[ab4fdfc] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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[6732c094] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[52d29f7] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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[2cee003] | 7 | <!ENTITY python3-download-http
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[3f89ec5] | 8 | "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/&python3-version;/Python-&python3-version;.tar.xz">
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[355495ce] | 9 | <!ENTITY python3-download-ftp " ">
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[62516be] | 10 | <!ENTITY python3-md5sum "c6c933c1a0db52597cb45a7910490f93">
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[48fdd87] | 11 | <!ENTITY python3-size "19 MB">
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[62516be] | 12 | <!ENTITY python3-buildsize "337 MB (add 60 MB for tests)">
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[8edd564] | 13 | <!ENTITY python3-time "1.5 SBU (add 0.7 SBU for tests; both using parallelism=4)">
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[e882fc37] | 14 | <!--
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[deaa200] | 15 | Note: Size does not reflect docs that were installed in LFS.
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[c9b65a3d] | 16 | Test time measured with 60 second timeout.
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[3df4c93] | 17 | -->
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[2cee003] | 18 | <!ENTITY python3htmldoc-download-http
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[1fe05eb] | 19 | "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/doc/&python3-version;/python-&python3-version;-docs-html.tar.bz2">
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[10adcce] | 20 | <!ENTITY python3-docs-md5sum "dc8310645d00143661062779196e551e" >
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[52d29f7] | 21 | ]>
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| 22 |
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[b88be39] | 23 | <sect1 id="python3" xreflabel="Python-&python3-version;">
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| 24 | <?dbhtml filename="python3.html" ?>
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[83f69e5d] | 25 |
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| 26 |
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[b88be39] | 27 | <title>Python-&python3-version;</title>
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[83f69e5d] | 28 |
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[b88be39] | 29 | <indexterm zone="python3">
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[03d30cf] | 30 | <primary sortas="a-Python3">Python3</primary>
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[83f69e5d] | 31 | </indexterm>
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| 32 |
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| 33 | <sect2 role="package">
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[03d30cf] | 34 | <title>Introduction to Python 3</title>
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[83f69e5d] | 35 |
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[355495ce] | 36 | <para>
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[03d30cf] | 37 | The <application>Python 3</application> package contains the
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[355495ce] | 38 | <application>Python</application> development environment.
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| 39 | This is useful for object-oriented programming, writing scripts,
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| 40 | prototyping large programs or developing entire applications.
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| 41 | </para>
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[48b816cb] | 42 |
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[de33b2a] | 43 | <note>
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| 44 | <para>
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| 45 | <application>Python 3</application> was installed in LFS.
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| 46 | The only reason to rebuild it here is if optional modules
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[b9a6bcc0] | 47 | are needed, or to upgrade this package.
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[de33b2a] | 48 | </para>
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| 49 | </note>
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[60ddbaf] | 50 |
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[aa996df1] | 51 | &lfs122_checked;
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[48b816cb] | 52 |
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[bd68243] | 53 | <important>
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| 54 | <para>
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| 55 | If upgrading to a new Python-3 minor version (for example,
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[7420ff72] | 56 | from Python-3.11.x to Python-3.12.0), you will need to reinstall
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[bd68243] | 57 | any Python3 modules you have installed. You should also
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| 58 | reinstall packages that generate Python3 modules
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[54d58907] | 59 | including
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[c0bc0a9] | 60 | &gobject-introspection;,
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[8748122] | 61 | <xref linkend="libxml2"/>,
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[bd68243] | 62 | <xref linkend="opencv"/>,
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[26ca5bd0] | 63 | <xref linkend="fontforge"/>,
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| 64 | <xref linkend="gnome-tweaks"/>,
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| 65 | <xref linkend="samba"/>, and
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[bf09c25] | 66 | <xref linkend="graphviz"/> (if swig is installed).
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| 67 | </para>
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| 68 |
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[fb0bbe2] | 69 | <para>Before you upgrade, you can get a list of modules installed
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| 70 | with <command>pip3 list</command>. The list may be incomplete as
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| 71 | some Python modules are not installed with <command>pip3</command>,
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| 72 | for example the <literal>cracklib</literal> module installed by
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| 73 | <xref role='nodep' linkend='cracklib'/>. Use <command>ls
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| 74 | /usr/lib/python3.<replaceable>minor</replaceable>/site-packages</command>
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| 75 | for a comprehensive list.
