| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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| 7 | <!ENTITY python3-download-http
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| 8 | "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/&python3-version;/Python-&python3-version;.tar.xz">
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| 9 | <!ENTITY python3-download-ftp " ">
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| 10 | <!ENTITY python3-md5sum "d68f25193eec491eb54bc2ea664a05bd">
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| 11 | <!ENTITY python3-size "20 MB">
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| 12 | <!ENTITY python3-buildsize "336 MB (add 59 MB for tests)">
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| 13 | <!ENTITY python3-time "2.3 SBU (add 1.5 SBU for tests; both using parallelism=4)">
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| 14 | <!--
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| 15 | Note: Size does not reflect docs that were installed in LFS.
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| 16 | Test time measured with 60 second timeout.
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| 17 | -->
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| 18 | <!ENTITY python3htmldoc-download-http
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| 19 | "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/doc/&python3-version;/python-&python3-version;-docs-html.tar.bz2">
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| 20 | <!ENTITY python3-docs-md5sum "6025ee63c0ded34aac874f5da8f1a90c" >
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| 21 | ]>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <sect1 id="python3" xreflabel="Python-&python3-version;">
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| 24 | <?dbhtml filename="python3.html" ?>
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| 25 |
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| 26 |
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| 27 | <title>Python-&python3-version;</title>
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| 28 |
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| 29 | <indexterm zone="python3">
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| 30 | <primary sortas="a-Python3">Python3</primary>
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| 31 | </indexterm>
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| 32 |
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| 33 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 34 | <title>Introduction to Python 3</title>
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| 35 |
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| 36 | <para>
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| 37 | The <application>Python 3</application> package contains the
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| 38 | <application>Python</application> development environment.
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| 39 | This is useful for object-oriented programming, writing scripts,
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| 40 | prototyping large programs or developing entire applications.
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| 41 | </para>
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| 42 |
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| 43 | <note>
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| 44 | <para>
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| 45 | <application>Python 3</application> was installed in LFS.
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| 46 | The only reason to rebuild it here is if optional modules
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| 47 | are needed, or to upgrade this package.
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| 48 | </para>
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| 49 | </note>
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| 50 |
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| 51 | &lfs121_checked;
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| 52 |
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| 53 | <important>
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| 54 | <para>
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| 55 | If upgrading to a new Python-3 minor version (for example,
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| 56 | from Python-3.11.x to Python-3.12.0), you will need to reinstall
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| 57 | any Python3 modules you have installed. You should also
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| 58 | reinstall packages that generate Python3 modules
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| 59 | including
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| 60 | &gobject-introspection;,
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| 61 | <xref linkend="libxml2"/>,
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| 62 | <xref linkend="opencv"/>,
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| 63 | <xref linkend="fontforge"/>,
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| 64 | <xref linkend="gnome-tweaks"/>,
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| 65 | <xref linkend="samba"/>, and
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| 66 | <xref linkend="graphviz"/> (if swig is installed).
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| 67 | </para>
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| 68 |
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| 69 | <para>Before you upgrade, you can get a list of modules installed
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| 70 | with <command>pip3 list</command>. The list may be incomplete as
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| 71 | some Python modules are not installed with <command>pip3</command>,
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| 72 | for example the <literal>cracklib</literal> module installed by
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| 73 | <xref role='nodep' linkend='cracklib'/>. Use <command>ls
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| 74 | /usr/lib/python3.<replaceable>minor</replaceable>/site-packages</command>
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| 75 | for a comprehensive list.
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| 76 | </para>
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| 77 |
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| 78 | <para>
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| 79 | The Python modules from LFS will also have to be reinstalled:
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| 80 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/flit-core.html">flit-core</ulink>,
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| 81 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/wheel.html">wheel</ulink>,
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| 82 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/setuptools.html">setuptools</ulink>,
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| 83 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/meson.html">meson</ulink>,
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| 84 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/markupsafe.html">MarkupSafe</ulink>,
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| 85 | and <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/jinja2.html">Jinja2</ulink>.
