| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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| 7 | <!ENTITY gcc-download-http "&gnu-http;/gcc/gcc-&gcc-version;/gcc-&gcc-version;.tar.xz">
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| 8 | <!ENTITY gcc-download-ftp " ">
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| 9 | <!-- Update this also on the grub-uefi page -->
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| 10 | <!ENTITY gcc-md5sum "24195dca80ded5e0551b533f46a4481d">
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| 11 | <!ENTITY gcc-size "88 MB">
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| 12 | <!ENTITY gcc-buildsize "11 GB (3.4 GB installed with all listed languages; add 1.5 GB for tests)">
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| 13 | <!ENTITY gcc-time "12 SBU (add 32 SBU for tests; both with parallelism=8)">
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| 14 | ]>
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| 15 |
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| 16 | <sect1 id="gcc" xreflabel="GCC-&gcc-version;">
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| 17 | <?dbhtml filename="gcc.html" ?>
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| 18 |
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| 19 |
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| 20 | <title>GCC-&gcc-version;</title>
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| 21 |
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| 22 | <indexterm zone="gcc">
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| 23 | <primary sortas="a-gcc-5-0">GCC-&gcc-version;</primary>
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| 24 | </indexterm>
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| 25 |
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| 26 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 27 | <title>Introduction to GCC</title>
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| 28 |
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| 29 | <para>
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| 30 | The <application>GCC</application> package contains the GNU Compiler
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| 31 | Collection. This page describes the installation of compilers for the
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| 32 | following languages: C, C++, Fortran, Objective C, Objective C++, Go, and Modula2.
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| 33 | Since C and C++ are installed in LFS, this page is either for upgrading
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| 34 | C and C++, or for installing additional compilers.
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| 35 | </para>
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| 36 |
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| 37 | <note>
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| 38 | <para>
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| 39 | Additional languages, among which D and Ada, are available in the
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| 40 | collection. D and Ada have a binary bootstrap requirement for the first
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| 41 | installation, so their installation is not described here. To install
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| 42 | them, you can proceed along the same lines as below after installing
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| 43 | the corresponding compiler from a binary package, adding
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| 44 | <option>ada</option> or <option>d</option> to the
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| 45 | <parameter>--enable-languages</parameter> line.
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| 46 | </para>
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| 47 | </note>
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| 48 |
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| 49 | &lfs121_checked;
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| 50 |
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| 51 | <caution>
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| 52 | <para>
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| 53 | If you are upgrading <application>GCC</application> from any other
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| 54 | version prior to &gcc-version;, then you must be careful compiling 3rd
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| 55 | party kernel modules. You should ensure that the kernel and all its
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| 56 | native modules are also compiled using the same version of
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| 57 | <application>GCC</application> that you use to build the 3rd party module.
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| 58 | This issue does not affect native kernel (and kernel modules) updates,
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| 59 | as the instructions below are a complete reinstallation of
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| 60 | <application>GCC</application>. If you have existing 3rd party modules
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| 61 | installed, ensure they are recompiled using the updated version of
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| 62 | <application>GCC</application>.
