| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
|---|
| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
|---|
| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
|
|---|
| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
|
|---|
| 5 | %general-entities;
|
|---|
| 6 |
|
|---|
| 7 | <!ENTITY python3-download-http
|
|---|
| 8 | "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/&python3-version;/Python-&python3-version;.tar.xz">
|
|---|
| 9 | <!ENTITY python3-download-ftp " ">
|
|---|
| 10 | <!ENTITY python3-md5sum "f0dc9000312abeb16de4eccce9a870ab">
|
|---|
| 11 | <!ENTITY python3-size "18 MB">
|
|---|
| 12 | <!ENTITY python3-buildsize "379 MB (add 36 MB for tests)">
|
|---|
| 13 | <!ENTITY python3-time "0.5 SBU (using parallelism=4; add 1.7 SBU for tests)">
|
|---|
| 14 | <!--
|
|---|
| 15 | Note: Size does not reflect docs that were install in LFS.
|
|---|
| 16 |
|
|---|
| 17 | <!ENTITY python3htmldoc-download-http
|
|---|
| 18 | "https://docs.python.org/ftp/python/doc/&python3-version;/python-&python3-version;-docs-html.tar.bz2"> -->
|
|---|
| 19 | ]>
|
|---|
| 20 |
|
|---|
| 21 | <sect1 id="python3" xreflabel="Python-&python3-version;">
|
|---|
| 22 | <?dbhtml filename="python3.html" ?>
|
|---|
| 23 |
|
|---|
| 24 | <sect1info>
|
|---|
| 25 | <date>$Date$</date>
|
|---|
| 26 | </sect1info>
|
|---|
| 27 |
|
|---|
| 28 | <title>Python-&python3-version;</title>
|
|---|
| 29 |
|
|---|
| 30 | <indexterm zone="python3">
|
|---|
| 31 | <primary sortas="a-Python3">Python3</primary>
|
|---|
| 32 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 33 |
|
|---|
| 34 | <sect2 role="package">
|
|---|
| 35 | <title>Introduction to Python 3</title>
|
|---|
| 36 |
|
|---|
| 37 | <para>
|
|---|
| 38 | The <application>Python 3</application> package contains the
|
|---|
| 39 | <application>Python</application> development environment.
|
|---|
| 40 | This is useful for object-oriented programming, writing scripts,
|
|---|
| 41 | prototyping large programs or developing entire applications.
|
|---|
| 42 | </para>
|
|---|
| 43 |
|
|---|
| 44 | <note>
|
|---|
| 45 | <para>
|
|---|
| 46 | <application>Python 3</application> was installed in LFS.
|
|---|
| 47 | The only reason to rebuild it here is if optional modules
|
|---|
| 48 | are needed.
|
|---|
| 49 | </para>
|
|---|
| 50 | </note>
|
|---|
| 51 |
|
|---|
| 52 | &lfs101_checked;
|
|---|
| 53 |
|
|---|
| 54 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 55 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
|
|---|
| 56 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 57 | <para>
|
|---|
| 58 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&python3-download-http;"/>
|
|---|
| 59 | </para>
|
|---|
| 60 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 61 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 62 | <para>
|
|---|
| 63 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&python3-download-ftp;"/>
|
|---|
| 64 | </para>
|
|---|
| 65 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 66 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 67 | <para>
|
|---|
| 68 | Download MD5 sum: &python3-md5sum;
|
|---|
| 69 | </para>
|
|---|
| 70 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 71 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 72 | <para>
|
|---|
| 73 | Download size: &python3-size;
|
|---|
| 74 | </para>
|
|---|
| 75 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 76 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 77 | <para>
|
|---|
| 78 | Estimated disk space required: &python3-buildsize;
|
|---|
| 79 | </para>
|
|---|
| 80 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 81 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 82 | <para>
|
|---|
| 83 | Estimated build time: &python3-time;
|
|---|
| 84 | </para>
|
|---|
| 85 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 86 | </itemizedlist>
|
|---|
| 87 |
|
|---|
| 88 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Python 3 Dependencies</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 89 |
|
|---|
