| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
|---|
| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
|---|
| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
|
|---|
| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
|
|---|
| 5 | %general-entities;
|
|---|
| 6 |
|
|---|
| 7 | <!ENTITY python3-download-http
|
|---|
| 8 | "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/&python3-version;/Python-&python3-version;.tar.xz">
|
|---|
| 9 | <!ENTITY python3-download-ftp " ">
|
|---|
| 10 | <!ENTITY python3-md5sum "8defb33f0c37aa4bdd3a38ba52abde4e">
|
|---|
| 11 | <!ENTITY python3-size "20 MB">
|
|---|
| 12 | <!ENTITY python3-buildsize "335 MB (add 57 MB for tests)">
|
|---|
| 13 | <!ENTITY python3-time "2.2 SBU (add 1.0 SBU for tests; both using parallelism=4)">
|
|---|
| 14 | <!--
|
|---|
| 15 | Note: Size does not reflect docs that were installed in LFS.
|
|---|
| 16 | -->
|
|---|
| 17 | <!ENTITY python3htmldoc-download-http
|
|---|
| 18 | "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/doc/&python3-version;/python-&python3-version;-docs-html.tar.bz2">
|
|---|
| 19 | <!ENTITY python3-docs-md5sum "8a6310f6288e7f60c3565277ec3b5279" >
|
|---|
| 20 | ]>
|
|---|
| 21 |
|
|---|
| 22 | <sect1 id="python3" xreflabel="Python-&python3-version;">
|
|---|
| 23 | <?dbhtml filename="python3.html" ?>
|
|---|
| 24 |
|
|---|
| 25 |
|
|---|
| 26 | <title>Python-&python3-version;</title>
|
|---|
| 27 |
|
|---|
| 28 | <indexterm zone="python3">
|
|---|
| 29 | <primary sortas="a-Python3">Python3</primary>
|
|---|
| 30 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 31 |
|
|---|
| 32 | <sect2 role="package">
|
|---|
| 33 | <title>Introduction to Python 3</title>
|
|---|
| 34 |
|
|---|
| 35 | <para>
|
|---|
| 36 | The <application>Python 3</application> package contains the
|
|---|
| 37 | <application>Python</application> development environment.
|
|---|
| 38 | This is useful for object-oriented programming, writing scripts,
|
|---|
| 39 | prototyping large programs or developing entire applications.
|
|---|
| 40 | </para>
|
|---|
| 41 |
|
|---|
| 42 | <note>
|
|---|
| 43 | <para>
|
|---|
| 44 | <application>Python 3</application> was installed in LFS.
|
|---|
| 45 | The only reason to rebuild it here is if optional modules
|
|---|
| 46 | are needed, or to upgrade this package.
|
|---|
| 47 | </para>
|
|---|
| 48 | </note>
|
|---|
| 49 |
|
|---|
| 50 | &lfs121_checked;
|
|---|
| 51 |
|
|---|
| 52 | <important>
|
|---|
| 53 | <para>
|
|---|
| 54 | If upgrading to a new Python-3 minor version (for example,
|
|---|
| 55 | from Python-3.11.x to Python-3.12.0), you will need to reinstall
|
|---|
| 56 | any Python3 modules you have installed. You should also
|
|---|
| 57 | reinstall packages that generate Python3 modules
|
|---|
| 58 | including
|
|---|
| 59 | &gobject-introspection;,
|
|---|
| 60 | <xref linkend="libxml2"/>,
|
|---|
| 61 | <xref linkend="opencv"/>,
|
|---|
| 62 | <xref linkend="graphviz"/> (if swig is installed).
|
|---|
| 63 | </para>
|
|---|
| 64 |
|
|---|
| 65 | <para>Before you upgrade, you can get a list of modules installed
|
|---|
| 66 | with <command>pip3 list</command>. The list may be incomplete as
|
|---|
| 67 | some Python modules are not installed with <command>pip3</command>,
|
|---|
| 68 | for example the <literal>cracklib</literal> module installed by
|
|---|
| 69 | <xref role='nodep' linkend='cracklib'/>. Use <command>ls
|
|---|
| 70 | /usr/lib/python3.<replaceable>minor</replaceable>/site-packages</command>
|
|---|
| 71 | for a comprehensive list.
