1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 |
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7 | <!ENTITY python3-download-http
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8 | "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/&python3-version;/Python-&python3-version;.tar.xz">
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9 | <!ENTITY python3-download-ftp " ">
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10 | <!ENTITY python3-md5sum "8defb33f0c37aa4bdd3a38ba52abde4e">
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11 | <!ENTITY python3-size "20 MB">
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12 | <!ENTITY python3-buildsize "335 MB (add 57 MB for tests)">
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13 | <!ENTITY python3-time "2.2 SBU (add 1.0 SBU for tests; both using parallelism=4)">
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14 | <!--
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15 | Note: Size does not reflect docs that were installed in LFS.
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16 | -->
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17 | <!ENTITY python3htmldoc-download-http
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18 | "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/doc/&python3-version;/python-&python3-version;-docs-html.tar.bz2">
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19 | <!ENTITY python3-docs-md5sum "6025ee63c0ded34aac874f5da8f1a90c" >
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20 | ]>
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21 |
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22 | <sect1 id="python3" xreflabel="Python-&python3-version;">
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23 | <?dbhtml filename="python3.html" ?>
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24 |
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25 |
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26 | <title>Python-&python3-version;</title>
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27 |
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28 | <indexterm zone="python3">
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29 | <primary sortas="a-Python3">Python3</primary>
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30 | </indexterm>
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31 |
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32 | <sect2 role="package">
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33 | <title>Introduction to Python 3</title>
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34 |
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35 | <para>
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36 | The <application>Python 3</application> package contains the
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37 | <application>Python</application> development environment.
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38 | This is useful for object-oriented programming, writing scripts,
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39 | prototyping large programs or developing entire applications.
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40 | </para>
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41 |
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42 | <note>
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43 | <para>
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44 | <application>Python 3</application> was installed in LFS.
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45 | The only reason to rebuild it here is if optional modules
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46 | are needed, or to upgrade this package.
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47 | </para>
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48 | </note>
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49 |
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50 | &lfs121_checked;
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51 |
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52 | <important>
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53 | <para>
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54 | If upgrading to a new Python-3 minor version (for example,
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55 | from Python-3.11.x to Python-3.12.0), you will need to reinstall
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56 | any Python3 modules you have installed. You should also
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57 | reinstall packages that generate Python3 modules
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58 | including
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59 | &gobject-introspection;,
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60 | <xref linkend="libxml2"/>,
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61 | <xref linkend="opencv"/>,
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62 | <xref linkend="fontforge"/>,
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63 | <xref linkend="gnome-tweaks"/>,
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64 | <xref linkend="samba"/>, and
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65 | <xref linkend="graphviz"/> (if swig is installed).
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66 | </para>
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67 |
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68 | <para>Before you upgrade, you can get a list of modules installed
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69 | with <command>pip3 list</command>. The list may be incomplete as
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70 | some Python modules are not installed with <command>pip3</command>,
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71 | for example the <literal>cracklib</literal> module installed by
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72 | <xref role='nodep' linkend='cracklib'/>. Use <command>ls
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73 | /usr/lib/python3.<replaceable>minor</replaceable>/site-packages</command>
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74 | for a comprehensive list.
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75 | </para>
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76 |
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77 | <para>
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78 | The Python modules from LFS will also have to be reinstalled:
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79 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/flit-core.html">flit-core</ulink>,
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80 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/wheel.html">wheel</ulink>,
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81 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/setuptools.html">setuptools</ulink>,
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82 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/meson.html">meson</ulink>,
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83 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/markupsafe.html">MarkupSafe</ulink>,
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84 | and <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/jinja2.html">Jinja2</ulink>.
