[52d29f7] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[6732c094] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[52d29f7] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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[2cee003] | 7 | <!ENTITY python3-download-http
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[3f89ec5] | 8 | "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/&python3-version;/Python-&python3-version;.tar.xz">
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[355495ce] | 9 | <!ENTITY python3-download-ftp " ">
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[d877648] | 10 | <!ENTITY python3-md5sum "789210934745a65247a3ebf5da9adb64">
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[229d0692] | 11 | <!ENTITY python3-size "18 MB">
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[d877648] | 12 | <!ENTITY python3-buildsize "201 MB (add 35 MB for tests)">
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| 13 | <!ENTITY python3-time "2.5 SBU (using parallelism=4; add 2.2 SBU for tests)">
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[e882fc37] | 14 | <!--
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[73353e7f] | 15 | Note: Size does not reflect docs that were install in LFS.
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| 16 |
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[2cee003] | 17 | <!ENTITY python3htmldoc-download-http
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[e882fc37] | 18 | "https://docs.python.org/ftp/python/doc/&python3-version;/python-&python3-version;-docs-html.tar.bz2"> -->
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[52d29f7] | 19 | ]>
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| 20 |
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[b88be39] | 21 | <sect1 id="python3" xreflabel="Python-&python3-version;">
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| 22 | <?dbhtml filename="python3.html" ?>
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[83f69e5d] | 23 |
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| 24 | <sect1info>
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| 25 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 26 | </sect1info>
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| 27 |
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[b88be39] | 28 | <title>Python-&python3-version;</title>
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[83f69e5d] | 29 |
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[b88be39] | 30 | <indexterm zone="python3">
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[03d30cf] | 31 | <primary sortas="a-Python3">Python3</primary>
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[83f69e5d] | 32 | </indexterm>
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| 33 |
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| 34 | <sect2 role="package">
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[03d30cf] | 35 | <title>Introduction to Python 3</title>
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[83f69e5d] | 36 |
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[355495ce] | 37 | <para>
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[03d30cf] | 38 | The <application>Python 3</application> package contains the
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[355495ce] | 39 | <application>Python</application> development environment.
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| 40 | This is useful for object-oriented programming, writing scripts,
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| 41 | prototyping large programs or developing entire applications.
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| 42 | </para>
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[48b816cb] | 43 |
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[de33b2a] | 44 | <note>
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| 45 | <para>
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| 46 | <application>Python 3</application> was installed in LFS.
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| 47 | The only reason to rebuild it here is if optional modules
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| 48 | are needed.
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| 49 | </para>
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| 50 | </note>
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[60ddbaf] | 51 |
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[b5645ad] | 52 | &lfs110a_checked;
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[48b816cb] | 53 |
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[83f69e5d] | 54 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 55 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 56 | <listitem>
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[355495ce] | 57 | <para>
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| 58 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&python3-download-http;"/>
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| 59 | </para>
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[83f69e5d] | 60 | </listitem>
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| 61 | <listitem>
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[355495ce] | 62 | <para>
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| 63 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&python3-download-ftp;"/>
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| 64 | </para>
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[83f69e5d] | 65 | </listitem>
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| 66 | <listitem>
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[355495ce] | 67 | <para>
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| 68 | Download MD5 sum: &python3-md5sum;
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| 69 | </para>
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[83f69e5d] | 70 | </listitem>
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| 71 | <listitem>
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[355495ce] | 72 | <para>
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| 73 | Download size: &python3-size;
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| 74 | </para>
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[83f69e5d] | 75 | </listitem>
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| 76 | <listitem>
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[355495ce] | 77 | <para>
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| 78 | Estimated disk space required: &python3-buildsize;
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| 79 | </para>
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[83f69e5d] | 80 | </listitem>
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| 81 | <listitem>
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[355495ce] | 82 | <para>
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| 83 | Estimated build time: &python3-time;
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| 84 | </para>
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[83f69e5d] | 85 | </listitem>
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| 86 | </itemizedlist>
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[e882fc37] | 87 |
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[03d30cf] | 88 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Python 3 Dependencies</bridgehead>
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[e882fc37] | 89 |
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[693f28e1] | 90 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
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| 91 | <para role="recommended">
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[a82b5f44] | 92 | <xref linkend="sqlite"/> (required if building firefox or thunderbird)