| 90 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 91 | <para role="recommended">
|
|---|
| 92 | <xref linkend="sqlite"/> (required if building firefox or thunderbird)
|
|---|
| 93 | </para>
|
|---|
| 94 |
|
|---|
| 95 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 96 | <para role="optional">
|
|---|
| 97 | <xref linkend="bluez"/>,
|
|---|
| 98 | <xref linkend="gdb"/> (required for some tests),
|
|---|
| 99 | <xref linkend="valgrind"/>, and
|
|---|
| 100 | <ulink url="http://www.bytereef.org/mpdecimal">libmpdec</ulink>
|
|---|
| 101 | </para>
|
|---|
| 102 |
|
|---|
| 103 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (For Additional Modules)</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 104 | <para role="optional">
|
|---|
| 105 | <xref linkend="db"/> and
|
|---|
| 106 | <xref linkend="tk"/>
|
|---|
| 107 | </para>
|
|---|
| 108 |
|
|---|
| 109 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
|
|---|
| 110 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/Python3"/>
|
|---|
| 111 | </para>
|
|---|
| 112 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 113 |
|
|---|
| 114 | <sect2 role="installation">
|
|---|
| 115 | <title>Installation of Python 3</title>
|
|---|
| 116 |
|
|---|
| 117 | <para>
|
|---|
| 118 | Fix a header file, which is needed for some use cases:
|
|---|
| 119 | </para>
|
|---|
| 120 |
|
|---|
| 121 | <screen><userinput>sed 's|cpython/||' -i Include/cpython/pystate.h</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 122 |
|
|---|
| 123 | <para>
|
|---|
| 124 | Install <application>Python 3</application> by running the following
|
|---|
| 125 | commands:
|
|---|
| 126 | </para>
|
|---|
| 127 |
|
|---|
| 128 | <screen><userinput>CXX="/usr/bin/g++" \
|
|---|
| 129 | ./configure --prefix=/usr \
|
|---|
| 130 | --enable-shared \
|
|---|
| 131 | --with-system-expat \
|
|---|
| 132 | --with-system-ffi \
|
|---|
| 133 | --with-ensurepip=yes &&
|
|---|
| 134 | make</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 135 |
|
|---|
| 136 | <para>
|
|---|
| 137 | To test the result, issue <command>make test</command>.
|
|---|
| 138 | Some tests may need Internet connection.
|
|---|
| 139 | </para>
|
|---|
| 140 |
|
|---|
| 141 | <para>
|
|---|
| 142 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
|
|---|
| 143 | </para>
|
|---|
| 144 |
|
|---|
| 145 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 146 |
|
|---|
| 147 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 148 |
|
|---|
| 149 | <sect2 role="commands">
|
|---|
| 150 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
|
|---|
| 151 |
|
|---|
| 152 | <para>
|
|---|
| 153 | <command> CXX="/usr/bin/g++" ./configure ...</command>: Avoid an annoying
|
|---|
| 154 | message during configuration.
|
|---|
| 155 | </para>
|
|---|
| 156 |
|
|---|
| 157 | <para>
|
|---|
| 158 | <parameter>--with-system-expat</parameter>: This switch enables linking
|
|---|
| 159 | against the system version of <application>Expat</application>.
|
|---|
| 160 | </para>
|
|---|
| 161 |
|
|---|
| 162 | <para>
|
|---|
| 163 | <parameter>--with-system-ffi</parameter>: This switch enables linking
|
|---|
| 164 | against system version of <application>libffi</application>.
|
|---|
| 165 | </para>
|
|---|
| 166 |
|
|---|
| 167 | <para>
|
|---|
| 168 | <parameter>--with-ensurepip=yes</parameter> : This switch enables building
|
|---|
| 169 | <command>pip</command> and <command>setuptools</command> packaging programs.
|
|---|
| 170 | <command>setuptools</command> is needed for building some Python modules.
|
|---|
| 171 | </para>
|
|---|
| 172 |
|
|---|
| 173 | <para>
|
|---|
| 174 | <option>--with-dbmliborder=bdb:gdbm:ndbm</option>: Use this switch
|
|---|
| 175 | if you want to build <application>Python</application> DBM Module
|
|---|
| 176 | against <application>Berkeley DB</application> instead of
|
|---|
| 177 | <application>GDBM</application>.
|
|---|
| 178 | </para>
|
|---|
| 179 |
|
|---|
| 180 | <para>
|
|---|
| 181 | <option>--enable-optimization</option>: Use this switch
|
|---|
| 182 | if you want to enable <emphasis>expensive</emphasis> optimizations (i.e.