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| 86 | </para>
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| 87 | </important>
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| 88 |
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| 89 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 90 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 91 | <listitem>
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| 92 | <para>
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| 93 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&python3-download-http;"/>
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| 94 | </para>
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| 95 | </listitem>
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| 96 | <listitem>
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| 97 | <para>
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| 98 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&python3-download-ftp;"/>
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| 99 | </para>
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| 100 | </listitem>
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| 101 | <listitem>
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| 102 | <para>
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| 103 | Download MD5 sum: &python3-md5sum;
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| 104 | </para>
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| 105 | </listitem>
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| 106 | <listitem>
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| 107 | <para>
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| 108 | Download size: &python3-size;
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| 109 | </para>
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| 110 | </listitem>
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| 111 | <listitem>
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| 112 | <para>
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| 113 | Estimated disk space required: &python3-buildsize;
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| 114 | </para>
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| 115 | </listitem>
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| 116 | <listitem>
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| 117 | <para>
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| 118 | Estimated build time: &python3-time;
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| 119 | </para>
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| 120 | </listitem>
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| 121 | </itemizedlist>
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| 122 |
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| 123 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Optional Download</bridgehead>
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| 124 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 125 | <listitem>
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| 126 | <para>
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| 127 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&python3htmldoc-download-http;"/>
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| 128 | </para>
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| 129 | </listitem>
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| 130 | <listitem>
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| 131 | <para>
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| 132 | Download MD5 sum: &python3-docs-md5sum;
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| 133 | </para>
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| 134 | </listitem>
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| 135 | </itemizedlist>
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| 136 |
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| 137 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Python 3 Dependencies</bridgehead>
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| 138 |
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| 139 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
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| 140 | <para role="recommended">
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| 141 | <xref linkend="sqlite"/> (required if building firefox or thunderbird)
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| 142 | </para>
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| 143 |
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| 144 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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| 145 | <para role="optional">
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| 146 | <xref linkend="bluez"/>,
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| 147 | <xref linkend="gdb"/> (required for some tests),
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| 148 | <xref linkend="valgrind"/>, and
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| 149 | <ulink url="https://www.bytereef.org/mpdecimal/">libmpdec</ulink>
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| 150 | </para>
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| 151 |
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| 152 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (For Additional Modules)</bridgehead>
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| 153 | <para role="optional">
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| 154 | <xref linkend="libnsl"/>,
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| 155 | <xref linkend="tk"/>, and
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| 156 | &berkeley-db;
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| 157 | </para>
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| 158 |
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| 159 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">Editor Notes:
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| 160 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/Python3"/>
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| 161 | </para>
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| 162 | </sect2>
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| 163 |
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| 164 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 165 | <title>Installation of Python 3</title>
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| 166 |
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| 167 | <para>
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| 168 | Install <application>Python 3</application> by running the following
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| 169 | commands:
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| 170 | </para>
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| 171 |
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| 172 | <screen><userinput>CXX="/usr/bin/g++" \
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| 173 | ./configure --prefix=/usr \
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| 174 | --enable-shared \
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| 175 | --with-system-expat \
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| 176 | --enable-optimizations &&
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| 177 | make</userinput></screen>
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| 178 |
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| 179 | <para>
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| 180 | Some tests are known to occasionally hang indefinitely. So to test
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| 181 | the results, run the test suite but set a 2-minute time limit for each
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| 182 | test case:
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| 183 | </para>
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| 184 |
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| 185 | <screen remap='test'><userinput>make test TESTOPTS="--timeout 120"</userinput></screen>
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| 186 |
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| 187 | <!--
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| 188 | For Python-3.12.3 all tests pass
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| 189 | Total tests: run=41,778 skipped=1,155
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| 190 | Total test files: run=485/488 skipped=24 resource_denied=3
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| 191 |
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| 192 | For Python-3.13.4
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| 193 | Total tests: run=42,152 failures=6 skipped=1,234
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| 194 | Total test files: run=487/489 failed=4 skipped=17 resource_denied=6 rerun=4
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| 195 | -->
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| 196 |
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| 197 | <para>
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| 198 | For a relatively slow system you may need to increase the time
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| 199 | limit and 1 SBU (measured when building Binutils pass 1 with one CPU
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| 200 | core) should be enough. Some tests are flaky, so the test suite will
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| 201 | automatically re-run failed tests. If a test failed but then passed
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| 202 | when re-run, it should be considered as passed.
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| 203 | </para>
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| 204 |
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| 205 | <para>
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| 206 | Of over 42,000 tests, the following are known to fail: test__xxsubinterpreters,
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| 207 | test_import, test_interpreters, and test_threading.