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[693f28e1] | 93 | </para>
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| 94 |
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[83f69e5d] | 95 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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[355495ce] | 96 | <para role="optional">
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[7fe0ce3b] | 97 | <xref linkend="bluez"/>,
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[e882fc37] | 98 | <xref linkend="gdb"/> (required for some tests),
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| 99 | <xref linkend="valgrind"/>, and
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[7ffeb4bd] | 100 | <ulink url="http://www.bytereef.org/mpdecimal">libmpdec</ulink>
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[355495ce] | 101 | </para>
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| 102 |
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| 103 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (For Additional Modules)</bridgehead>
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| 104 | <para role="optional">
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[9464475] | 105 | <xref linkend="db"/>,
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| 106 | <xref linkend="libnsl"/>, and
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[6030130] | 107 | <xref linkend="tk"/>
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[355495ce] | 108 | </para>
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[ce33273] | 109 |
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[1039de3] | 110 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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[355495ce] | 111 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/Python3"/>
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| 112 | </para>
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[83f69e5d] | 113 | </sect2>
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| 114 |
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| 115 | <sect2 role="installation">
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[03d30cf] | 116 | <title>Installation of Python 3</title>
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[83f69e5d] | 117 |
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[355495ce] | 118 | <para>
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[03d30cf] | 119 | Install <application>Python 3</application> by running the following
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[355495ce] | 120 | commands:
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| 121 | </para>
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[83f69e5d] | 122 |
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[a87fb41] | 123 | <screen><userinput>CXX="/usr/bin/g++" \
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| 124 | ./configure --prefix=/usr \
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| 125 | --enable-shared \
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| 126 | --with-system-expat \
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| 127 | --with-system-ffi \
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| 128 | --with-ensurepip=yes \
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| 129 | --enable-optimizations &&
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[83f69e5d] | 130 | make</userinput></screen>
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| 131 |
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[355495ce] | 132 | <para>
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[8bed3aa1] | 133 | To test the result, issue <command>make test</command>.
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[4f60bf0] | 134 | Some tests may need an Internet connection.
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[355495ce] | 135 | </para>
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| 136 |
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| 137 | <para>
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| 138 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 139 | </para>
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| 140 |
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[4873baa] | 141 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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[1970f00] | 142 |
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[879d269] | 143 | </sect2>
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| 144 |
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| 145 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 146 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 147 |
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[fd69a62] | 148 | <para>
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| 149 | <command> CXX="/usr/bin/g++" ./configure ...</command>: Avoid an annoying
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| 150 | message during configuration.
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| 151 | </para>
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| 152 |
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[355495ce] | 153 | <para>
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[f1d7196] | 154 | <parameter>--with-system-expat</parameter>: This switch enables linking
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| 155 | against the system version of <application>Expat</application>.
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[355495ce] | 156 | </para>
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| 157 |
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| 158 | <para>
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[f1d7196] | 159 | <parameter>--with-system-ffi</parameter>: This switch enables linking
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[8558044] | 160 | against the system version of <application>libffi</application>.
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[82fac2c] | 161 | </para>
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[fd69a62] | 162 |
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| 163 | <para>
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[23c5563] | 164 | <parameter>--with-ensurepip=yes</parameter> : This switch enables building
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[8558044] | 165 | the <command>pip</command> and <command>setuptools</command> packaging
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[229d0692] | 166 | programs. <command>setuptools</command> is needed for building some
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| 167 | Python modules.
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[fd69a62] | 168 | </para>
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[82fac2c] | 169 |
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[f1d7196] | 170 | <para>
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| 171 | <option>--with-dbmliborder=bdb:gdbm:ndbm</option>: Use this switch
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[229d0692] | 172 | if you want to build the <application>Python</application> DBM Module
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[f1d7196] | 173 | against <application>Berkeley DB</application> instead of
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| 174 | <application>GDBM</application>.
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| 175 | </para>
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| 176 |
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[7c57f82] | 177 | <para>
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[a0bb9145] | 178 | <parameter>--enable-optimizations</parameter>: This switch enables
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[a87fb41] | 179 | stable, but expensive, optimizations.