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[bd68243] | 76 | </para>
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[ec288f7] | 77 |
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| 78 | <para>
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[fb0bbe2] | 79 | The Python modules from LFS will also have to be reinstalled:
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| 80 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/flit-core.html">flit-core</ulink>,
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[32c1b77] | 81 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/wheel.html">wheel</ulink>,
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[7420ff72] | 82 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/setuptools.html">setuptools</ulink>,
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[32c1b77] | 83 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/meson.html">meson</ulink>,
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| 84 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/markupsafe.html">MarkupSafe</ulink>,
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| 85 | and <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/jinja2.html">Jinja2</ulink>.
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[ec288f7] | 86 | </para>
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[bd68243] | 87 | </important>
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| 88 |
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[83f69e5d] | 89 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 90 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 91 | <listitem>
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[355495ce] | 92 | <para>
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| 93 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&python3-download-http;"/>
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| 94 | </para>
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[83f69e5d] | 95 | </listitem>
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| 96 | <listitem>
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[355495ce] | 97 | <para>
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| 98 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&python3-download-ftp;"/>
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| 99 | </para>
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[83f69e5d] | 100 | </listitem>
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| 101 | <listitem>
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[355495ce] | 102 | <para>
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| 103 | Download MD5 sum: &python3-md5sum;
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| 104 | </para>
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[83f69e5d] | 105 | </listitem>
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| 106 | <listitem>
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[355495ce] | 107 | <para>
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| 108 | Download size: &python3-size;
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| 109 | </para>
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[83f69e5d] | 110 | </listitem>
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| 111 | <listitem>
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[355495ce] | 112 | <para>
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| 113 | Estimated disk space required: &python3-buildsize;
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| 114 | </para>
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[83f69e5d] | 115 | </listitem>
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| 116 | <listitem>
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[355495ce] | 117 | <para>
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| 118 | Estimated build time: &python3-time;
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| 119 | </para>
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[83f69e5d] | 120 | </listitem>
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| 121 | </itemizedlist>
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[e882fc37] | 122 |
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[3df4c93] | 123 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Optional Download</bridgehead>
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| 124 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 125 | <listitem>
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| 126 | <para>
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| 127 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&python3htmldoc-download-http;"/>
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| 128 | </para>
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| 129 | </listitem>
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| 130 | <listitem>
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| 131 | <para>
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| 132 | Download MD5 sum: &python3-docs-md5sum;
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| 133 | </para>
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| 134 | </listitem>
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| 135 | </itemizedlist>
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| 136 |
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[03d30cf] | 137 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Python 3 Dependencies</bridgehead>
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[e882fc37] | 138 |
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[693f28e1] | 139 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
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| 140 | <para role="recommended">
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[a82b5f44] | 141 | <xref linkend="sqlite"/> (required if building firefox or thunderbird)
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[693f28e1] | 142 | </para>
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| 143 |
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[83f69e5d] | 144 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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[355495ce] | 145 | <para role="optional">
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[7fe0ce3b] | 146 | <xref linkend="bluez"/>,
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[e882fc37] | 147 | <xref linkend="gdb"/> (required for some tests),
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| 148 | <xref linkend="valgrind"/>, and
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[4e207bb] | 149 | <ulink url="https://www.bytereef.org/mpdecimal/">libmpdec</ulink>
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[355495ce] | 150 | </para>
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| 151 |
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| 152 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (For Additional Modules)</bridgehead>
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| 153 | <para role="optional">
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[dcd5a063] | 154 | <xref linkend="libnsl"/>,
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| 155 | <xref linkend="tk"/>, and
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| 156 | &berkeley-db;
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[355495ce] | 157 | </para>
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[ce33273] | 158 |
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[42ddc30] | 159 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">Editor Notes:
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[355495ce] | 160 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/Python3"/>
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| 161 | </para>
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[83f69e5d] | 162 | </sect2>
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| 163 |
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| 164 | <sect2 role="installation">
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[03d30cf] | 165 | <title>Installation of Python 3</title>
