1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 |
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7 | <!ENTITY postgresql-download-http "http://gd.tuwien.ac.at/db/postgresql/v&postgresql-version;/postgresql-&postgresql-version;.tar.bz2">
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8 | <!ENTITY postgresql-download-ftp "ftp://ftp.fr.postgresql.org/v&postgresql-version;/postgresql-&postgresql-version;.tar.bz2">
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9 | <!ENTITY postgresql-size "9.7 MB">
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10 | <!ENTITY postgresql-buildsize "80 MB">
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11 | <!ENTITY postgresql-time "1.21 SBU">
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12 | ]>
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13 |
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14 | <sect1 id="postgresql" xreflabel="PostgreSQL-&postgresql-version;">
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15 | <?dbhtml filename="postgresql.html"?>
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16 | <title>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym>-&postgresql-version;</title>
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17 |
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18 | <sect2>
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19 | <title>Introduction to <application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application></title>
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20 |
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21 | <para><application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application> is an advanced object-relational
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22 | database management system (<acronym>ORDBMS</acronym>), derived from the
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23 | Berkeley Postgres database management system.</para>
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24 |
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25 | <sect3><title>Package information</title>
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26 | <itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
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27 | <listitem><para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&postgresql-download-http;"/></para></listitem>
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28 | <listitem><para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&postgresql-download-ftp;"/></para></listitem>
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29 | <listitem><para>Download size: &postgresql-size;</para></listitem>
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30 | <listitem><para>Estimated Disk space required: &postgresql-buildsize;</para></listitem>
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31 | <listitem><para>Estimated build time: &postgresql-time;</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
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32 | </sect3>
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33 |
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34 | <!--
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35 | <note><para>The C++ and ODBC bindings have been removed from the main
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36 | source distribution. They can be found at the
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37 | <application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application> Projects Web
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38 | Site at: <ulink url="http://gborg.postgresql.org" />.</para></note>
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39 | -->
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40 |
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41 | <sect3><title><application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application> dependencies</title>
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42 | <sect4><title>Optional</title>
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43 | <para>
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44 | <xref linkend="readline"/>,
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45 | <xref linkend="Python"/>,
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46 | <xref linkend="tcl"/>,
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47 | <xref linkend="tk"/>,
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48 | <xref linkend="openssl"/>,
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49 | <xref linkend="Linux_PAM"/>,
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50 | <ulink url="http://www.pdc.kth.se/kth-krb/">krb4</ulink>,
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51 | <xref linkend="mitkrb"/> or <xref linkend="heimdal"/>,
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52 | <ulink url="http://ant.apache.org/">Ant</ulink> and
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53 | <ulink url="http://rendezvous.sourceforge.net/">Rendezvous</ulink>
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54 | </para></sect4>
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55 | </sect3>
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56 |
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57 | </sect2>
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58 |
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59 | <sect2>
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60 | <title>Installation of <application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application></title>
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61 |
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62 | <para>Install <application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application> with the following commands: </para>
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63 |
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64 | <screen><userinput><command>./configure --prefix=/usr &&
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65 | make &&
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66 | make install</command></userinput></screen>
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67 |
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68 | <para>The standard installation provides only the header files needed
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69 | for client application development. Server-side applications require
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70 | the entire <application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application>
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71 | include tree which can be installed using the following command:</para>
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72 |
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73 | <screen><userinput><command>make install-all-headers</command></userinput></screen>
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74 |
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75 | <note><para>If you are upgrading an existing system and are going to
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76 | install the new files over the old ones, then you should
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77 | back up your data, shut down the old server and follow the
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78 | instructions in <ulink
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79 | url="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/7.4/static/install-upgrading.html">the
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80 | official <application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application>
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81 | documentation</ulink>.</para></note>
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82 |
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83 | <para>Initialize a database cluster with the following commands:</para>
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84 |
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85 | <screen><userinput><command>mkdir -p /var/pgsql/data &&
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86 | useradd -d /var/pgsql/data postgres &&
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87 | chown postgres /var/pgsql/data &&
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88 | su - postgres -c '/usr/bin/initdb -D /var/pgsql/data'</command></userinput></screen>
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89 |
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90 | <para>Start the database server with the following command:</para>
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91 |
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92 | <screen><userinput><command>su - postgres -c '/usr/bin/postmaster -D /var/pgsql/data > \
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93 | /var/pgsql/data/logfile 2>&1 &'</command></userinput></screen>
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94 |
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95 | <para>Create a database and verify the installation:</para>
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96 |
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97 | <screen><userinput><command>su - postgres -c '/usr/bin/createdb test' &&