|
|---|
| 183 | Profile Guided Optimizations). This adds around 20 SBU, but can
|
|---|
| 184 | <emphasis>slightly</emphasis> speed up some uses, such as using
|
|---|
| 185 | <application>Sphinx</application> for creating documentation, or use of
|
|---|
| 186 | <application>Python3</application> scripts.
|
|---|
| 187 | </para>
|
|---|
| 188 |
|
|---|
| 189 | <para>
|
|---|
| 190 | <option>--with-lto</option>: This optional switch enables thick Link
|
|---|
| 191 | Time Optimization. Unusually, it creates a much larger <filename
|
|---|
| 192 | class="libraryfile">/usr/lib/python&python3-majorver;/config-&python3-majorver;-<arch>-linux-gnu/libpython&python3-majorver;.a</filename>
|
|---|
| 193 | with a small increase in the time to compile
|
|---|
| 194 | <application>Python</application>. Run-time results do not appear to show
|
|---|
| 195 | any benefit from doing this.
|
|---|
| 196 | </para>
|
|---|
| 197 | <!--
|
|---|
| 198 | <para>
|
|---|
| 199 | <command>ln -sfv ...</command>: When upgrading to Python-3.8, it was
|
|---|
| 200 | discovered that the symlink to pip3 is sometimes not created. Create
|
|---|
| 201 | the symlink so that pip3 can be used as described in the book.
|
|---|
| 202 | </para>
|
|---|
| 203 | -->
|
|---|
| 204 |
|
|---|
| 205 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 206 |
|
|---|
| 207 | <sect2 role="configuration">
|
|---|
| 208 | <title>Configuring Python 3</title>
|
|---|
| 209 |
|
|---|
| 210 | <para>
|
|---|
| 211 | In order for <command>python3</command> to find the installed
|
|---|
| 212 | documentation, create the following version independent symlink:
|
|---|
| 213 | </para>
|
|---|
| 214 |
|
|---|
| 215 | <screen role="root"><userinput>ln -svfn python-&python3-version; /usr/share/doc/python-3</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 216 |
|
|---|
| 217 | <para>
|
|---|
| 218 | and add the following environment variable to the individual user's or
|
|---|
| 219 | system's profile:
|
|---|
| 220 | </para>
|
|---|
| 221 |
|
|---|
| 222 | <screen role="root"><userinput>export PYTHONDOCS=/usr/share/doc/python-3/html</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 223 |
|
|---|
| 224 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 225 |
|
|---|
| 226 | <sect2 role="content">
|
|---|
| 227 | <title>Contents</title>
|
|---|
| 228 |
|
|---|
| 229 | <segmentedlist>
|
|---|
| 230 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
|
|---|
| 231 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
|
|---|
| 232 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
|
|---|
| 233 |
|
|---|
| 234 | <seglistitem>
|
|---|
| 235 | <seg>
|
|---|
| 236 | 2to3 (symlink) and
|
|---|
| 237 | 2to3-&python3-majorver;,
|
|---|
| 238 |
|
|---|
| 239 | easy_install-&python3-majorver;,
|
|---|
| 240 |
|
|---|
| 241 | idle3 (symlink) and
|
|---|
| 242 | idle&python3-majorver;,
|
|---|
| 243 |
|
|---|
| 244 | pip3 (symlink) and
|
|---|
| 245 | pip&python3-majorver;,
|
|---|
| 246 |
|
|---|
| 247 | pydoc3 and
|
|---|
| 248 | pydoc&python3-majorver;,
|
|---|
| 249 |
|
|---|
| 250 | python3 (symlink);
|
|---|
| 251 | python&python3-majorver;, and
|
|---|
| 252 |
|
|---|
| 253 | python3 (symlink), and
|
|---|
| 254 | python&python3-majorver;
|
|---|
| 255 |
|
|---|
| 256 | python3-config (symlink) and
|
|---|
| 257 | python&python3-majorver;-config
|
|---|
| 258 | </seg>
|
|---|
| 259 | <seg>
|
|---|
| 260 | libpython&python3-majorver;.so and libpython3.so
|
|---|
| 261 | </seg>
|
|---|
| 262 | <seg>
|
|---|
| 263 | /usr/include/python&python3-majorver;,
|
|---|
| 264 | /usr/lib/python&python3-majorver;, and
|
|---|
| 265 | /usr/share/doc/python-&python3-version;
|
|---|
| 266 | </seg>
|
|---|
| 267 | </seglistitem>
|
|---|
| 268 | </segmentedlist>
|
|---|
| 269 |
|
|---|
| 270 | <variablelist>
|
|---|
| 271 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 272 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
|---|
| 273 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
|---|
| 274 | <!--
|
|---|
| 275 | <varlistentry id="2to3">
|
|---|
| 276 | <term><command>2to3</command></term>
|
|---|
| 277 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 278 | <para>
|
|---|
| 279 | is designed to assist in the transition between python2 and python3
|
|---|
| 280 | by automatically converting code to be Python3 compatible.