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85 | </para>
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86 | </important>
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87 |
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88 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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89 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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90 | <listitem>
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91 | <para>
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92 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&python3-download-http;"/>
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93 | </para>
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94 | </listitem>
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95 | <listitem>
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96 | <para>
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97 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&python3-download-ftp;"/>
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98 | </para>
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99 | </listitem>
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100 | <listitem>
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101 | <para>
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102 | Download MD5 sum: &python3-md5sum;
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103 | </para>
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104 | </listitem>
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105 | <listitem>
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106 | <para>
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107 | Download size: &python3-size;
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108 | </para>
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109 | </listitem>
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110 | <listitem>
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111 | <para>
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112 | Estimated disk space required: &python3-buildsize;
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113 | </para>
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114 | </listitem>
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115 | <listitem>
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116 | <para>
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117 | Estimated build time: &python3-time;
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118 | </para>
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119 | </listitem>
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120 | </itemizedlist>
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121 |
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122 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Optional Download</bridgehead>
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123 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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124 | <listitem>
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125 | <para>
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126 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&python3htmldoc-download-http;"/>
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127 | </para>
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128 | </listitem>
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129 | <listitem>
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130 | <para>
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131 | Download MD5 sum: &python3-docs-md5sum;
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132 | </para>
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133 | </listitem>
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134 | </itemizedlist>
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135 |
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136 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Python 3 Dependencies</bridgehead>
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137 |
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138 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
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139 | <para role="recommended">
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140 | <xref linkend="sqlite"/> (required if building firefox or thunderbird)
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141 | </para>
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142 |
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143 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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144 | <para role="optional">
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145 | <xref linkend="bluez"/>,
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146 | <xref linkend="gdb"/> (required for some tests),
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147 | <xref linkend="valgrind"/>, and
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148 | <ulink url="https://www.bytereef.org/mpdecimal/">libmpdec</ulink>
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149 | </para>
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150 |
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151 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (For Additional Modules)</bridgehead>
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152 | <para role="optional">
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153 | <xref linkend="libnsl"/>,
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154 | <xref linkend="tk"/>, and
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155 | &berkeley-db;
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156 | </para>
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157 |
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158 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">Editor Notes:
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159 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/Python3"/>
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160 | </para>
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161 | </sect2>
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162 |
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163 | <sect2 role="installation">
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164 | <title>Installation of Python 3</title>
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165 |
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166 | <para>
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167 | Install <application>Python 3</application> by running the following
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168 | commands:
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169 | </para>
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170 |
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171 | <screen><userinput>CXX="/usr/bin/g++" \
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172 | ./configure --prefix=/usr \
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173 | --enable-shared \
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174 | --with-system-expat \
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175 | --enable-optimizations &&
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176 | make</userinput></screen>
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177 |
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178 | <para>
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179 | Some tests are known to occasionally hang indefinitely. So to test
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180 | the results, run the test suite but set a 2-minute time limit for each
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181 | test case:
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182 | </para>
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183 |
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184 | <screen remap='test'><userinput>make test TESTOPTS="--timeout 120"</userinput></screen>
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185 |
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186 | <!-- For Python-3.12.3 all tests pass
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187 | Total tests: run=41,778 skipped=1,155
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188 | Total test files: run=485/488 skipped=24 resource_denied=3
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189 | -->
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190 |
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191 | <para>
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192 | For a relatively slow system you may need to increase the time
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193 | limit and 1 SBU (measured when building Binutils pass 1 with one CPU
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194 | core) should be enough. Some tests are flaky, so the test suite will
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195 | automatically re-run failed tests. If a test failed but then passed
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196 | when re-run, it should be considered as passed.
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197 | </para>
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198 |
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199 | <para>
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200 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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201 | </para>
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202 |
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203 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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204 |
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205 | <para>
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206 | If upgrading and the documentation has been downloaded, optionally install
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207 | it as the &root; user:
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208 | </para>
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209 |
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210 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -dm755 /usr/share/doc/python-&python3-version;/html
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211 |
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212 | tar --strip-components=1 \
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213 | --no-same-owner \
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214 | --no-same-permissions \
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215 | -C /usr/share/doc/python-&python3-version;/html \
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216 | -xvf ../python-&python3-version;-docs-html.tar.bz2</userinput></screen>
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217 |
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218 | </sect2>
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219 |
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220 | <sect2 role="commands">
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221 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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222 |
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223 | <para>
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224 | <command> CXX="/usr/bin/g++" ./configure ...</command>: Avoid an annoying
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225 | message during configuration.
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226 | </para>
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227 |
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228 | <para>
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229 | <parameter>--with-system-expat</parameter>: This switch enables linking
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230 | against the system version of <application>Expat</application>.
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231 | </para>
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232 |
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233 | <!--
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234 | <para>
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235 | <parameter>- -with-ensurepip=yes</parameter> : This switch enables building
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236 | the <command>pip</command> and <command>setuptools</command> packaging
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237 | programs. <command>setuptools</command> is needed for building some
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238 | Python modules.
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239 | </para>
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240 | -->
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241 |
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242 | <para>
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243 | <parameter>--enable-optimizations</parameter>: This switch enables
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244 | stable, but expensive, optimizations.
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245 | </para>
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246 |
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247 | <para>
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248 | <option>--with-lto</option>: This optional switch enables thick Link
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249 | Time Optimization. Unusually, it creates a much larger <filename
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250 | class="libraryfile">/usr/lib/python&python3-majorver;/config-&python3-majorver;-<arch>-linux-gnu/libpython&python3-majorver;.a</filename>
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251 | with a small increase in the time to compile
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252 | <application>Python</application>. Run-time results do not appear to show
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253 | any benefit from doing this.