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98 | echo "create table t1 ( name varchar(20), state_province varchar(20) );" \
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99 | | (su - postgres -c '/usr/bin/psql test ') &&
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100 | echo "insert into t1 values ('Billy', 'NewYork');" \
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101 | | (su - postgres -c '/usr/bin/psql test ') &&
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102 | echo "insert into t1 values ('Evanidus', 'Quebec');" \
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103 | | (su - postgres -c '/usr/bin/psql test ') &&
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104 | echo "insert into t1 values ('Jesse', 'Ontario');" \
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105 | | (su - postgres -c '/usr/bin/psql test ') &&
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106 | echo "select * from t1;" | (su - postgres -c '/usr/bin/psql test')</command></userinput></screen>
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107 |
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108 | </sect2>
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109 |
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110 | <sect2>
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111 | <title>Command explanations</title>
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112 |
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113 | <para><command>useradd -d /var/pgsql/data postgres</command>: Add an unprivileged user to run the database server.</para>
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114 |
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115 | <para><command>createdb test, create table t1 , insert into t1 values..., select *
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116 | from t1</command>: Create a database, add a table to it, insert some rows into the table
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117 | and select them to verify that the installation is working
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118 | properly.</para>
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119 |
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120 | </sect2>
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121 |
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122 | <sect2>
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123 | <title>Configuring <application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application></title>
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124 |
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125 | <sect3>
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126 | <title>Config files</title>
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127 |
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128 | <para><filename>$PGDATA/pg_ident.con</filename>, <filename>$PGDATA/pg_hba.conf</filename>, <filename>$PGDATA/postgresql.conf</filename></para>
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129 |
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130 | <para>The <envar>PGDATA</envar> environment variable is used to distinguish database
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131 | clusters from one another by setting it to the value of the directory
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132 | which contains the cluster desired. The three configuration files
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133 | exist in every <filename class="directory">PGDATA/</filename> directory.
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134 | Details on the format of the files and the options that can be set in
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135 | each can be found in <ulink
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136 | url="file:///usr/share/doc/postgresql/html/index.html"/>.</para>
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137 |
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138 | <para>Install the <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql</filename>
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139 | init script included in the <xref linkend="intro-important-bootscripts"/> package.</para>
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140 |
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141 | <screen><userinput><command>make install-postgresql</command></userinput></screen>
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142 |
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143 | </sect3>
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144 |
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145 | </sect2>
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146 |
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147 | <sect2>
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148 | <title>Contents</title>
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149 |
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150 | <para>The <application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application> package contains
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151 | <command>clusterdb</command>,
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152 | <command>createdb</command>,
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153 | <command>createlang</command>,
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154 | <command>createuser</command>,
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155 | <command>dropdb</command>,
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156 | <command>droplang</command>,
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157 | <command>dropuser</command>,
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158 | <command>ecpg</command>,
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159 | <command>initdb</command>,
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160 | <command>initlocation</command>,
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161 | <command>ipcclean</command>,
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162 | <command>pg_config</command>,
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163 | <command>pg_controldata</command>,
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164 | <command>pg_ctl</command>,
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165 | <command>pg_dump</command>,
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166 | <command>pg_dumpall</command>,
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167 | <command>pg_encoding</command>,
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168 | <command>pg_id</command>,
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169 | <command>pg_resetxlog</command>,
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170 | <command>pg_restore</command>,
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171 | <command>pgtclsh</command>,
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172 | <command>pgtksh</command>,
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173 | <command>pltcl_delmod</command>,
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174 | <command>pltcl_listmod</command>,
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175 | <command>pltcl_loadmod</command>,
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176 | <command>postgres</command>,
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177 | <command>postmaster</command>,
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178 | <command>psql</command>,
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179 | <command>vacuumdb</command>,
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180 | <filename class="libraryfile">libecpg</filename>,
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181 | <filename class="libraryfile">libpgtcl</filename>,
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182 | <filename class="libraryfile">libpgtypes</filename>,
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183 | <filename class="libraryfile">libpq</filename> and various charset
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184 | modules.</para>
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185 |
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186 | </sect2>
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187 |
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188 | <sect2><title>Description</title>
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189 |
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190 | <sect3><title>clusterdb</title>
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191 | <para><command>clusterdb</command> is a utility for reclustering tables
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192 | in a <application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application>
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193 | database.</para></sect3>
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194 |
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195 | <sect3><title>createdb</title>
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196 | <para><command>createdb</command> creates a new
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197 | <application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application> database.</para></sect3>