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[7c57f82] | 180 | </para>
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| 181 |
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| 182 | <para>
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| 183 | <option>--with-lto</option>: This optional switch enables thick Link
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| 184 | Time Optimization. Unusually, it creates a much larger <filename
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[229041f] | 185 | class="libraryfile">/usr/lib/python&python3-majorver;/config-&python3-majorver;-<arch>-linux-gnu/libpython&python3-majorver;.a</filename>
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[7c57f82] | 186 | with a small increase in the time to compile
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| 187 | <application>Python</application>. Run-time results do not appear to show
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| 188 | any benefit from doing this.
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| 189 | </para>
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[d10196e0] | 190 | <!--
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[56da2817] | 191 | <para>
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| 192 | <command>ln -sfv ...</command>: When upgrading to Python-3.8, it was
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| 193 | discovered that the symlink to pip3 is sometimes not created. Create
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| 194 | the symlink so that pip3 can be used as described in the book.
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| 195 | </para>
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[d10196e0] | 196 | -->
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[7224506] | 197 |
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[879d269] | 198 | </sect2>
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| 199 |
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| 200 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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[03d30cf] | 201 | <title>Configuring Python 3</title>
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[879d269] | 202 |
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[355495ce] | 203 | <para>
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[03d30cf] | 204 | In order for <command>python3</command> to find the installed
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[d7015e7] | 205 | documentation, create the following version independent symlink:
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[355495ce] | 206 | </para>
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[1970f00] | 207 |
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[d7015e7] | 208 | <screen role="root"><userinput>ln -svfn python-&python3-version; /usr/share/doc/python-3</userinput></screen>
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| 209 |
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| 210 | <para>
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| 211 | and add the following environment variable to the individual user's or
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| 212 | system's profile:
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| 213 | </para>
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| 214 |
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| 215 | <screen role="root"><userinput>export PYTHONDOCS=/usr/share/doc/python-3/html</userinput></screen>
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[83f69e5d] | 216 |
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| 217 | </sect2>
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| 218 |
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| 219 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 220 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 221 |
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| 222 | <segmentedlist>
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| 223 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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| 224 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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| 225 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 226 |
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| 227 | <seglistitem>
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[355495ce] | 228 | <seg>
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[f2ff0e4] | 229 | 2to3 (symlink) and
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[355495ce] | 230 | 2to3-&python3-majorver;,
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| 231 |
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[229d0692] | 232 | <!--
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[f2ff0e4] | 233 | easy_install-&python3-majorver;,
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[229d0692] | 234 | -->
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[f2ff0e4] | 235 |
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| 236 | idle3 (symlink) and
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| 237 | idle&python3-majorver;,
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[f5c5306] | 238 |
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[f2ff0e4] | 239 | pip3 (symlink) and
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| 240 | pip&python3-majorver;,
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| 241 |
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[4873baa] | 242 | pydoc3 and
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[355495ce] | 243 | pydoc&python3-majorver;,
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| 244 |
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[7fe0ce3b] | 245 | python3 (symlink);
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[f2ff0e4] | 246 | python&python3-majorver;, and
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[355495ce] | 247 |
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[f2ff0e4] | 248 | python3-config (symlink) and
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| 249 | python&python3-majorver;-config
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[355495ce] | 250 | </seg>
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| 251 | <seg>
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[9e91b25] | 252 | libpython&python3-majorver;.so and libpython3.so
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[355495ce] | 253 | </seg>
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| 254 | <seg>
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[9e91b25] | 255 | /usr/include/python&python3-majorver;,
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[355495ce] | 256 | /usr/lib/python&python3-majorver;, and
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| 257 | /usr/share/doc/python-&python3-version;
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| 258 | </seg>
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[83f69e5d] | 259 | </seglistitem>
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| 260 | </segmentedlist>
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| 261 |
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| 262 | <variablelist>
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| 263 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 264 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 265 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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[f2ff0e4] | 266 | <!--
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| 267 | <varlistentry id="2to3">
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| 268 | <term><command>2to3</command></term>
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| 269 | <listitem>
|
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| 270 | <para>
|
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| 271 | is designed to assist in the transition between python2 and python3
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| 272 | by automatically converting code to be Python3 compatible.