|
|---|
| 72 | </para>
|
|---|
| 73 |
|
|---|
| 74 | <para>
|
|---|
| 75 | The Python modules from LFS will also have to be reinstalled:
|
|---|
| 76 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/flit-core.html">flit-core</ulink>,
|
|---|
| 77 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/wheel.html">wheel</ulink>,
|
|---|
| 78 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/setuptools.html">setuptools</ulink>,
|
|---|
| 79 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/meson.html">meson</ulink>,
|
|---|
| 80 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/markupsafe.html">MarkupSafe</ulink>,
|
|---|
| 81 | and <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/jinja2.html">Jinja2</ulink>.
|
|---|
| 82 | </para>
|
|---|
| 83 | </important>
|
|---|
| 84 |
|
|---|
| 85 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 86 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
|
|---|
| 87 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 88 | <para>
|
|---|
| 89 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&python3-download-http;"/>
|
|---|
| 90 | </para>
|
|---|
| 91 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 92 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 93 | <para>
|
|---|
| 94 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&python3-download-ftp;"/>
|
|---|
| 95 | </para>
|
|---|
| 96 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 97 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 98 | <para>
|
|---|
| 99 | Download MD5 sum: &python3-md5sum;
|
|---|
| 100 | </para>
|
|---|
| 101 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 102 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 103 | <para>
|
|---|
| 104 | Download size: &python3-size;
|
|---|
| 105 | </para>
|
|---|
| 106 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 107 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 108 | <para>
|
|---|
| 109 | Estimated disk space required: &python3-buildsize;
|
|---|
| 110 | </para>
|
|---|
| 111 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 112 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 113 | <para>
|
|---|
| 114 | Estimated build time: &python3-time;
|
|---|
| 115 | </para>
|
|---|
| 116 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 117 | </itemizedlist>
|
|---|
| 118 |
|
|---|
| 119 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Optional Download</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 120 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
|
|---|
| 121 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 122 | <para>
|
|---|
| 123 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&python3htmldoc-download-http;"/>
|
|---|
| 124 | </para>
|
|---|
| 125 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 126 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 127 | <para>
|
|---|
| 128 | Download MD5 sum: &python3-docs-md5sum;
|
|---|
| 129 | </para>
|
|---|
| 130 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 131 | </itemizedlist>
|
|---|
| 132 |
|
|---|
| 133 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Python 3 Dependencies</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 134 |
|
|---|
| 135 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 136 | <para role="recommended">
|
|---|
| 137 | <xref linkend="sqlite"/> (required if building firefox or thunderbird)
|
|---|
| 138 | </para>
|
|---|
| 139 |
|
|---|
| 140 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 141 | <para role="optional">
|
|---|
| 142 | <xref linkend="bluez"/>,
|
|---|
| 143 | <xref linkend="gdb"/> (required for some tests),
|
|---|
| 144 | <xref linkend="valgrind"/>, and
|
|---|
| 145 | <ulink url="https://www.bytereef.org/mpdecimal/">libmpdec</ulink>
|
|---|
| 146 | </para>
|
|---|
| 147 |
|
|---|
| 148 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (For Additional Modules)</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 149 | <para role="optional">
|
|---|
| 150 | <xref linkend="libnsl"/>,
|
|---|
| 151 | <xref linkend="tk"/>, and
|
|---|
| 152 | &berkeley-db;
|
|---|
| 153 | </para>
|
|---|
| 154 |
|
|---|
| 155 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">Editor Notes:
|
|---|
| 156 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/Python3"/>
|
|---|
| 157 | </para>
|
|---|
| 158 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 159 |
|
|---|
| 160 | <sect2 role="installation">
|
|---|
| 161 | <title>Installation of Python 3</title>
|
|---|
| 162 |
|
|---|
| 163 | <para>
|
|---|
| 164 | Install <application>Python 3</application> by running the following
|
|---|
| 165 | commands:
|
|---|
| 166 | </para>
|
|---|
| 167 |
|
|---|
| 168 | <screen><userinput>CXX="/usr/bin/g++" \
|
|---|
| 169 | ./configure --prefix=/usr \
|
|---|
| 170 | --enable-shared \
|
|---|
| 171 | --with-system-expat \
|
|---|
| 172 | --enable-optimizations &&
|
|---|
| 173 | make</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 174 |
|
|---|
| 175 | <para>
|
|---|
| 176 | <!-- I'm getting a test failure with empty $LANG:
|
|---|
| 177 | "test test_curses failed"
|
|---|
| 178 | "_curses.error: inswstr() returned ERR"
|
|---|
| 179 | not sure why, but let's just work around it with LC_ALL.
