1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 |
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7 | <!ENTITY gcc-download-http "https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-&gcc-version;/gcc-&gcc-version;.tar.bz2">
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8 | <!ENTITY gcc-download-ftp "ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-&gcc-version;/gcc-&gcc-version;.tar.bz2">
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9 | <!ENTITY gcc-md5sum "d5525b1127d07d215960e6051c5da35e">
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10 | <!ENTITY gcc-size "91 MB">
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11 | <!ENTITY gcc-buildsize "6.7 GB">
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12 | <!ENTITY gcc-time "130 SBU (including 80 SBU for tests)">
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13 | ]>
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14 |
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15 | <sect1 id="gcc" xreflabel="GCC-&gcc-version;">
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16 | <?dbhtml filename="gcc.html" ?>
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17 |
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18 | <sect1info>
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19 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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20 | <date>$Date$</date>
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21 | </sect1info>
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22 |
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23 | <title>GCC-&gcc-version;</title>
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24 |
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25 | <indexterm zone="gcc">
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26 | <primary sortas="a-gcc-5-0">GCC-&gcc-version;</primary>
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27 | </indexterm>
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28 |
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29 | <sect2 role="package">
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30 | <title>Introduction to GCC</title>
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31 |
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32 | <para>
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33 | The <application>GCC</application> package contains the GNU Compiler
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34 | Collection. This page describes the installation of compilers for the
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35 | following languages: C, C++, Fortran, Objective C, Objective C++, and Go.
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36 | Two additional languages , Ada and Java are available in the collection.
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37 | They have specific requirements, so they are described in separate pages
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38 | (<xref linkend="gcc-ada"/> and <xref linkend="gcc-java"/>). Since C and
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39 | C++ are installed in LFS, this page is either for upgrading C and C++,
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40 | or for installing additional compilers.
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41 | </para>
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42 |
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43 | &lfs77_checked;&gcc5_checked;
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44 |
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45 | <caution>
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46 | <para>
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47 | If you are upgrading <application>GCC</application> from any other
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48 | version prior to &gcc-version;, then you must be careful compiling 3rd
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49 | party kernel modules. You should ensure that the kernel and all its
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50 | native modules are also compiled using the same version of
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51 | <application>GCC</application> that you use to build the 3rd party module.
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52 | This issue does not affect native kernel (and kernel modules) updates,
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53 | as the instructions below are a complete reinstallation of
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54 | <application>GCC</application>. If you have existing 3rd party modules
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55 | installed, ensure they are recompiled using the updated version of
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56 | <application>GCC</application>. As always, never update the kernel
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57 | headers from the ones used when <application>Glibc</application> was
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58 | compiled during LFS.
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59 | </para>
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60 |
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61 | <para>
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62 | The 5.1.0 version of GCC introduces an incompatible ABI change in the
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63 | C++ library <filename>libstdc++.so</filename>. This does not prevent
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64 | using programs compiled with the previous version of <application>GCC
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65 | </application>, since both old and new symbols are available in the
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66 | library. But compiling, with the new version, programs which use libraries
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67 | compiled with the old version is likely to give errors. So, if you are
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68 | upgrading from any previous version prior to 5.1.0, you have two solutions:
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69 | recompile all the libraries with the new version, or use the <option>
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70 | --with-default-libstdcxx-abi</option> switch to configure.
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71 | </para>
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72 | </caution>
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73 |
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74 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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75 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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76 | <listitem>
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77 | <para>
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78 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&gcc-download-http;"/>
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79 | </para>
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80 | </listitem>
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81 | <listitem>
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82 | <para>
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83 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&gcc-download-ftp;"/>
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84 | </para>
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85 | </listitem>
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86 | <listitem>
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87 | <para>
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88 | Download MD5 sum: &gcc-md5sum;
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89 | </para>
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90 | </listitem>
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91 | <listitem>
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92 | <para>
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93 | Download size: &gcc-size;
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94 | </para>
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95 | </listitem>
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96 | <listitem>
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97 | <para>
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98 | Estimated disk space required: &gcc-buildsize;
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99 | </para>
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100 | </listitem>
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101 | <listitem>
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102 | <para>
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103 | Estimated build time: &gcc-time;
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104 | </para>
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105 | </listitem>
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106 | </itemizedlist>
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107 |
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108 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
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109 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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110 | <listitem>
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111 | <para>
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112 | Required patch:
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113 | <ulink url="&patch-root;/gcc-&gcc-version;-upstream_fixes-1.patch"/>
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114 | </para>
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115 | </listitem>
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116 | </itemizedlist>
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117 |
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118 |
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119 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">GCC Dependencies</bridgehead>
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120 |
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121 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
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122 | <para role="recommended">
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123 | <xref linkend="dejagnu"/>, for tests
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124 | </para>
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125 |
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126 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">
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127 | User Notes: <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/gcc"/>
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128 | </para>
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129 |
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130 | </sect2>
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131 |
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132 | <sect2 role="installation">
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133 | <title>Installation of GCC</title>
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134 |
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135 | <important>
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136 | <para>
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137 | Even if you specify only languages other than C and C++ to the
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138 | <command>./configure</command> command below, the
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139 | installation process will overwrite your existing
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140 | <application>GCC</application> C and C++ compilers and libraries.
