257 | hide-password
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258 | debug
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259 | lock
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260 | defaultroute
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261 | noipdefault
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262 | usepeerdns</literal>
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263 | <userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
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264 |
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265 | <para>The first three lines of the
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266 | <filename>/etc/ppp/dialup.chat</filename> file abort the script when
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267 | it receives an indication of an error from the modem. Then the timeout
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268 | is set to 5 seconds and the script checks that the modem responds to
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269 | the dummy AT command at all. If not, measures are taken to dewedge it
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270 | (by interrupting the data transfer and going on hook). Then the
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271 | telephone number is dialed, and the script waits for the answer for
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272 | 75 seconds. The serial connection is considered established when the
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273 | modem sends the string CONNECT.</para>
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274 |
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275 | </sect4>
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276 |
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277 | <sect4>
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278 | <title>GPRS and EDGE Connections</title>
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279 | <!-- This section has been tested with GPRS service from MOTIV in
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280 | Yekaterinburg, Russia. According to forum messages, the procedure
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281 | also works with EDGE, but my cellular phone (Motorola C350) does not
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282 | support EDGE. - Alexander E. Patrakov -->
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283 |
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284 | <para>GPRS and EDGE connections are established with the help of a
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285 | cellular phone connected to a computer via serial or USB cable, or
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286 | using Bluetooth.
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287 | The phone exchanges data packets with the nearest base station,
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288 | which can be up to 35 kilometers away.
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289 |
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290 | <!-- FIXME: watch for new standards! SkyLink is already offering
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291 | 3.1 megabits per second with CDMA mobile phones, and
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292 | the configuration below doesn't work. It is reported that
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293 | a regular dialup setup with the telephone number "#777",
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294 | username "mobile" and password "internet" works with SkyLink. -->
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295 |
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296 | The maximum possible data transfer rate is 170 kilobits per second
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297 | for GPRS and 474 kilobits per second for EDGE, but many cellular
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298 | operators impose lower limits, such as 64 kilobits per second. The
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299 | gateway ping time is 900 ms for GPRS, which makes playing many online
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300 | games impossible and causes connection to ICQ to be unreliable.
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301 | In order to configure a GPRS or EDGE connection,
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302 | it is required to know the access point name (APN) and, rarely, the
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303 | username and the password.
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304 | In most cases, billing is based on the telephone number, and the
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305 | username/password pair is not needed, as assumed in the example
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306 | below.</para>
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307 |
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308 | <para>In order to configure a GPRS connection, two files have to
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309 | be created: a chat script that automates the connection procedure
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310 | (common for all GPRS accounts), and a peer file that provides
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311 | configuration information about a specific connection to
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312 | <command>pppd</command>:</para>
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313 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat >/etc/ppp/gprs.chat <<"EOF"</userinput>
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314 | <literal>ABORT BUSY ABORT 'NO CARRIER' ABORT VOICE ABORT 'NO DIALTONE'
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315 | ABORT 'NO DIAL TONE' ABORT 'NO ANSWER' ABORT DELAYED
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316 | ABORT ERROR ABORT BLACKLISTED
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317 |
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318 | TIMEOUT 5
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319 | '' AT
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320 | OK-+++\dATH0-OK ATZ
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321 | # \T is the APN, passed from /etc/ppp/peers/<replaceable>gprs</replaceable>
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322 | # This example stores the APN as profile #1 in the phone.
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323 | # The telephone number, *99***<profile_number>#, is always the same
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324 | # If you want to store this as profile #2, change 1 to 2 in the
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325 | # following two lines.
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326 | OK AT+CGDCONT=<replaceable>1</replaceable>,"IP","\T"
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327 | OK "ATD*99***<replaceable>1</replaceable>#"
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328 | CONNECT \d\c</literal>
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329 | <userinput>EOF
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330 |
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331 | cat >/etc/ppp/peers/<replaceable>gprs</replaceable> <<"EOF"</userinput>
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332 | <literal># Replace <replaceable>inet.example.com</replaceable> with the proper APN for your provider
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333 | connect "/usr/sbin/chat -T <replaceable>inet.example.com</replaceable> -f /etc/ppp/gprs.chat"
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334 |
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335 | # Specify your cellphone serial port and speed below
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336 | # Note: you must manually send some vendor-specific AT commands
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337 | # to certain old cellular phones (such as Sony-Ericsson T200)
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338 | # in order to achieve connection speed more than 9600 bits ber second.