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| 208 | </para>
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| 209 |
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| 210 | <para>
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| 211 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 212 | </para>
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| 213 |
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| 214 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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| 215 |
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| 216 | <para>
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| 217 | If upgrading and the documentation has been downloaded, optionally install
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| 218 | it as the &root; user:
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| 219 | </para>
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| 220 |
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| 221 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -dm755 /usr/share/doc/python-&python3-version;/html
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| 222 |
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| 223 | tar --strip-components=1 \
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| 224 | --no-same-owner \
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| 225 | --no-same-permissions \
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| 226 | -C /usr/share/doc/python-&python3-version;/html \
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| 227 | -xvf ../python-&python3-version;-docs-html.tar.bz2</userinput></screen>
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| 228 |
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| 229 | </sect2>
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| 230 |
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| 231 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 232 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 233 |
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| 234 | <para>
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| 235 | <command> CXX="/usr/bin/g++" ./configure ...</command>: Avoid an annoying
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| 236 | message during configuration.
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| 237 | </para>
|
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| 238 |
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| 239 | <para>
|
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| 240 | <parameter>--with-system-expat</parameter>: This switch enables linking
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| 241 | against the system version of <application>Expat</application>.
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| 242 | </para>
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| 243 |
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| 244 | <!--
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| 245 | <para>
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| 246 | <parameter>- -with-ensurepip=yes</parameter> : This switch enables building
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| 247 | the <command>pip</command> and <command>setuptools</command> packaging
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| 248 | programs. <command>setuptools</command> is needed for building some
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| 249 | Python modules.
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| 250 | </para>
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| 251 | -->
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| 252 |
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| 253 | <para>
|
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| 254 | <parameter>--enable-optimizations</parameter>: This switch enables
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| 255 | stable, but expensive, optimizations.
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| 256 | </para>
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| 257 |
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| 258 | <para>
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| 259 | <option>--with-lto</option>: This optional switch enables thick Link
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| 260 | Time Optimization. Unusually, it creates a much larger <filename
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| 261 | class="libraryfile">/usr/lib/python&python3-majorver;/config-&python3-majorver;-<arch>-linux-gnu/libpython&python3-majorver;.a</filename>
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| 262 | with a small increase in the time to compile
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| 263 | <application>Python</application>. Run-time results do not appear to show
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| 264 | any benefit from doing this.
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| 265 | </para>
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| 266 |
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| 267 | </sect2>
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| 268 |
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| 269 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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| 270 | <title>Configuring Python 3</title>
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| 271 |
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| 272 | <para>
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| 273 | In order for <command>python3</command> to find the installed
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| 274 | documentation, create the following version independent symlink:
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| 275 | </para>
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| 276 |
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| 277 | <screen role="root"><userinput>ln -svfn python-&python3-version; /usr/share/doc/python-3</userinput></screen>
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| 278 |
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| 279 | <para>
|
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| 280 | and add the following environment variable to the individual user's or
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| 281 | system's profile:
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| 282 | </para>
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| 283 |
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| 284 | <screen role="root"><userinput>export PYTHONDOCS=/usr/share/doc/python-3/html</userinput></screen>
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| 285 |
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| 286 | </sect2>
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| 287 |
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| 288 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 289 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 290 |
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| 291 | <segmentedlist>
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| 292 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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| 293 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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| 294 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 295 |
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| 296 | <seglistitem>
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| 297 | <seg>
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| 298 | 2to3 (symlink) and
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| 299 | 2to3-&python3-majorver;,
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| 300 |
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| 301 | <!--
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| 302 | easy_install-&python3-majorver;,
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| 303 | -->
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| 304 |
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| 305 | idle3 (symlink) and
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| 306 | idle&python3-majorver;,
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| 307 |
|
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| 308 | pip3 and
|
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| 309 | pip&python3-majorver;,
|
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| 310 |
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| 311 | pydoc3 (symlink) and
|
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| 312 | pydoc&python3-majorver;,
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| 313 |
|
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| 314 | python3 (symlink) and
|
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| 315 | python&python3-majorver;, and
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| 316 |
|
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| 317 | python3-config (symlink) and
|
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| 318 | python&python3-majorver;-config
|
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| 319 | </seg>
|
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| 320 | <seg>
|
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| 321 | libpython&python3-majorver;.so and libpython3.so
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| 322 | </seg>
|
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| 323 | <seg>
|
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| 324 | /usr/include/python&python3-majorver;,
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| 325 | /usr/lib/python&python3-majorver;, and
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| 326 | /usr/share/doc/python-&python3-version;
|
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| 327 | </seg>
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| 328 | </seglistitem>
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| 329 | </segmentedlist>
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| 330 |
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| 331 | <variablelist>
|
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| 332 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
|
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| 333 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
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| 334 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
|---|
| 335 | <!--
|
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| 336 | <varlistentry id="2to3">
|
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| 337 | <term><command>2to3</command></term>
|
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| 338 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 339 | <para>
|
|---|
| 340 | is designed to assist in the transition between python2 and python3
|
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| 341 | by automatically converting code to be Python3 compatible.
