1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | <!ENTITY gitgid "58">
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7 | <!ENTITY gituid "58">
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8 | ]>
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9 |
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10 | <sect1 id="gitserver" xreflabel="Running a git Server">
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11 | <?dbhtml filename="gitserver.html"?>
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12 |
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13 | <sect1info>
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14 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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15 | <date>$Date$</date>
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16 | </sect1info>
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17 |
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18 | <title>Running a git Server</title>
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19 |
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20 | <sect2 role="package">
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21 | <title>Running a git Server</title>
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22 |
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23 | <para>
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24 | This section will describe how to set up, administer and secure
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25 | a <application>git</application> server. It is recommended to
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26 | have a look to the <ulink url="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2">git-scm documentation</ulink>
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27 | as <application>git</application> has many options to set.
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28 | </para>
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29 |
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30 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">git Server Dependencies</bridgehead>
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31 |
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32 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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33 | <para role="required">
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34 | <xref linkend="git"/> and
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35 | <xref linkend="openssh"/>
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36 | </para>
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37 |
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38 | </sect2>
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39 |
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40 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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41 | <title>Setting up a git Server.</title>
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42 |
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43 | <para>
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44 | The following instructions will install a
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45 | <application>git</application> server, which will be set
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46 | up to use <application>OpenSSH</application> as the secure
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47 | remote access method.
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48 | </para>
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49 |
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50 | <para>
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51 | Configuration of the <application>git</application> server
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52 | consists of the following steps:
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53 | </para>
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54 |
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55 | <sect3>
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56 | <title>1. Setup Users, Groups, and Permissions</title>
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57 |
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58 | <para>
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59 | You'll need to be user
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60 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> for the
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61 | initial portion of configuration. Create the <systemitem
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62 | class="username">git</systemitem> user and group with the
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63 | following commands:
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64 | </para>
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65 |
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66 | <screen role="root"><userinput>groupadd -g &gitgid; git &&
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67 | useradd -c "git Owner" -d /home/git -m -g git -s /usr/bin/git-shell -u &gituid; git</userinput></screen>
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68 |
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69 | <para>
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70 | Create some files and directories in the home directory
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71 | of the git user. The current approach is to allow access
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72 | to the git repository using ssh keys.
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73 | </para>
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74 |
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75 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -o git -g git -dm0700 /home/git/.ssh &&
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76 | install -o git -g git -m0600 /dev/null /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys
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77 | </userinput></screen>
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78 |
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79 | <para>
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80 | For any developer who should have access to the repository
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81 | add his/hers public ssh key to <filename>/home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys</filename>.
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82 | Prepending some options to prevent users to use the
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83 | connection to git for port forwarding to other machines
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84 | the git server might reach.
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85 | </para>
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86 |
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87 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>echo -n "no-port-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-agent-forwarding,no-pty " >> /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys &&
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88 | cat users-ssh-key >> /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys</userinput></screen>
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89 |
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90 | </sect3>
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91 |
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92 | <sect3>
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93 | <title>2. Create a git repository.</title>
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94 |
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95 | <para>
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96 | The repository can be but has not to be in git users home
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97 | directory - it can be anywhere on the filesystem. It is
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98 | important that the git user has read/write access to that
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99 | location. We use <filename class="directory">/srv/git</filename>
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100 | as base directory. Create a new <application>git</application>
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101 | repository with the following commands (as the
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102 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user):
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103 | </para>
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104 |
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105 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -o git -g git -m0755 -d /srv/git/project1.git &&
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106 | cd /srv/git/project1.git &&
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107 | git init --bare &&
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108 | chown -R git:git .</userinput></screen>
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109 |
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110 | <para>
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111 | Now that the repository is created, it can be used by the
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112 | developers to put some files into it. Once the ssh key of
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113 | the user is imported to git's <filename>authorized_keys</filename>
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114 | file, the user can interact with the repository.
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115 | </para>
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116 |
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117 | <para>
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118 | A minimal configuration should be available on developers
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119 | machine specifying its user name and the email address.
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120 | Create this minimal config file on client side:
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121 | </para>
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122 |
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123 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > ~/.gitconfig <<EOF
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124 | [user]
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125 | name = <users-name>
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126 | email = <users-email-address>
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127 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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128 |
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129 | <para>On the developers machine, setup some files to be pushed
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130 | to the repository as the initial content:
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131 | </para>
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132 |
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133 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir myproject
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134 | cd myproject
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135 | git init
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136 | git remote add origin git@gitserver:/srv/git/project1.git
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137 | cat >README <<EOF
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138 | This is the README file
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139 | EOF
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140 | git add README
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141 | git commit -m 'Initial creation of README'
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142 | git push --set-upstream origin master</userinput></screen>
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143 |
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144 | <para>The initial content is now pushed to the server and
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145 | is available for other users. On the current machine, the
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146 | argument <literal>--set-upstream origin master</literal> is
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147 | now no longer required as the local repository is now
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148 | connected to the remote repository. Subsequent pushes
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149 | can be performed as
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150 | </para>
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151 |
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152 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>git push</userinput></screen>
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153 |
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154 | <para>
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155 | Other developers can now clone the repository and do
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156 | modifications to the content (as long as their ssh keys
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157 | has been installed):
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158 | </para>
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159 |
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160 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>git clone git@gitserver:/srv/git/project1.git
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161 | cd project1
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162 | vi README
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163 | git commit -am 'Fix for README file'
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164 | git push</userinput></screen>
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165 |
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166 | <note>
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167 | <para>
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168 | This is a very basic server setup based on <application>OpenSSH</application>
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169 | access. All developers are using the <systemitem
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170 | class="username">git</systemitem> user to perform actions
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171 | on the repository and the changes users are commiting can
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172 | be distiguished as the local user name (see
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173 | <filename>~/.gitconfig</filename>) is recorded in the
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174 | changesets.</para>
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175 | </note>
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176 |
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177 | <para>Access is restricted by the public keys added to git's
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178 | <filename>authorized_keys</filename> file and there is no
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179 | option for the public to export/clone the repository. To
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180 | enable this, continue with step 3 to setup the git server.