|
|---|
| 180 |
|
|---|
| 181 | For Python-3.12.0 all tests pass with only LANG=en_US.utf8.
|
|---|
| 182 | Total tests: run=41,505 skipped=1,199
|
|---|
| 183 | Total test files: run=477/483 skipped=12 resource_denied=6
|
|---|
| 184 |
|
|---|
| 185 | For Python-3.12.1 all tests pass
|
|---|
| 186 | Total tests: run=40,624 skipped=1,136
|
|---|
| 187 | Total test files: run=486/489 skipped=24 resource_denied=3
|
|---|
| 188 |
|
|---|
| 189 | For Python-3.12.2 all tests pass
|
|---|
| 190 | Total tests: run=41,580 skipped=1,144
|
|---|
| 191 | Total test files: run=485/488 skipped=23 resource_denied=3
|
|---|
| 192 |
|
|---|
| 193 | For Python-3.12.3 all tests pass
|
|---|
| 194 | Total tests: run=41,778 skipped=1,155
|
|---|
| 195 | Total test files: run=485/488 skipped=24 resource_denied=3
|
|---|
| 196 | -->
|
|---|
| 197 | To test the result, issue <command>LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
|
|---|
| 198 | make test</command>.
|
|---|
| 199 | Some tests may need an Internet connection.
|
|---|
| 200 | </para>
|
|---|
| 201 |
|
|---|
| 202 | <para>
|
|---|
| 203 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
|
|---|
| 204 | </para>
|
|---|
| 205 |
|
|---|
| 206 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 207 |
|
|---|
| 208 | <para>
|
|---|
| 209 | If upgrading and the documentation has been downloaded, optionally install
|
|---|
| 210 | it as the &root; user:
|
|---|
| 211 | </para>
|
|---|
| 212 |
|
|---|
| 213 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -dm755 /usr/share/doc/python-&python3-version;/html
|
|---|
| 214 |
|
|---|
| 215 | tar --strip-components=1 \
|
|---|
| 216 | --no-same-owner \
|
|---|
| 217 | --no-same-permissions \
|
|---|
| 218 | -C /usr/share/doc/python-&python3-version;/html \
|
|---|
| 219 | -xvf ../python-&python3-version;-docs-html.tar.bz2</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 220 |
|
|---|
| 221 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 222 |
|
|---|
| 223 | <sect2 role="commands">
|
|---|
| 224 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
|
|---|
| 225 |
|
|---|
| 226 | <para>
|
|---|
| 227 | <command> CXX="/usr/bin/g++" ./configure ...</command>: Avoid an annoying
|
|---|
| 228 | message during configuration.
|
|---|
| 229 | </para>
|
|---|
| 230 |
|
|---|
| 231 | <para>
|
|---|
| 232 | <parameter>--with-system-expat</parameter>: This switch enables linking
|
|---|
| 233 | against the system version of <application>Expat</application>.
|
|---|
| 234 | </para>
|
|---|
| 235 |
|
|---|
| 236 | <!--
|
|---|
| 237 | <para>
|
|---|
| 238 | <parameter>- -with-ensurepip=yes</parameter> : This switch enables building
|
|---|
| 239 | the <command>pip</command> and <command>setuptools</command> packaging
|
|---|
| 240 | programs. <command>setuptools</command> is needed for building some
|
|---|
| 241 | Python modules.
|
|---|
| 242 | </para>
|
|---|
| 243 | -->
|
|---|
| 244 | <para>
|
|---|
| 245 | <option>--with-dbmliborder=bdb:gdbm:ndbm</option>: Use this switch
|
|---|
| 246 | if you want to build the <application>Python</application> DBM Module
|
|---|
| 247 | against <application>Berkeley DB</application> instead of
|
|---|
| 248 | <application>GDBM</application>.