|
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| 342 | </para>
|
|---|
| 343 | <indexterm zone="python3 2to3">
|
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| 344 | <primary sortas="b-2to3">2to3</primary>
|
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| 345 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 346 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 347 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 348 | Put here for easy use when removing Python2 -->
|
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| 349 | <!--
|
|---|
| 350 | <varlistentry id="easy_install">
|
|---|
| 351 | <term><command>easy_install</command></term>
|
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| 352 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 353 | <para>
|
|---|
| 354 | is a frontend to pip3 to make it easier to configure python modules
|
|---|
| 355 | through the PIP package manager
|
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| 356 | </para>
|
|---|
| 357 | <indexterm zone="python3 easy_install">
|
|---|
| 358 | <primary sortas="python3 easy_install">easy_install</primary>
|
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| 359 | </indexterm>
|
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| 360 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 361 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 362 | -->
|
|---|
| 363 | <varlistentry id="idle3">
|
|---|
| 364 | <term><command>idle3</command></term>
|
|---|
| 365 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 366 | <para>
|
|---|
| 367 | is a wrapper script that opens a <application>Python</application>
|
|---|
| 368 | aware GUI editor. For this script to run, you must have installed
|
|---|
| 369 | <application>Tk</application> before Python so that the Tkinter
|
|---|
| 370 | Python module is built
|
|---|
| 371 | </para>
|
|---|
| 372 | <indexterm zone="python3 idle3">
|
|---|
| 373 | <primary sortas="b-idle3">idle3</primary>
|
|---|
| 374 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 375 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 376 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 377 |
|
|---|
| 378 | <varlistentry id="pydoc3">
|
|---|
| 379 | <term><command>pydoc3</command></term>
|
|---|
| 380 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 381 | <para>
|
|---|
| 382 | is the <application>Python</application> documentation
|
|---|
| 383 | tool
|
|---|
| 384 | </para>
|
|---|
| 385 | <indexterm zone="python3 pydoc3">
|
|---|
| 386 | <primary sortas="b-pydoc3">pydo3c</primary>
|
|---|
| 387 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 388 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 389 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 390 |
|
|---|
| 391 | <varlistentry id="python3-prog">
|
|---|
| 392 | <term><command>python3</command></term>
|
|---|
| 393 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 394 | <para>
|
|---|
| 395 | is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming
|
|---|
| 396 | language
|
|---|
| 397 | </para>
|
|---|
| 398 | <indexterm zone="python3 python3-prog">
|
|---|
| 399 | <primary sortas="b-python3">python3</primary>
|
|---|
| 400 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 401 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 402 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 403 |
|
|---|
| 404 | <varlistentry id="python-ver">
|
|---|
| 405 | <term><command>python&python3-majorver;</command></term>
|
|---|
| 406 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 407 | <para>
|
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| 408 | is a version-specific name for the <command>python</command>
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| 409 | program
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| 410 | </para>
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| 411 | <indexterm zone="python3 python-ver">
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| 412 | <primary sortas="b-python&python3-majorver;">python&python3-majorver;</primary>
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| 413 | </indexterm>
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| 414 | </listitem>
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| 415 | </varlistentry>
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| 416 | <!--
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| 417 | <varlistentry id="pyvenv">
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| 418 | <term><command>pyvenv</command></term>
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| 419 | <listitem>
|
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| 420 | <para>
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| 421 | creates virtual <application>Python</application> environments in
|
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| 422 | one or more target directories.
|
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| 423 | </para>
|
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| 424 | <indexterm zone="python3 pyvenv">
|
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| 425 | <primary
|
|---|
| 426 | sortas="b-python&python3-majorver;">python&python3-majorver;</primary>
|
|---|
| 427 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 428 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 429 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 430 | -->
|
|---|
| 431 | </variablelist>
|
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| 432 |
|
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| 433 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 434 |
|
|---|
| 435 | </sect1>
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