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198 |
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199 | <sect3><title>createlang</title>
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200 | <para><command>createlang</command> defines a new
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201 | <application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application> procedural
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202 | language.</para></sect3>
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203 |
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204 | <sect3><title>createuser</title>
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205 | <para><command>createuser</command> defines a new
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206 | <application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application> user account.</para></sect3>
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207 |
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208 | <sect3><title>dropdb</title>
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209 | <para><command>dropdb</command> removes a
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210 | <application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application> database.</para></sect3>
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211 |
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212 | <sect3><title>droplang</title>
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213 | <para><command>droplang</command> removes a
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214 | <application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application> procedural
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215 | language.</para></sect3>
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216 |
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217 | <sect3><title>dropuser</title>
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218 | <para><command>dropuser</command> removes a
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219 | <application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application> user account.</para></sect3>
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220 |
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221 | <sect3><title>ecpg</title>
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222 | <para><command>ecpg</command> is the embedded <acronym>SQL</acronym> preprocessor.</para></sect3>
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223 |
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224 | <sect3><title>initdb</title>
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225 | <para><command>initdb</command> create a new database cluster.</para></sect3>
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226 |
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227 | <sect3><title>initlocation</title>
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228 | <para><command>initlocation</command> creates a secondary database storage
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229 | area.</para></sect3>
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230 |
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231 | <sect3><title>ipcclean</title>
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232 | <para><command>ipcclean</command> removes shared memory and semaphores left over by an
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233 | aborted database server.</para></sect3>
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234 |
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235 | <sect3><title>pg_config</title>
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236 | <para><command>pg_config</command> retrieves
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237 | <application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application> version
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238 | information.</para></sect3>
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239 |
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240 | <sect3><title>pg_controldata</title>
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241 | <para><command>pg_controldata</command> returns information initialized during
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242 | <command>initdb</command>, such as the catalog version and server
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243 | locale.</para></sect3>
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244 |
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245 | <sect3><title>pg_ctl</title>
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246 | <para><command>pg_ctl</command> controls stopping and starting the database
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247 | server.</para></sect3>
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248 |
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249 | <sect3><title>pg_dump</title>
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250 | <para><command>pg_dump</command> dumps database data and metadata into scripts which are
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251 | used to recreate the database.</para></sect3>
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252 |
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253 | <sect3><title>pg_dumpall</title>
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254 | <para><command>pg_dumpall</command> recursively calls
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255 | <command>pg_dump</command> for each database in a
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256 | cluster.</para></sect3>
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257 |
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258 | <sect3><title>pg_resetxlog</title>
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259 | <para><command>pg_resetxlog</command> clears the write-ahead log and optionally resets some
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260 | fields in the <filename>pg_control</filename> file.</para></sect3>
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261 |
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262 | <sect3><title>pg_restore</title>
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263 | <para><command>pg_restore</command> creates databases from dump files created by
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264 | <command>pg_dump</command>.</para></sect3>
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265 |
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266 | <sect3><title>pgtclsh</title>
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267 | <para><command>pgtclsh</command> is a <application>Tcl</application>
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268 | shell interface extended with
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269 | <application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application> database access
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270 | functions.</para></sect3>
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271 |
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272 | <sect3><title>pgtksh</title>
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273 | <para><command>pgtksh</command> is a
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274 | <application>Tcl</application>/<application>Tk</application> shell
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275 | interface extended with
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276 | <application>Postgre<acronym>SQL</acronym></application> database access
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277 | functions.</para></sect3>
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278 |
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279 | <sect3><title>postgres</title>
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280 | <para><command>postgres</command> is a single user database server, generally used for
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281 | debugging.</para></sect3>
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282 |
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283 | <sect3><title>postmaster</title>
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284 | <para><command>postmaster</command> is the multi-user database daemon.</para></sect3>
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285 |
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286 | <sect3><title>psql</title>
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287 | <para><command>psql</command> is a console based database shell.</para></sect3>
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288 |
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289 | <sect3><title>vacuumdb</title>
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290 | <para><command>vacuumdb</command> compacts databases and generates statistics for the
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291 | query analyzer.</para></sect3>
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292 |
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293 | </sect2>
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294 |
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295 | </sect1>
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