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141 | Having the <application>Tcl</application>,
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142 | <application>Expect</application> and <application>DejaGnu</application>
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143 | packages installed before beginning the build is highly recommended so
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144 | you can run the full suite of tests.
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145 | </para>
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146 |
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147 | <para>
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148 | Do not continue with the <command>make install</command> command
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149 | until you are confident the build was successful. You can compare your
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150 | test results with those found at <ulink
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151 | url="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-testresults/"/>. You may also want to
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152 | refer to the information found in the <application>GCC</application>
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153 | section of Chapter 6 in the LFS book (<ulink
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154 | url="&lfs-root;/chapter06/gcc.html"/>).
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155 | </para>
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156 | </important>
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157 |
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158 | <para>
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159 | The instructions below are intentionally performing a
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160 | <quote>bootstrap</quote> process. Bootstrapping is needed for robustness
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161 | and is highly recommended when upgrading the compilers version. To disable
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162 | bootstrap anyways, add <parameter>--disable-bootstrap</parameter> to the
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163 | <command>./configure</command> options below.
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164 | </para>
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165 |
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166 | <para>
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167 | As in LFS, fix some problems identified upstream:
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168 | </para>
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169 |
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170 | <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../gcc-5.1.0-upstream_fixes-1.patch</userinput></screen>
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171 |
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172 |
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173 | <para>
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174 | Install <application>GCC</application> by running the following commands:
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175 | </para>
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176 |
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177 | <screen><userinput>mkdir ../gcc-build &&
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178 | cd ../gcc-build &&
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179 |
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180 | ../gcc-&gcc-version;/configure \
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181 | --prefix=/usr \
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182 | --disable-multilib \
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183 | --with-system-zlib \
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184 | --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,go,objc,obj-c++ &&
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185 | make</userinput></screen>
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186 |
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187 | <para>
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188 | If you have installed additional packages such as
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189 | <application>Valgrind</application> and <application>GDB</application>,
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190 | the <application>GCC</application> part of the testsuite will run more
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191 | tests than in LFS. Some of those will report FAIL and others XPASS
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192 | (pass when expected to FAIL). To run the tests, issue:
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193 | </para>
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194 |
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195 | <screen><userinput>ulimit -s 32768 &&
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196 | make -k check</userinput></screen>
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197 | <!-- The command above may error out, so using && may prevent the summary
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198 | to be run. -->
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199 |
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200 | <para>
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201 | The tests are very long, and the results may be hard to find in the
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202 | logs, specially if you use parallel jobs with make. You can get a summary
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203 | of the tests with:
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204 | </para>
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205 |
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206 | <screen><userinput>../gcc-&gcc-version;/contrib/test_summary</userinput></screen>
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207 |
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208 | <para>
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209 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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210 | </para>
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211 |
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212 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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213 |
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214 | mkdir -pv /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib &&
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215 | mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib &&
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216 |
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217 | chown -v -R root:root \
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218 | /usr/lib/gcc/*linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include{,-fixed}</userinput></screen>
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219 |
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220 | <para>
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221 | Some packages expect to find the C preprocessor in
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222 | <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> or may refer to the C compiler
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223 | under the name <command>cc</command>. The following symbolic links are not
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224 | needed if you have followed the LFS instructions, since they
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225 | have been already created. If you do not have them on your system, issue
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226 | as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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227 | </para>
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228 |
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229 | <screen role="root"><userinput>ln -v -sf ../usr/bin/cpp /lib &&
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230 | ln -v -sf gcc /usr/bin/cc &&
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231 | install -v -dm755 /usr/lib/bfd-plugins &&
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232 | ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/&gcc-version;/liblto_plugin.so /usr/lib/bfd-plugins/</userinput></screen>
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233 |
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234 | </sect2>
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235 |
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236 | <sect2 role="commands">
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237 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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238 |
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239 | <para>
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240 | <command>mkdir ../gcc-build; cd ../gcc-build</command>: The
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241 | <application>GCC</application> documentation recommends
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242 | building the package in a dedicated build directory.