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[83f69e5d] | 166 |
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[355495ce] | 167 | <para>
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[03d30cf] | 168 | Install <application>Python 3</application> by running the following
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[355495ce] | 169 | commands:
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| 170 | </para>
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[83f69e5d] | 171 |
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[a87fb41] | 172 | <screen><userinput>CXX="/usr/bin/g++" \
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| 173 | ./configure --prefix=/usr \
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| 174 | --enable-shared \
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| 175 | --with-system-expat \
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| 176 | --enable-optimizations &&
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[83f69e5d] | 177 | make</userinput></screen>
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| 178 |
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[355495ce] | 179 | <para>
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[c721d0d] | 180 | Some tests are known to occasionally hang indefinitely. So to test
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| 181 | the results, run the test suite but set a 2-minute time limit for each
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| 182 | test case:
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| 183 | </para>
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| 184 |
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| 185 | <screen remap='test'><userinput>make test TESTOPTS="--timeout 120"</userinput></screen>
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| 186 |
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[c9b65a3d] | 187 | <!--
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| 188 | For Python-3.12.3 all tests pass
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[c721d0d] | 189 | Total tests: run=41,778 skipped=1,155
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| 190 | Total test files: run=485/488 skipped=24 resource_denied=3
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[c9b65a3d] | 191 |
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| 192 | For Python-3.13.4
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| 193 | Total tests: run=42,152 failures=6 skipped=1,234
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| 194 | Total test files: run=487/489 failed=4 skipped=17 resource_denied=6 rerun=4
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[c721d0d] | 195 | -->
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| 196 |
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| 197 | <para>
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| 198 | For a relatively slow system you may need to increase the time
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| 199 | limit and 1 SBU (measured when building Binutils pass 1 with one CPU
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| 200 | core) should be enough. Some tests are flaky, so the test suite will
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| 201 | automatically re-run failed tests. If a test failed but then passed
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| 202 | when re-run, it should be considered as passed.
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[355495ce] | 203 | </para>
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| 204 |
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[c9b65a3d] | 205 | <para>
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| 206 | Of over 42,000 tests, the following are known to fail: test__xxsubinterpreters,
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| 207 | test_import, test_interpreters, and test_threading.
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| 208 | </para>
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| 209 |
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[355495ce] | 210 | <para>
|
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| 211 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 212 | </para>
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| 213 |
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[3df4c93] | 214 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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| 215 |
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| 216 | <para>
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[1fe05eb] | 217 | If upgrading and the documentation has been downloaded, optionally install
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[3df4c93] | 218 | it as the &root; user:
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| 219 | </para>
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| 220 |
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[4be7bcd] | 221 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -dm755 /usr/share/doc/python-&python3-version;/html
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| 222 |
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| 223 | tar --strip-components=1 \
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[3df4c93] | 224 | --no-same-owner \
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| 225 | --no-same-permissions \
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| 226 | -C /usr/share/doc/python-&python3-version;/html \
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| 227 | -xvf ../python-&python3-version;-docs-html.tar.bz2</userinput></screen>
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[1970f00] | 228 |
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[879d269] | 229 | </sect2>
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| 230 |
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| 231 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 232 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 233 |
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[fd69a62] | 234 | <para>
|
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| 235 | <command> CXX="/usr/bin/g++" ./configure ...</command>: Avoid an annoying
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| 236 | message during configuration.
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| 237 | </para>
|
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| 238 |
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[355495ce] | 239 | <para>
|
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[f1d7196] | 240 | <parameter>--with-system-expat</parameter>: This switch enables linking
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| 241 | against the system version of <application>Expat</application>.
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[355495ce] | 242 | </para>
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| 243 |
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[988edbf5] | 244 | <!--
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[fd69a62] | 245 | <para>
|
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[6e94284] | 246 | <parameter>- -with-ensurepip=yes</parameter> : This switch enables building
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[8558044] | 247 | the <command>pip</command> and <command>setuptools</command> packaging
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[229d0692] | 248 | programs. <command>setuptools</command> is needed for building some
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| 249 | Python modules.
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[fd69a62] | 250 | </para>
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[988edbf5] | 251 | -->
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[f1d7196] | 252 |
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[7c57f82] | 253 | <para>
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[a0bb9145] | 254 | <parameter>--enable-optimizations</parameter>: This switch enables
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[a87fb41] | 255 | stable, but expensive, optimizations.