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| 273 | </para>
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| 274 | <indexterm zone="python3 2to3">
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| 275 | <primary sortas="b-2to3">2to3</primary>
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| 276 | </indexterm>
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| 277 | </listitem>
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| 278 | </varlistentry>
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| 279 | Put here for easy use when removing Python2 -->
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[229d0692] | 280 | <!--
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[f2ff0e4] | 281 | <varlistentry id="easy_install">
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| 282 | <term><command>easy_install</command></term>
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| 283 | <listitem>
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| 284 | <para>
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| 285 | is a frontend to pip3 to make it easier to configure python modules
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[4c24eb0a] | 286 | through the PIP package manager
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[f2ff0e4] | 287 | </para>
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| 288 | <indexterm zone="python3 easy_install">
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| 289 | <primary sortas="python3 easy_install">easy_install</primary>
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| 290 | </indexterm>
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| 291 | </listitem>
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| 292 | </varlistentry>
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[229d0692] | 293 | -->
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[355495ce] | 294 | <varlistentry id="idle3">
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| 295 | <term><command>idle3</command></term>
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[83f69e5d] | 296 | <listitem>
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[355495ce] | 297 | <para>
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[d0aecd33] | 298 | is a wrapper script that opens a <application>Python</application>
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| 299 | aware GUI editor. For this script to run, you must have installed
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| 300 | <application>Tk</application> before Python so that the Tkinter
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[4c24eb0a] | 301 | Python module is built
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[355495ce] | 302 | </para>
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| 303 | <indexterm zone="python3 idle3">
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| 304 | <primary sortas="b-idle3">idle3</primary>
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[83f69e5d] | 305 | </indexterm>
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| 306 | </listitem>
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| 307 | </varlistentry>
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| 308 |
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[355495ce] | 309 | <varlistentry id="pydoc3">
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| 310 | <term><command>pydoc3</command></term>
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[83f69e5d] | 311 | <listitem>
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[355495ce] | 312 | <para>
|
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| 313 | is the <application>Python</application> documentation
|
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[4c24eb0a] | 314 | tool
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[355495ce] | 315 | </para>
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| 316 | <indexterm zone="python3 pydoc3">
|
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| 317 | <primary sortas="b-pydoc3">pydo3c</primary>
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[83f69e5d] | 318 | </indexterm>
|
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| 319 | </listitem>
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| 320 | </varlistentry>
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| 321 |
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[b88be39] | 322 | <varlistentry id="python3-prog">
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[2cee003] | 323 | <term><command>python3</command></term>
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[83f69e5d] | 324 | <listitem>
|
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[355495ce] | 325 | <para>
|
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| 326 | is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming
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[4c24eb0a] | 327 | language
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[355495ce] | 328 | </para>
|
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[b88be39] | 329 | <indexterm zone="python3 python3-prog">
|
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| 330 | <primary sortas="b-python3">python3</primary>
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[83f69e5d] | 331 | </indexterm>
|
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| 332 | </listitem>
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| 333 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 334 |
|
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[f67f5387] | 335 | <varlistentry id="python-ver">
|
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[b88be39] | 336 | <term><command>python&python3-majorver;</command></term>
|
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[83f69e5d] | 337 | <listitem>
|
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[355495ce] | 338 | <para>
|
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| 339 | is a version-specific name for the <command>python</command>
|
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[4c24eb0a] | 340 | program
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[355495ce] | 341 | </para>
|
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[b88be39] | 342 | <indexterm zone="python3 python-ver">
|
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[4c24eb0a] | 343 | <primary sortas="b-python&python3-majorver;">python&python3-majorver;</primary>
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[83f69e5d] | 344 | </indexterm>
|
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| 345 | </listitem>
|
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| 346 | </varlistentry>
|
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[f2ff0e4] | 347 | <!--
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[21e8edc] | 348 | <varlistentry id="pyvenv">
|
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| 349 | <term><command>pyvenv</command></term>
|
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| 350 | <listitem>
|
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| 351 | <para>
|
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| 352 | creates virtual <application>Python</application> environments in
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| 353 | one or more target directories.
|
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| 354 | </para>
|
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| 355 | <indexterm zone="python3 pyvenv">
|
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| 356 | <primary
|
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| 357 | sortas="b-python&python3-majorver;">python&python3-majorver;</primary>
|
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| 358 | </indexterm>
|
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| 359 | </listitem>
|
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| 360 | </varlistentry>
|
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[f2ff0e4] | 361 | -->
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[83f69e5d] | 362 | </variablelist>
|
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| 363 |
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| 364 | </sect2>
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[f45b1953] | 365 |
|
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| 366 | </sect1>
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