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| 63 | </para>
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| 64 | </caution>
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| 65 |
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| 66 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 67 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 68 | <listitem>
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| 69 | <para>
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| 70 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&gcc-download-http;"/>
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| 71 | </para>
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| 72 | </listitem>
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| 73 | <listitem>
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| 74 | <para>
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| 75 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&gcc-download-ftp;"/>
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| 76 | </para>
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| 77 | </listitem>
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| 78 | <listitem>
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| 79 | <para>
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| 80 | Download MD5 sum: &gcc-md5sum;
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| 81 | </para>
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| 82 | </listitem>
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| 83 | <listitem>
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| 84 | <para>
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| 85 | Download size: &gcc-size;
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| 86 | </para>
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| 87 | </listitem>
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| 88 | <listitem>
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| 89 | <para>
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| 90 | Estimated disk space required: &gcc-buildsize;
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| 91 | </para>
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| 92 | </listitem>
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| 93 | <listitem>
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| 94 | <para>
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| 95 | Estimated build time: &gcc-time;
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| 96 | </para>
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| 97 | </listitem>
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| 98 | </itemizedlist>
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| 99 | <!--
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| 100 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
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| 101 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 102 | <listitem>
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| 103 | <para>
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| 104 | Optional patch when adding Go to the desired language list:
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| 105 | <ulink url="&patch-root;/gcc-&gcc-version;-fix_go_version-1.patch"/>
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| 106 | </para>
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| 107 | </listitem>
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| 108 | </itemizedlist>
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| 109 | -->
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| 110 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">GCC Dependencies</bridgehead>
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| 111 |
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| 112 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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| 113 | <para role="optional">
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| 114 | <xref linkend="gdb"/>,
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| 115 | <xref linkend="valgrind"/> (for tests), and
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| 116 | <ulink url="https://repo.or.cz/isl.git">ISL</ulink> (to enable graphite optimization)
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| 117 | </para>
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| 118 |
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| 119 | </sect2>
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| 120 |
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| 121 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 122 | <title>Installation of GCC</title>
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| 123 |
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| 124 | <important>
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| 125 | <para>
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| 126 | Even if you specify only languages other than C and C++ to the
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| 127 | <command>./configure</command> command below, the
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| 128 | installation process will overwrite your existing
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| 129 | <application>GCC</application> C and C++ compilers and libraries.
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| 130 | Running the full suite of tests is recommended.
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| 131 | </para>
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| 132 |
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| 133 | <para>
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| 134 | Do not continue with the <command>make install</command> command
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| 135 | until you are confident the build was successful. You can compare your
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| 136 | test results with those found at <ulink
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| 137 | url="https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-testresults/"/>. You may also want to
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| 138 | refer to the information found in the <application>GCC</application>
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| 139 | section of Chapter 8 in the LFS book (<ulink
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| 140 | url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/gcc.html"/>).
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| 141 | </para>
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| 142 | </important>
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| 143 |
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| 144 | <para>
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| 145 | The instructions below are intentionally performing a
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| 146 | <quote>bootstrap</quote> process. Bootstrapping is needed for robustness
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| 147 | and is highly recommended when upgrading the compilers version. To disable
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| 148 | bootstrap anyway, add <parameter>--disable-bootstrap</parameter> to the
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| 149 | <command>./configure</command> options below.
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| 150 | </para>
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| 151 |
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| 152 | <para>
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| 153 | Install <application>GCC</application> by running the following commands:
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| 154 | </para>
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| 155 |
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| 156 | <screen><userinput>case $(uname -m) in
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| 157 | x86_64)
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| 158 | sed -i.orig '/m64=/s/lib64/lib/' gcc/config/i386/t-linux64
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| 159 | ;;
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| 160 | esac
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| 161 |
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| 162 | mkdir build &&
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| 163 | cd build &&
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| 164 |
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| 165 | ../configure \
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| 166 | --prefix=/usr \
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| 167 | --disable-multilib \
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| 168 | --with-system-zlib \
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| 169 | --enable-default-pie \
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| 170 | --enable-default-ssp \
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| 171 | --enable-host-pie \
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| 172 | --disable-fixincludes \
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| 173 | --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,go,objc,obj-c++,m2 &&
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| 174 | make</userinput></screen>
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| 175 |
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| 176 | <para>If running tests, as in LFS, remove/fix several known test failures:</para>
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| 177 |
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| 178 | <screen><userinput>sed -e '/cpython/d' -i ../gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/plugin/plugin.exp
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| 179 | sed -e 's/no-pic /&-no-pie /' -i ../gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/i386/pr113689-1.c
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| 180 | sed -e 's/300000/(1|300000)/' -i ../libgomp/testsuite/libgomp.c-c++-common/pr109062.c
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| 181 | sed -e 's/{ target nonpic } //' \
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| 182 | -e '/GOTPCREL/d' -i ../gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/i386/fentryname3.c</userinput></screen>
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| 183 |
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| 184 | <para>
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| 185 | If you have installed additional packages such as
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| 186 | <application>valgrind</application> and <application>gdb</application>,
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| 187 | the <application>gcc</application> part of the test suite will run more
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| 188 | tests than in LFS. Some of those will report FAIL and others XPASS
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| 189 | (pass when expected to FAIL). As of gcc-14.1.0, about 74 FAILs occur
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| 190 | in the <quote>guality</quote> suite, as well as miscellaneous failures
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| 191 | throughout the rest of the test suite.