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[7c57f82] | 256 | </para>
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| 257 |
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| 258 | <para>
|
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| 259 | <option>--with-lto</option>: This optional switch enables thick Link
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| 260 | Time Optimization. Unusually, it creates a much larger <filename
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[4e207bb] | 261 | class="libraryfile">/usr/lib/python&python3-majorver;/config-&python3-majorver;-<arch>-linux-gnu/libpython&python3-majorver;.a</filename>
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[7c57f82] | 262 | with a small increase in the time to compile
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| 263 | <application>Python</application>. Run-time results do not appear to show
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| 264 | any benefit from doing this.
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| 265 | </para>
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[7224506] | 266 |
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[879d269] | 267 | </sect2>
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| 268 |
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| 269 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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[03d30cf] | 270 | <title>Configuring Python 3</title>
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[879d269] | 271 |
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[355495ce] | 272 | <para>
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[03d30cf] | 273 | In order for <command>python3</command> to find the installed
|
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[d7015e7] | 274 | documentation, create the following version independent symlink:
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[355495ce] | 275 | </para>
|
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[1970f00] | 276 |
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[d7015e7] | 277 | <screen role="root"><userinput>ln -svfn python-&python3-version; /usr/share/doc/python-3</userinput></screen>
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| 278 |
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| 279 | <para>
|
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| 280 | and add the following environment variable to the individual user's or
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| 281 | system's profile:
|
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| 282 | </para>
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| 283 |
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| 284 | <screen role="root"><userinput>export PYTHONDOCS=/usr/share/doc/python-3/html</userinput></screen>
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[83f69e5d] | 285 |
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| 286 | </sect2>
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| 287 |
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| 288 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 289 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 290 |
|
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| 291 | <segmentedlist>
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| 292 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
|
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| 293 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
|
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| 294 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
|
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| 295 |
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| 296 | <seglistitem>
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[355495ce] | 297 | <seg>
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[f2ff0e4] | 298 | 2to3 (symlink) and
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[355495ce] | 299 | 2to3-&python3-majorver;,
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| 300 |
|
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[229d0692] | 301 | <!--
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[f2ff0e4] | 302 | easy_install-&python3-majorver;,
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[229d0692] | 303 | -->
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[f2ff0e4] | 304 |
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| 305 | idle3 (symlink) and
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| 306 | idle&python3-majorver;,
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[f5c5306] | 307 |
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[deaa200] | 308 | pip3 and
|
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[f2ff0e4] | 309 | pip&python3-majorver;,
|
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| 310 |
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[deaa200] | 311 | pydoc3 (symlink) and
|
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[355495ce] | 312 | pydoc&python3-majorver;,
|
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| 313 |
|
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[deaa200] | 314 | python3 (symlink) and
|
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[f2ff0e4] | 315 | python&python3-majorver;, and
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[355495ce] | 316 |
|
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[f2ff0e4] | 317 | python3-config (symlink) and
|
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| 318 | python&python3-majorver;-config
|
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[355495ce] | 319 | </seg>
|
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| 320 | <seg>
|
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[9e91b25] | 321 | libpython&python3-majorver;.so and libpython3.so
|
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[355495ce] | 322 | </seg>
|
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| 323 | <seg>
|
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[9e91b25] | 324 | /usr/include/python&python3-majorver;,
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[355495ce] | 325 | /usr/lib/python&python3-majorver;, and
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| 326 | /usr/share/doc/python-&python3-version;
|
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| 327 | </seg>
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[83f69e5d] | 328 | </seglistitem>
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| 329 | </segmentedlist>
|
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| 330 |
|
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| 331 | <variablelist>
|
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| 332 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
|
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| 333 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
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| 334 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
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[f2ff0e4] | 335 | <!--
|
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| 336 | <varlistentry id="2to3">
|
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| 337 | <term><command>2to3</command></term>
|
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| 338 | <listitem>
|
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| 339 | <para>
|
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| 340 | is designed to assist in the transition between python2 and python3
|
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| 341 | by automatically converting code to be Python3 compatible.