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243 | </para>
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244 |
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245 | <para>
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246 | <parameter>--disable-multilib</parameter>: This parameter ensures
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247 | that files are created for the specific architecture of your computer.
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248 | </para>
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249 |
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250 | <para>
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251 | <parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter>: Uses the system
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252 | <application>zlib</application> instead of the bundled one.
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253 | <application>zlib</application> is used for compressing
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254 | and uncompressing <application>GCC</application>'s intermediate
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255 | language in LTO (Link Time Optimization) object files.
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256 | </para>
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257 |
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258 | <para>
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259 | <parameter>--enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,go,objc,obj-c++</parameter>:
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260 | This command identifies which languages to build. You may modify
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261 | this command to remove undesired languages.
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262 | </para>
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263 |
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264 | <para>
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265 | <option>--with-default-libstdcxx-abi=c++98</option>: Use this switch if you
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266 | are upgrading from a <application>GCC</application> version prior to 5.1.0,
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267 | and you do not want to recompile all the libraries written in C++.
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268 | </para>
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269 |
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270 | <para>
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271 | <command>ulimit -s 32768</command>: This command prevents several
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272 | tests from running out of stack space.
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273 | </para>
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274 |
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275 | <para>
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276 | <command>make -k check</command>: This command runs the test suite
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277 | without stopping if any errors are encountered.
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278 | </para>
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279 |
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280 | <para>
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281 | <command>../gcc-&gcc-version;/contrib/test_summary</command>: This
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282 | command will produce a summary of the test suite results. You can append
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283 | <command>| grep -A7 Summ</command> to the command to produce an even more
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284 | condensed version of the summary. You may also wish to redirect the output
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285 | to a file for review and comparison later on.
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286 | </para>
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287 |
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288 | <para>
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289 | <command>mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py ...</command>: The installation
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290 | stage puts some files used by <application>gdb</application> under the
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291 | <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> directory. This generates
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292 | spurious error messages when performing <command>ldconfig</command>. This
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293 | command moves the files to another location.
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294 | </para>
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295 |
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296 | <para>
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297 | <command>chown -v -R root:root /usr/lib/gcc/*linux-gnu/...</command>:
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298 | If the package is built by a user other than root, the ownership of the
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299 | installed <filename class="directory">include</filename> directory (and
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300 | its content) will be incorrect. This command changes the ownership to the
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301 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user and group.
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302 | </para>
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303 |
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304 | </sect2>
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305 |
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306 | <sect2 role="content">
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307 | <title>Contents</title>
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308 |
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309 | <para>
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310 | Some program and library names and descriptions are not listed here,
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311 | but can be found at
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312 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter06/gcc.html#contents-gcc"/> as they were
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313 | initially installed during the building of LFS.
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314 | </para>
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315 |
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316 | <segmentedlist>
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317 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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318 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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319 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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320 |
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321 | <seglistitem>
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322 | <seg>
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323 | gccgo and gfortran, hard-linked to architecture specific names
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324 | </seg>
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325 | <seg>
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326 | libgfortran.{so,a},
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327 | libgo.{so,a}, libgobegin.a, libnetgo.a, libobjc.{so,a}, and numerous
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328 | other run-time libraries and executables in <filename class="directory">
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329 | /usr/lib/gcc</filename>, <filename class="directory">
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330 | /usr/libexec/gcc</filename>, and <filename class="directory">
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331 | /usr/lib/go</filename>
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332 | </seg>
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333 | <seg>
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334 | /usr/lib/gcc/<arch-triplet>/&gcc-version;/include/objc and
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335 | /usr/lib/go
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336 | </seg>
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337 | </seglistitem>
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338 | </segmentedlist>
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339 |
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340 | <variablelist>
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341 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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342 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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343 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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344 |
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345 | <varlistentry id="gccgo">
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346 | <term><command>gccgo</command></term>
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347 | <listitem>
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348 | <para>
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349 | is a GCC-based compiler for the <application>Go</application> language.
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350 | </para>
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351 | <indexterm zone="gcc gccgo">
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352 | <primary sortas="b-gccgo">gccgo</primary>
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353 | </indexterm>
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354 | </listitem>
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355 | </varlistentry>
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356 |
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357 | <varlistentry id="gfortran">
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358 | <term><command>gfortran</command></term>
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359 | <listitem>
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360 | <para>
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361 | is a GCC-based compiler for the <application>Fortran</application>
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362 | language.
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363 | </para>
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364 | <indexterm zone="gcc gfortran">
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365 | <primary sortas="b-gfortran">gfortran</primary>
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366 | </indexterm>
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367 | </listitem>
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368 | </varlistentry>
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369 |
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370 | </variablelist>
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371 |
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372 | </sect2>
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373 |
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374 | </sect1>
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