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| 192 | If all the compilers above are built, there will be a little over 110
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| 193 | unexpected failures out of over 617,000 tests. To run the tests, issue:
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| 194 | </para>
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| 195 |
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| 196 |
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| 197 | <screen><userinput>ulimit -s 32768 &&
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| 198 | make -k check</userinput></screen>
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| 199 | <!-- The command above may error out, so using && may prevent the summary
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| 200 | to be run. -->
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| 201 |
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| 202 | <para>
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| 203 | The tests are very long, and the results may be hard to find in the
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| 204 | logs, specially if you use parallel jobs with make. You can get a summary
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| 205 | of the tests with:
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| 206 | </para>
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| 207 |
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| 208 | <screen><userinput>../contrib/test_summary</userinput></screen>
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| 209 |
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| 210 | <para>
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| 211 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 212 | </para>
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| 213 |
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| 214 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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| 215 |
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| 216 | mkdir -pv /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib &&
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| 217 | mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib &&
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| 218 |
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| 219 | chown -v -R root:root \
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| 220 | /usr/lib/gcc/*linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include{,-fixed} &&
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| 221 |
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| 222 | ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/&gcc-version;/liblto_plugin.so \
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| 223 | /usr/lib/bfd-plugins/</userinput></screen>
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| 224 |
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| 225 | </sect2>
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| 226 |
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| 227 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 228 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 229 |
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| 230 | <para>
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| 231 | <command>mkdir build; cd build</command>: The
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| 232 | <application>GCC</application> documentation recommends
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| 233 | building the package in a dedicated build directory.
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| 234 | </para>
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| 235 |
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| 236 | <para>
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| 237 | <parameter>--disable-multilib</parameter>: This parameter ensures
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| 238 | that files are created for the specific architecture of your computer.
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| 239 | </para>
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| 240 |
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| 241 | <para>
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| 242 | <parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter>: Uses the system
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| 243 | <application>zlib</application> instead of the bundled one.
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| 244 | <application>zlib</application> is used for compressing
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| 245 | and decompressing <application>GCC</application>'s intermediate
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| 246 | language in LTO (Link Time Optimization) object files.
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| 247 | </para>
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| 248 |
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| 249 | <para>
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| 250 | <parameter>--enable-default-pie</parameter>: Makes the
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| 251 | <option>-fpie</option> option the default when compiling programs.
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| 252 | Together with the <xref linkend="gASLR"/> feature enabled in the kernel,
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| 253 | this defeats some kind of attacks based on known memory layouts.
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| 254 | </para>
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| 255 |
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| 256 | <para>
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| 257 | <parameter>--enable-default-ssp</parameter>: Makes the
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| 258 | <option>-fstack-protector-strong</option> option the default when
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| 259 | compiling programs. <xref linkend="gSSP"/> is a technique preventing
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| 260 | alteration of the program flow by corrupting the parameter stack.
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| 261 | </para>
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| 262 |
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| 263 | <para>
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| 264 | <parameter>--enable-host-pie</parameter>: Makes the compiler
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| 265 | executables PIE (Position Independent Executable). This can be used to
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| 266 | enhance protection against ROP (Return Oriented Programming) attacks,
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| 267 | and can be viewed as part of a wider trend to harden binaries.