|
|---|
| 249 | </para>
|
|---|
| 250 |
|
|---|
| 251 | <para>
|
|---|
| 252 | <parameter>--enable-optimizations</parameter>: This switch enables
|
|---|
| 253 | stable, but expensive, optimizations.
|
|---|
| 254 | </para>
|
|---|
| 255 |
|
|---|
| 256 | <para>
|
|---|
| 257 | <option>--with-lto</option>: This optional switch enables thick Link
|
|---|
| 258 | Time Optimization. Unusually, it creates a much larger <filename
|
|---|
| 259 | class="libraryfile">/usr/lib/python&python3-majorver;/config-&python3-majorver;-<arch>-linux-gnu/libpython&python3-majorver;.a</filename>
|
|---|
| 260 | with a small increase in the time to compile
|
|---|
| 261 | <application>Python</application>. Run-time results do not appear to show
|
|---|
| 262 | any benefit from doing this.
|
|---|
| 263 | </para>
|
|---|
| 264 |
|
|---|
| 265 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 266 |
|
|---|
| 267 | <sect2 role="configuration">
|
|---|
| 268 | <title>Configuring Python 3</title>
|
|---|
| 269 |
|
|---|
| 270 | <para>
|
|---|
| 271 | In order for <command>python3</command> to find the installed
|
|---|
| 272 | documentation, create the following version independent symlink:
|
|---|
| 273 | </para>
|
|---|
| 274 |
|
|---|
| 275 | <screen role="root"><userinput>ln -svfn python-&python3-version; /usr/share/doc/python-3</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 276 |
|
|---|
| 277 | <para>
|
|---|
| 278 | and add the following environment variable to the individual user's or
|
|---|
| 279 | system's profile:
|
|---|
| 280 | </para>
|
|---|
| 281 |
|
|---|
| 282 | <screen role="root"><userinput>export PYTHONDOCS=/usr/share/doc/python-3/html</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 283 |
|
|---|
| 284 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 285 |
|
|---|
| 286 | <sect2 role="content">
|
|---|
| 287 | <title>Contents</title>
|
|---|
| 288 |
|
|---|
| 289 | <segmentedlist>
|
|---|
| 290 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
|
|---|
| 291 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
|
|---|
| 292 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
|
|---|
| 293 |
|
|---|
| 294 | <seglistitem>
|
|---|
| 295 | <seg>
|
|---|
| 296 | 2to3 (symlink) and
|
|---|
| 297 | 2to3-&python3-majorver;,
|
|---|
| 298 |
|
|---|
| 299 | <!--
|
|---|
| 300 | easy_install-&python3-majorver;,
|
|---|
| 301 | -->
|
|---|
| 302 |
|
|---|
| 303 | idle3 (symlink) and
|
|---|
| 304 | idle&python3-majorver;,
|
|---|
| 305 |
|
|---|
| 306 | pip3 and
|
|---|
| 307 | pip&python3-majorver;,
|
|---|
| 308 |
|
|---|
| 309 | pydoc3 (symlink) and
|
|---|
| 310 | pydoc&python3-majorver;,
|
|---|
| 311 |
|
|---|
| 312 | python3 (symlink) and
|
|---|
| 313 | python&python3-majorver;, and
|
|---|
| 314 |
|
|---|
| 315 | python3-config (symlink) and
|
|---|
| 316 | python&python3-majorver;-config
|
|---|
| 317 | </seg>
|
|---|
| 318 | <seg>
|
|---|
| 319 | libpython&python3-majorver;.so and libpython3.so
|
|---|
| 320 | </seg>
|
|---|
| 321 | <seg>
|
|---|
| 322 | /usr/include/python&python3-majorver;,
|
|---|
| 323 | /usr/lib/python&python3-majorver;, and
|
|---|
| 324 | /usr/share/doc/python-&python3-version;
|
|---|
| 325 | </seg>
|
|---|
| 326 | </seglistitem>
|
|---|
| 327 | </segmentedlist>
|
|---|
| 328 |
|
|---|
| 329 | <variablelist>
|
|---|
| 330 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 331 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
|---|
| 332 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
|---|
| 333 | <!--
|
|---|
| 334 | <varlistentry id="2to3">
|
|---|
| 335 | <term><command>2to3</command></term>
|
|---|
| 336 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 337 | <para>
|
|---|
| 338 | is designed to assist in the transition between python2 and python3
|
|---|
| 339 | by automatically converting code to be Python3 compatible.