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339 | <replaceable>/dev/ttyS1</replaceable>
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340 | <replaceable>115200</replaceable>
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341 |
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342 | # The settings below usually don't need to be changed
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343 | noccp
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344 | noauth
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345 | updetach
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346 | debug
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347 | lock
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348 | defaultroute
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349 | noipdefault
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350 | usepeerdns</literal>
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351 | <userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
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352 | </sect4>
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353 |
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354 | <sect4>
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355 | <title>Establishing the connection</title>
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356 |
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357 | <para>In order to establish a PPP connection described by the
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358 | <filename>/etc/ppp/peers/<replaceable>peername</replaceable></filename>
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359 | file, run, as root or as a member of the
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360 | <systemitem class="groupname">pppusers</systemitem> group:</para>
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361 | <screen><userinput>pon <replaceable>peername</replaceable></userinput></screen>
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362 |
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363 | <para>In order to tear the connection down, run:</para>
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364 | <screen><userinput>poff <replaceable>peername</replaceable></userinput></screen>
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365 |
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366 | </sect4>
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367 | </sect3>
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368 |
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369 | </sect2>
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370 |
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371 | <sect2 role="content">
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372 | <title>Contents</title>
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373 |
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374 | <segmentedlist>
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375 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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376 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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377 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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378 |
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379 | <seglistitem>
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380 | <seg>chat, pon, poff, plog, pppd, pppdump, pppoe-discovery and pppstats</seg>
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381 | <seg>Several plugin modules installed in
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382 | <filename class='directory'>/usr/lib/pppd/&ppp-version;</filename></seg>
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383 | <seg>/etc/ppp, /usr/include/pppd and /usr/lib/pppd</seg>
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384 | </seglistitem>
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385 | </segmentedlist>
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386 |
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387 | <variablelist>
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388 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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389 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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390 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
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391 |
|
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392 | <varlistentry id="chat">
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393 | <term><command>chat</command></term>
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394 | <listitem>
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395 | <para>defines a conversational exchange between the computer and the
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396 | modem. Its primary purpose is to establish the connection between the
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397 | Point-to-Point Protocol Daemon (PPPD) and the remote
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398 | <command>pppd</command> process.</para>
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399 | <indexterm zone="ppp chat">
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400 | <primary sortas="b-chat">chat</primary>
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401 | </indexterm>
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402 | </listitem>
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403 | </varlistentry>
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404 |
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405 | <varlistentry id="pon">
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406 | <term><command>pon</command></term>
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407 | <listitem>
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408 | <para>is the script that establishes a PPP connection</para>
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409 | <indexterm zone="ppp pon">
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410 | <primary sortas="b-pon">pon</primary>
|
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411 | </indexterm>
|
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412 | </listitem>
|
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413 | </varlistentry>
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414 |
|
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415 | <varlistentry id="poff">
|
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416 | <term><command>poff</command></term>
|
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417 | <listitem>
|
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418 | <para>is the script that tears a PPP connection down.</para>
|
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419 | <indexterm zone="ppp poff">
|
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420 | <primary sortas="b-poff">poff</primary>
|
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421 | </indexterm>
|
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422 | </listitem>
|
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423 | </varlistentry>
|
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424 |
|
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425 | <varlistentry id="plog">
|
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426 | <term><command>plog</command></term>
|
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427 | <listitem>
|
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428 | <para>is a script that prints the tail of the PPP log.</para>
|
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429 | <indexterm zone="ppp plog">
|
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430 | <primary sortas="b-plog">plog</primary>
|
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431 | </indexterm>
|
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432 | </listitem>
|
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433 | </varlistentry>
|
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434 |
|
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435 |
|
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436 | <varlistentry id="pppd">
|
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437 | <term><command>pppd</command></term>
|
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438 | <listitem>
|
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439 | <para>is the Point to Point Protocol daemon.</para>
|
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440 | <indexterm zone="ppp pppd">
|
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441 | <primary sortas="b-pppd">pppd</primary>
|
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442 | </indexterm>
|
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443 | </listitem>
|
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444 | </varlistentry>
|
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445 |
|
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446 | <varlistentry id="pppdump">
|
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447 | <term><command>pppdump</command></term>
|
---|
448 | <listitem>
|
---|
449 | <para>is used to convert
|
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450 | <application>PPP</application> record files to a readable
|
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451 | format.</para>
|
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452 | <indexterm zone="ppp pppdump">
|
---|
453 | <primary sortas="b-pppdump">pppdump</primary>
|
---|
454 | </indexterm>
|
---|
455 | </listitem>
|
---|
456 | </varlistentry>
|
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457 |
|
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458 | <varlistentry id="pppstats">
|
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459 | <term><command>pppstats</command></term>
|
---|
460 | <listitem>
|
---|
461 | <para>is used to print
|
---|
462 | <application>PPP</application> statistics.</para>
|
---|
463 | <indexterm zone="ppp pppstats">
|
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464 | <primary sortas="b-pppstats">pppstats</primary>
|
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465 | </indexterm>
|
---|
466 | </listitem>
|
---|
467 | </varlistentry>
|
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468 |
|
---|
469 | </variablelist>
|
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470 |
|
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471 | </sect2>
|
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472 |
|
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473 | </sect1>
|
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