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181 | </para>
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182 |
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183 | </sect3>
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184 |
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185 | <sect3>
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186 | <title>3. Configure the Server</title>
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187 |
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188 | <para>
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189 | The setup described above makes a repository available for
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190 | authenticated users (via providing the ssh public key file).
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191 | There is also a quite simple server to publish the
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192 | repository to unauthenticated users - of course without write
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193 | access.
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194 | </para>
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195 | <para>
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196 | The compination of access via ssh (for authenticated users) and
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197 | the export of repositories to unauthenticated users via the
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198 | daemon is in most cases enough for a development site.
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199 | </para>
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200 |
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201 | <note>
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202 | <para>
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203 | The daemon will be reachable at port <literal>9418</literal>
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204 | by default. Make sure that your firewall setup allows
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205 | access to that port.
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206 | </para>
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207 | </note>
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208 |
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209 | <para>
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210 | As user <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> do:
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211 | </para>
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212 |
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213 | <screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>cat > /etc/rc.d/init.d/git-daemon <<"EOF"
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214 | #!/bin/sh
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215 | ########################################################################
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216 | # Begin /etc/rc.d/init.d/git-daemon
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217 | #
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218 | # Description : Start/Stop git as a daemon
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219 | #
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220 | # Authors :
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221 | #
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222 | # Version : LFS x.x
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223 | #
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224 | # Notes :
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225 | #
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226 | ########################################################################
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227 |
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228 | ### BEGIN INIT INFO
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229 | # Provides: git-daemon
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230 | # Required-Start: network
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231 | # Should-Start:
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232 | # Required-Stop:
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233 | # Should-Stop:
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234 | # Default-Start:
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235 | # Default-Stop:
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236 | # Short-Description: git as daemon
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237 | # Description:
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238 | # X-LFS-Provided-By:
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239 | ### END INIT INFO
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240 |
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241 | . /lib/lsb/init-functions
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242 |
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243 | GIT_BIN="/usr/bin/git"
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244 | DFT_REPO_DIR="/srv/git/"
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245 | PID_FILE="/run/git-daemon.pid"
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246 |
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247 | case "${1}" in
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248 | start)
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249 | log_info_msg "Starting git-daemon ..."
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250 | $GIT_BIN daemon \
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251 | --detach --pid-file=$PID_FILE \
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252 | --user=git --group=git \
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253 | --reuseaddr --base-path=$DFT_REPO_DIR $DFT_REPO_DIR
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254 | evaluate_retval
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255 | ;;
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256 |
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257 | stop)
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258 | log_info_msg "Stopping git-daemon ..."
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259 | killproc -p $PID_FILE $GIT_BIN
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260 | evaluate_retval
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261 | ;;
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262 |
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263 | restart)
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264 | ${0} stop
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265 | sleep 1
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266 | ${0} start
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267 | ;;
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268 |
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269 | *)
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270 | echo "Usage: ${0} {start|stop|restart}"
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271 | exit 1
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272 | ;;
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273 | esac
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274 |
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275 | exit 0
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276 |
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277 | # End /etc/rc.d/init.d/git-daemon
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278 | EOF
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279 | chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/git-daemon
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280 | ln -v -sf ../init.d/git-daemon /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K29git-daemon
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281 | ln -v -sf ../init.d/git-daemon /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K29git-daemon
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282 | ln -v -sf ../init.d/git-daemon /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K29git-daemon
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283 | ln -v -sf ../init.d/git-daemon /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S50git-daemon
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284 | ln -v -sf ../init.d/git-daemon /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S50git-daemon
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285 | ln -v -sf ../init.d/git-daemon /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S50git-daemon
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286 | ln -v -sf ../init.d/git-daemon /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/K29git-daemon</userinput></screen>
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287 |
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288 | <screen role="root" revision="systemd"><userinput>cat > /etc/systemd/system/git-daemon.service <<EOF
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289 | [Unit]
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290 | Description=Start Git Daemon
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291 |
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292 | [Service]
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293 | ExecStart=/usr/bin/git daemon --reuseaddr --base-path=/srv/git/ /srv/git/
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294 |
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295 | Restart=always
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296 | RestartSec=500ms
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297 |
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298 | StandardOutput=syslog
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299 | StandardError=syslog
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300 | SyslogIdentifier=git-daemon
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301 |
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302 | User=git
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303 | Group=git
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304 |
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305 | [Install]
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306 | WantedBy=multi-user.target
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307 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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308 | <para revision="systemd">
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309 | Enable and start the daemon be executing
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310 | </para>
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311 | <screen role="root" revision="systemd"><userinput>systemctl enable git-daemon &&
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312 | systemctl start git-daemon</userinput></screen>
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313 | <para revision="sysv">
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314 | Start the daemon be executing
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315 | </para>
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316 | <screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>/etc/rc.d/init.d/git-daemon start</userinput></screen>
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317 |
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318 | <para>
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319 | In order to make <application>git</application> exporting a
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320 | repository, a file named <filename>git-daemon-export-ok</filename>
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321 | is required in each repository directory on the server. The
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322 | file needs no content, just its existance enables, its absence
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323 | disables the export of that repository.
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324 | </para>
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325 |
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326 | <screen role="root"><userinput>touch /srv/git/project1.git/git-daemon-export-ok</userinput></screen>
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327 |
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328 | </sect3>
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329 |
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330 | </sect2>
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331 |
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332 | </sect1>
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