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| 268 | </para>
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| 269 |
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| 270 | <para>
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| 271 | <parameter>--enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,go,objc,obj-c++,m2</parameter>:
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| 272 | This command identifies which languages to build. You may modify
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| 273 | this command to remove undesired languages. GCC also supports Ada
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| 274 | and D, but building GCC with Ada (or D) support needs an existing
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| 275 | Ada (or D) compiler. So they are not enabled here.
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| 276 | </para>
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| 277 |
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| 278 | <para>
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| 279 | <command>ulimit -s 32768</command>: This command prevents several
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| 280 | tests from running out of stack space.
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| 281 | </para>
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| 282 |
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| 283 | <para>
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| 284 | <command>make -k check</command>: This command runs the test suite
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| 285 | without stopping if any errors are encountered.
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| 286 | </para>
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| 287 |
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| 288 | <para>
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| 289 | <command>../contrib/test_summary</command>: This command will produce
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| 290 | a summary of the test suite results. You can append <command>| grep
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| 291 | -A7 Summ</command> to the command to produce an even more condensed
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| 292 | version of the summary. You may also wish to redirect the output
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| 293 | to a file for review and comparison later on.
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| 294 | </para>
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| 295 |
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| 296 | <para>
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| 297 | <command>mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py ...</command>: The installation
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| 298 | stage puts some files used by <application>gdb</application> under the
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| 299 | <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> directory. This generates
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| 300 | spurious error messages when performing <command>ldconfig</command>. This
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| 301 | command moves the files to another location.
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| 302 | </para>
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| 303 |
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| 304 | <para>
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| 305 | <command>chown -v -R root:root /usr/lib/gcc/*linux-gnu/...</command>:
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| 306 | If the package is built by a user other than root, the ownership of the
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| 307 | installed <filename class="directory">include</filename> directory (and
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| 308 | its content) will be incorrect. This command changes the ownership to the
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| 309 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user and group.
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| 310 | </para>
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| 311 |
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| 312 | <para>
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| 313 | <option>--enable-host-shared --enable-languages=jit</option>:
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| 314 | Build <systemitem class="library">libgccjit</systemitem>, a library
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| 315 | for embedding GCC inside programs and libraries for generating machine
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| 316 | code. Despite <quote>JIT</quote> (just-in-time) in the name, the
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| 317 | library can be used for AOT (ahead-of-time) compilation as well.
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| 318 | <option>--enable-host-shared</option> is needed for building
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| 319 | <systemitem class="library">libgccjit</systemitem>, but it
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| 320 | significantly slows down GCC. So
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| 321 | <systemitem class="library">libgccjit</systemitem> should be built and
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| 322 | installed separately, not as a part of the <quote>main</quote> GCC
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| 323 | installation. If you need this library, configure GCC with
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| 324 | these two options and install the library by running
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| 325 | <!-- from Arch, not tested -->
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| 326 | <command>make -C gcc jit.install-common jit.install-info</command>
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| 327 | as the &root; user. This library is not used by any BLFS package,
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| 328 | nor tested by the BLFS developers.
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| 329 | </para>
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| 330 |
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| 331 | </sect2>
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| 332 |
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| 333 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 334 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 335 |
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| 336 | <para>
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| 337 | Some program and library names and descriptions are not listed here,
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| 338 | but can be found at
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| 339 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/gcc.html#contents-gcc">LFS section
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| 340 | for GCC</ulink> as they were
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| 341 | initially installed during the building of LFS.