|
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| 342 | </para>
|
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| 343 | <indexterm zone="python3 2to3">
|
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| 344 | <primary sortas="b-2to3">2to3</primary>
|
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| 345 | </indexterm>
|
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| 346 | </listitem>
|
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| 347 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 348 | Put here for easy use when removing Python2 -->
|
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[229d0692] | 349 | <!--
|
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[f2ff0e4] | 350 | <varlistentry id="easy_install">
|
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| 351 | <term><command>easy_install</command></term>
|
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| 352 | <listitem>
|
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| 353 | <para>
|
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| 354 | is a frontend to pip3 to make it easier to configure python modules
|
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[4c24eb0a] | 355 | through the PIP package manager
|
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[f2ff0e4] | 356 | </para>
|
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| 357 | <indexterm zone="python3 easy_install">
|
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| 358 | <primary sortas="python3 easy_install">easy_install</primary>
|
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| 359 | </indexterm>
|
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| 360 | </listitem>
|
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| 361 | </varlistentry>
|
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[229d0692] | 362 | -->
|
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[355495ce] | 363 | <varlistentry id="idle3">
|
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| 364 | <term><command>idle3</command></term>
|
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[83f69e5d] | 365 | <listitem>
|
---|
[355495ce] | 366 | <para>
|
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[d0aecd33] | 367 | is a wrapper script that opens a <application>Python</application>
|
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| 368 | aware GUI editor. For this script to run, you must have installed
|
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| 369 | <application>Tk</application> before Python so that the Tkinter
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[4c24eb0a] | 370 | Python module is built
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[355495ce] | 371 | </para>
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| 372 | <indexterm zone="python3 idle3">
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| 373 | <primary sortas="b-idle3">idle3</primary>
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[83f69e5d] | 374 | </indexterm>
|
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| 375 | </listitem>
|
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| 376 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 377 |
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[355495ce] | 378 | <varlistentry id="pydoc3">
|
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| 379 | <term><command>pydoc3</command></term>
|
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[83f69e5d] | 380 | <listitem>
|
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[355495ce] | 381 | <para>
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| 382 | is the <application>Python</application> documentation
|
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[4c24eb0a] | 383 | tool
|
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[355495ce] | 384 | </para>
|
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| 385 | <indexterm zone="python3 pydoc3">
|
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| 386 | <primary sortas="b-pydoc3">pydo3c</primary>
|
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[83f69e5d] | 387 | </indexterm>
|
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| 388 | </listitem>
|
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| 389 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 390 |
|
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[b88be39] | 391 | <varlistentry id="python3-prog">
|
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[2cee003] | 392 | <term><command>python3</command></term>
|
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[83f69e5d] | 393 | <listitem>
|
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[355495ce] | 394 | <para>
|
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| 395 | is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming
|
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[4c24eb0a] | 396 | language
|
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[355495ce] | 397 | </para>
|
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[b88be39] | 398 | <indexterm zone="python3 python3-prog">
|
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| 399 | <primary sortas="b-python3">python3</primary>
|
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[83f69e5d] | 400 | </indexterm>
|
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| 401 | </listitem>
|
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| 402 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 403 |
|
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[f67f5387] | 404 | <varlistentry id="python-ver">
|
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[b88be39] | 405 | <term><command>python&python3-majorver;</command></term>
|
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[83f69e5d] | 406 | <listitem>
|
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[355495ce] | 407 | <para>
|
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| 408 | is a version-specific name for the <command>python</command>
|
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[4c24eb0a] | 409 | program
|
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[355495ce] | 410 | </para>
|
---|
[b88be39] | 411 | <indexterm zone="python3 python-ver">
|
---|
[4c24eb0a] | 412 | <primary sortas="b-python&python3-majorver;">python&python3-majorver;</primary>
|
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[83f69e5d] | 413 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 414 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 415 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[f2ff0e4] | 416 | <!--
|
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[21e8edc] | 417 | <varlistentry id="pyvenv">
|
---|
| 418 | <term><command>pyvenv</command></term>
|
---|
| 419 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 420 | <para>
|
---|
| 421 | creates virtual <application>Python</application> environments in
|
---|
| 422 | one or more target directories.
|
---|
| 423 | </para>
|
---|
| 424 | <indexterm zone="python3 pyvenv">
|
---|
| 425 | <primary
|
---|
| 426 | sortas="b-python&python3-majorver;">python&python3-majorver;</primary>
|
---|
| 427 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 428 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 429 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[f2ff0e4] | 430 | -->
|
---|
[83f69e5d] | 431 | </variablelist>
|
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| 432 |
|
---|
| 433 | </sect2>
|
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[f45b1953] | 434 |
|
---|
| 435 | </sect1>
|
---|