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254 | </para>
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255 |
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256 | </sect2>
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257 |
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258 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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259 | <title>Configuring Python 3</title>
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260 |
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261 | <para>
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262 | In order for <command>python3</command> to find the installed
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263 | documentation, create the following version independent symlink:
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264 | </para>
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265 |
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266 | <screen role="root"><userinput>ln -svfn python-&python3-version; /usr/share/doc/python-3</userinput></screen>
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267 |
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268 | <para>
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269 | and add the following environment variable to the individual user's or
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270 | system's profile:
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271 | </para>
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272 |
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273 | <screen role="root"><userinput>export PYTHONDOCS=/usr/share/doc/python-3/html</userinput></screen>
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274 |
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275 | </sect2>
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276 |
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277 | <sect2 role="content">
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278 | <title>Contents</title>
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279 |
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280 | <segmentedlist>
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281 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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282 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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283 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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284 |
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285 | <seglistitem>
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286 | <seg>
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287 | 2to3 (symlink) and
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288 | 2to3-&python3-majorver;,
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289 |
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290 | <!--
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291 | easy_install-&python3-majorver;,
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292 | -->
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293 |
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294 | idle3 (symlink) and
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295 | idle&python3-majorver;,
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296 |
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297 | pip3 and
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298 | pip&python3-majorver;,
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299 |
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300 | pydoc3 (symlink) and
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301 | pydoc&python3-majorver;,
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302 |
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303 | python3 (symlink) and
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304 | python&python3-majorver;, and
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305 |
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306 | python3-config (symlink) and
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307 | python&python3-majorver;-config
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308 | </seg>
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309 | <seg>
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310 | libpython&python3-majorver;.so and libpython3.so
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311 | </seg>
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312 | <seg>
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313 | /usr/include/python&python3-majorver;,
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314 | /usr/lib/python&python3-majorver;, and
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315 | /usr/share/doc/python-&python3-version;
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316 | </seg>
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317 | </seglistitem>
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318 | </segmentedlist>
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319 |
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320 | <variablelist>
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321 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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322 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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323 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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324 | <!--
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325 | <varlistentry id="2to3">
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326 | <term><command>2to3</command></term>
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327 | <listitem>
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328 | <para>
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329 | is designed to assist in the transition between python2 and python3
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330 | by automatically converting code to be Python3 compatible.
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331 | </para>
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332 | <indexterm zone="python3 2to3">
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333 | <primary sortas="b-2to3">2to3</primary>
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334 | </indexterm>
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335 | </listitem>
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336 | </varlistentry>
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337 | Put here for easy use when removing Python2 -->
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338 | <!--
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339 | <varlistentry id="easy_install">
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340 | <term><command>easy_install</command></term>
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341 | <listitem>
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342 | <para>
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343 | is a frontend to pip3 to make it easier to configure python modules
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344 | through the PIP package manager
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345 | </para>
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346 | <indexterm zone="python3 easy_install">
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347 | <primary sortas="python3 easy_install">easy_install</primary>
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348 | </indexterm>
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349 | </listitem>
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350 | </varlistentry>
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351 | -->
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352 | <varlistentry id="idle3">
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353 | <term><command>idle3</command></term>
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354 | <listitem>
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355 | <para>
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356 | is a wrapper script that opens a <application>Python</application>
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357 | aware GUI editor. For this script to run, you must have installed
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358 | <application>Tk</application> before Python so that the Tkinter
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359 | Python module is built
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360 | </para>
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361 | <indexterm zone="python3 idle3">
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362 | <primary sortas="b-idle3">idle3</primary>
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363 | </indexterm>
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364 | </listitem>
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365 | </varlistentry>
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366 |
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367 | <varlistentry id="pydoc3">
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368 | <term><command>pydoc3</command></term>
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369 | <listitem>
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370 | <para>
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371 | is the <application>Python</application> documentation
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372 | tool
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373 | </para>
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374 | <indexterm zone="python3 pydoc3">
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375 | <primary sortas="b-pydoc3">pydo3c</primary>
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376 | </indexterm>
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377 | </listitem>
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378 | </varlistentry>
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379 |
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380 | <varlistentry id="python3-prog">
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381 | <term><command>python3</command></term>
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382 | <listitem>
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383 | <para>
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384 | is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming
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385 | language
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386 | </para>
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387 | <indexterm zone="python3 python3-prog">
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388 | <primary sortas="b-python3">python3</primary>
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389 | </indexterm>
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390 | </listitem>
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391 | </varlistentry>
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392 |
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393 | <varlistentry id="python-ver">
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394 | <term><command>python&python3-majorver;</command></term>
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395 | <listitem>
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396 | <para>
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397 | is a version-specific name for the <command>python</command>
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398 | program
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399 | </para>
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400 | <indexterm zone="python3 python-ver">
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401 | <primary sortas="b-python&python3-majorver;">python&python3-majorver;</primary>
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402 | </indexterm>
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403 | </listitem>
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404 | </varlistentry>
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405 | <!--
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406 | <varlistentry id="pyvenv">
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407 | <term><command>pyvenv</command></term>
|
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408 | <listitem>
|
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409 | <para>
|
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410 | creates virtual <application>Python</application> environments in
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411 | one or more target directories.
|
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412 | </para>
|
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413 | <indexterm zone="python3 pyvenv">
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414 | <primary
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415 | sortas="b-python&python3-majorver;">python&python3-majorver;</primary>
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416 | </indexterm>
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417 | </listitem>
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418 | </varlistentry>
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419 | -->
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420 | </variablelist>
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421 |
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422 | </sect2>
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423 |
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424 | </sect1>
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