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| 342 | </para>
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| 343 |
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| 344 | <segmentedlist>
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| 345 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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| 346 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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| 347 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 348 |
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| 349 | <seglistitem>
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| 350 | <seg>
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| 351 | gccgo, gfortran, gm2, go, and gofmt, hard-linked to architecture
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| 352 | specific names
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| 353 | </seg>
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| 354 | <seg>
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| 355 | libgfortran.{so,a}, libgm2.{so,a}
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| 356 | libgo.{so,a}, libgobegin.a, libgolibbegin.a,
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| 357 | libobjc.{so,a}, and numerous other run-time libraries and executables
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| 358 | </seg>
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| 359 | <seg>
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| 360 | /usr/lib/go
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| 361 | </seg>
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| 362 | </seglistitem>
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| 363 | </segmentedlist>
|
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| 364 |
|
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| 365 | <variablelist>
|
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| 366 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
|
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| 367 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
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| 368 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
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| 369 |
|
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| 370 | <varlistentry id="gccgo">
|
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| 371 | <term><command>gccgo</command></term>
|
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| 372 | <listitem>
|
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| 373 | <para>
|
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| 374 | is a GCC-based compiler for the <application>Go</application>
|
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| 375 | language
|
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| 376 | </para>
|
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| 377 | <indexterm zone="gcc gccgo">
|
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| 378 | <primary sortas="b-gccgo">gccgo</primary>
|
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| 379 | </indexterm>
|
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| 380 | </listitem>
|
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| 381 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 382 |
|
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| 383 | <varlistentry id="gm2">
|
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| 384 | <term><command>gm2</command></term>
|
|---|
| 385 | <listitem>
|
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| 386 | <para>
|
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| 387 | is a GCC-based compiler for the
|
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| 388 | <application>Modula-2</application> language
|
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| 389 | </para>
|
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| 390 | <indexterm zone="gcc gm2">
|
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| 391 | <primary sortas="b-gm2">gm2</primary>
|
|---|
| 392 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 393 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 394 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 395 |
|
|---|
| 396 | <varlistentry id="go">
|
|---|
| 397 | <term><command>go</command></term>
|
|---|
| 398 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 399 | <para>
|
|---|
| 400 | is a tool for managing <application>Go</application> source code
|
|---|
| 401 | </para>
|
|---|
| 402 | <indexterm zone="gcc go">
|
|---|
| 403 | <primary sortas="b-go">go</primary>
|
|---|
| 404 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 405 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 406 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 407 |
|
|---|
| 408 | <varlistentry id="gofmt">
|
|---|
| 409 | <term><command>gofmt</command></term>
|
|---|
| 410 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 411 | <para>
|
|---|
| 412 | is a tool for formatting <application>Go</application> source code
|
|---|
| 413 | </para>
|
|---|
| 414 | <indexterm zone="gcc gofmt">
|
|---|
| 415 | <primary sortas="b-gofmt">gofmt</primary>
|
|---|
| 416 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 417 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 418 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 419 | <!--
|
|---|
| 420 | <varlistentry id="gdc">
|
|---|
| 421 | <term><command>gdc</command></term>
|
|---|
| 422 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 423 | <para>
|
|---|
| 424 | is a GCC-based compiler for the <application>D</application>
|
|---|
| 425 | language
|
|---|
| 426 | </para>
|
|---|
| 427 | <indexterm zone="gcc gdc">
|
|---|
| 428 | <primary sortas="b-gdc">gdc</primary>
|
|---|
| 429 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 430 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 431 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 432 | -->
|
|---|
| 433 | <varlistentry id="gfortran">
|
|---|
| 434 | <term><command>gfortran</command></term>
|
|---|
| 435 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 436 | <para>
|
|---|
| 437 | is a GCC-based compiler for the <application>Fortran</application>
|
|---|
| 438 | language
|
|---|
| 439 | </para>
|
|---|
| 440 | <indexterm zone="gcc gfortran">
|
|---|
| 441 | <primary sortas="b-gfortran">gfortran</primary>
|
|---|
| 442 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 443 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 444 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 445 |
|
|---|
| 446 | </variablelist>
|
|---|
| 447 |
|
|---|
| 448 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 449 |
|
|---|
| 450 | </sect1>
|
|---|