|
|---|
| 340 | </para>
|
|---|
| 341 | <indexterm zone="python3 2to3">
|
|---|
| 342 | <primary sortas="b-2to3">2to3</primary>
|
|---|
| 343 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 344 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 345 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 346 | Put here for easy use when removing Python2 -->
|
|---|
| 347 | <!--
|
|---|
| 348 | <varlistentry id="easy_install">
|
|---|
| 349 | <term><command>easy_install</command></term>
|
|---|
| 350 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 351 | <para>
|
|---|
| 352 | is a frontend to pip3 to make it easier to configure python modules
|
|---|
| 353 | through the PIP package manager
|
|---|
| 354 | </para>
|
|---|
| 355 | <indexterm zone="python3 easy_install">
|
|---|
| 356 | <primary sortas="python3 easy_install">easy_install</primary>
|
|---|
| 357 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 358 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 359 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 360 | -->
|
|---|
| 361 | <varlistentry id="idle3">
|
|---|
| 362 | <term><command>idle3</command></term>
|
|---|
| 363 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 364 | <para>
|
|---|
| 365 | is a wrapper script that opens a <application>Python</application>
|
|---|
| 366 | aware GUI editor. For this script to run, you must have installed
|
|---|
| 367 | <application>Tk</application> before Python so that the Tkinter
|
|---|
| 368 | Python module is built
|
|---|
| 369 | </para>
|
|---|
| 370 | <indexterm zone="python3 idle3">
|
|---|
| 371 | <primary sortas="b-idle3">idle3</primary>
|
|---|
| 372 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 373 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 374 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 375 |
|
|---|
| 376 | <varlistentry id="pydoc3">
|
|---|
| 377 | <term><command>pydoc3</command></term>
|
|---|
| 378 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 379 | <para>
|
|---|
| 380 | is the <application>Python</application> documentation
|
|---|
| 381 | tool
|
|---|
| 382 | </para>
|
|---|
| 383 | <indexterm zone="python3 pydoc3">
|
|---|
| 384 | <primary sortas="b-pydoc3">pydo3c</primary>
|
|---|
| 385 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 386 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 387 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 388 |
|
|---|
| 389 | <varlistentry id="python3-prog">
|
|---|
| 390 | <term><command>python3</command></term>
|
|---|
| 391 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 392 | <para>
|
|---|
| 393 | is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming
|
|---|
| 394 | language
|
|---|
| 395 | </para>
|
|---|
| 396 | <indexterm zone="python3 python3-prog">
|
|---|
| 397 | <primary sortas="b-python3">python3</primary>
|
|---|
| 398 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 399 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 400 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 401 |
|
|---|
| 402 | <varlistentry id="python-ver">
|
|---|
| 403 | <term><command>python&python3-majorver;</command></term>
|
|---|
| 404 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 405 | <para>
|
|---|
| 406 | is a version-specific name for the <command>python</command>
|
|---|
| 407 | program
|
|---|
| 408 | </para>
|
|---|
| 409 | <indexterm zone="python3 python-ver">
|
|---|
| 410 | <primary sortas="b-python&python3-majorver;">python&python3-majorver;</primary>
|
|---|
| 411 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 412 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 413 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 414 | <!--
|
|---|
| 415 | <varlistentry id="pyvenv">
|
|---|
| 416 | <term><command>pyvenv</command></term>
|
|---|
| 417 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 418 | <para>
|
|---|
| 419 | creates virtual <application>Python</application> environments in
|
|---|
| 420 | one or more target directories.
|
|---|
| 421 | </para>
|
|---|
| 422 | <indexterm zone="python3 pyvenv">
|
|---|
| 423 | <primary
|
|---|
| 424 | sortas="b-python&python3-majorver;">python&python3-majorver;</primary>
|
|---|
| 425 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 426 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 427 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 428 | -->
|
|---|
| 429 | </variablelist>
|
|---|
| 430 |
|
|---|
| 431 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 432 |
|
|---|
| 433 | </sect1>
|
|---|