|
|---|
| 281 | </para>
|
|---|
| 282 | <indexterm zone="python3 2to3">
|
|---|
| 283 | <primary sortas="b-2to3">2to3</primary>
|
|---|
| 284 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 285 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 286 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 287 | Put here for easy use when removing Python2 -->
|
|---|
| 288 | <varlistentry id="easy_install">
|
|---|
| 289 | <term><command>easy_install</command></term>
|
|---|
| 290 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 291 | <para>
|
|---|
| 292 | is a frontend to pip3 to make it easier to configure python modules
|
|---|
| 293 | through the PIP package manager
|
|---|
| 294 | </para>
|
|---|
| 295 | <indexterm zone="python3 easy_install">
|
|---|
| 296 | <primary sortas="python3 easy_install">easy_install</primary>
|
|---|
| 297 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 298 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 299 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 300 |
|
|---|
| 301 | <varlistentry id="idle3">
|
|---|
| 302 | <term><command>idle3</command></term>
|
|---|
| 303 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 304 | <para>
|
|---|
| 305 | is a wrapper script that opens a <application>Python</application>
|
|---|
| 306 | aware GUI editor. For this script to run, you must have installed
|
|---|
| 307 | <application>Tk</application> before Python so that the Tkinter
|
|---|
| 308 | Python module is built
|
|---|
| 309 | </para>
|
|---|
| 310 | <indexterm zone="python3 idle3">
|
|---|
| 311 | <primary sortas="b-idle3">idle3</primary>
|
|---|
| 312 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 313 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 314 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 315 |
|
|---|
| 316 | <varlistentry id="pydoc3">
|
|---|
| 317 | <term><command>pydoc3</command></term>
|
|---|
| 318 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 319 | <para>
|
|---|
| 320 | is the <application>Python</application> documentation
|
|---|
| 321 | tool
|
|---|
| 322 | </para>
|
|---|
| 323 | <indexterm zone="python3 pydoc3">
|
|---|
| 324 | <primary sortas="b-pydoc3">pydo3c</primary>
|
|---|
| 325 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 326 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 327 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 328 |
|
|---|
| 329 | <varlistentry id="python3-prog">
|
|---|
| 330 | <term><command>python3</command></term>
|
|---|
| 331 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 332 | <para>
|
|---|
| 333 | is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming
|
|---|
| 334 | language
|
|---|
| 335 | </para>
|
|---|
| 336 | <indexterm zone="python3 python3-prog">
|
|---|
| 337 | <primary sortas="b-python3">python3</primary>
|
|---|
| 338 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 339 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 340 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 341 |
|
|---|
| 342 | <varlistentry id="python-ver">
|
|---|
| 343 | <term><command>python&python3-majorver;</command></term>
|
|---|
| 344 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 345 | <para>
|
|---|
| 346 | is a version-specific name for the <command>python</command>
|
|---|
| 347 | program
|
|---|
| 348 | </para>
|
|---|
| 349 | <indexterm zone="python3 python-ver">
|
|---|
| 350 | <primary sortas="b-python&python3-majorver;">python&python3-majorver;</primary>
|
|---|
| 351 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 352 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 353 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 354 | <!--
|
|---|
| 355 | <varlistentry id="pyvenv">
|
|---|
| 356 | <term><command>pyvenv</command></term>
|
|---|
| 357 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 358 | <para>
|
|---|
| 359 | creates virtual <application>Python</application> environments in
|
|---|
| 360 | one or more target directories.
|
|---|
| 361 | </para>
|
|---|
| 362 | <indexterm zone="python3 pyvenv">
|
|---|
| 363 | <primary
|
|---|
| 364 | sortas="b-python&python3-majorver;">python&python3-majorver;</primary>
|
|---|
| 365 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 366 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 367 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 368 | -->
|
|---|
| 369 | </variablelist>
|
|---|
| 370 |
|
|---|
| 371 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 372 |
|
|---|
| 373 | </sect1>
|
|---|
