[f852e706] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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[4478c65a] | 7 | <!-- <!ENTITY systemd-download-http "http://anduin.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/systemd-&systemd-version;-&systemd-stable;.tar.xz"> For whenever we move to a stable snapshot for backports -->
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| 8 | <!ENTITY systemd-download-http "https://github.com/systemd/systemd/archive/v&systemd-version;/systemd-&systemd-version;.tar.gz">
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[f852e706] | 9 | <!ENTITY systemd-download-ftp " ">
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[ae0944a3] | 10 | <!ENTITY systemd-md5sum "b0d6e603b814908acc69db29bbfb023c">
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| 11 | <!ENTITY systemd-size "9.4 MB">
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| 12 | <!ENTITY systemd-buildsize "273 MB (with tests)">
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| 13 | <!ENTITY systemd-time "2.1 SBU (with tests)">
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[f852e706] | 14 |
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| 15 | ]>
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| 16 |
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[4478c65a] | 17 | <sect1 id="systemd" xreflabel="Systemd-&systemd-version;" revision="systemd">
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[f852e706] | 18 | <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
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| 19 |
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| 20 | <sect1info>
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| 21 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 22 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 23 | </sect1info>
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| 24 |
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[4478c65a] | 25 | <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
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| 26 | <!-- Whenever we switch back to stable backports, make sure to add the systemd-stable reference back. -->
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[f852e706] | 27 |
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| 28 | <indexterm zone="systemd">
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| 29 | <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
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| 30 | </indexterm>
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| 31 |
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| 32 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 33 | <title>Introduction to systemd</title>
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| 34 |
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| 35 | <para>
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| 36 | While <application>systemd</application> was installed when
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| 37 | building LFS, there are many features provided by the package that
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[77a6d25] | 38 | were not included in the initial installation because
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[f852e706] | 39 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> was not yet installed.
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| 40 | The <application>systemd</application> package needs to be
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| 41 | rebuilt to provide a working <command>systemd-logind</command> service,
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[77a6d25] | 42 | which provides many additional features for dependent packages.
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[f852e706] | 43 | </para>
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| 44 |
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[29efe05c] | 45 | &lfs10_checked;
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[f852e706] | 46 |
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| 47 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 48 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 49 | <listitem>
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[b1532549] | 50 | <para>
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| 51 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&systemd-download-http;"/>
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| 52 | </para>
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[f852e706] | 53 | </listitem>
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| 54 | <listitem>
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[b1532549] | 55 | <para>
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| 56 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&systemd-download-ftp;"/>
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| 57 | </para>
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[f852e706] | 58 | </listitem>
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| 59 | <listitem>
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[b1532549] | 60 | <para>
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| 61 | Download MD5 sum: &systemd-md5sum;
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| 62 | </para>
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[f852e706] | 63 | </listitem>
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| 64 | <listitem>
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[b1532549] | 65 | <para>
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| 66 | Download size: &systemd-size;
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| 67 | </para>
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[f852e706] | 68 | </listitem>
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| 69 | <listitem>
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[b1532549] | 70 | <para>
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| 71 | Estimated disk space required: &systemd-buildsize;
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| 72 | </para>
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[f852e706] | 73 | </listitem>
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| 74 | <listitem>
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[b1532549] | 75 | <para>
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| 76 | Estimated build time: &systemd-time;
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| 77 | </para>
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[f852e706] | 78 | </listitem>
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| 79 | </itemizedlist>
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[c130abf] | 80 |
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[b5d17476] | 81 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
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| 82 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 83 | <listitem>
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| 84 | <para>
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| 85 | Required patch:
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[ae0944a3] | 86 | <ulink url="&patch-root;/systemd-&systemd-version;-upstream_fixes-1.patch"/>
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[b5d17476] | 87 | </para>
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| 88 | </listitem>
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| 89 | </itemizedlist>
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[c130abf] | 90 |
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[f852e706] | 91 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">systemd Dependencies</bridgehead>
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| 92 |
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| 93 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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| 94 | <para role="required">
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| 95 | <xref linkend="linux-pam"/>
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| 96 | </para>
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| 97 |
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[c7ab75e8] | 98 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended Runtime Dependencies</bridgehead>
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[f852e706] | 99 | <para role="recommended">
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[60ddbaf] | 100 | <xref role="runtime" linkend="polkit"/>
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[f852e706] | 101 | </para>
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| 102 |
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| 103 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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| 104 | <para role="optional">
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[bdfc854] | 105 | <xref linkend="btrfs-progs"/> <!-- homed may support it, see the C.E.-->
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[f852e706] | 106 | <xref linkend="curl"/>,
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[b1be08a] | 107 | <xref linkend="cryptsetup"/>,
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[5fff3896] | 108 | <xref linkend="git"/>,
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[f852e706] | 109 | <xref linkend="gnutls"/>,
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| 110 | <xref linkend="iptables"/>,
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| 111 | <xref linkend="libgcrypt"/>,
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[531f138] | 112 | <xref linkend="libidn2"/>,
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[c130abf] | 113 | <xref linkend="libpwquality"/>,
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[11f3b7e] | 114 | <xref linkend="libseccomp"/>,
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[f852e706] | 115 | <xref linkend="libxkbcommon"/>,
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[b1be08a] | 116 | <xref linkend="make-ca"/>,
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[ebb31dbd] | 117 | <xref linkend="pcre2"/>,
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[f852e706] | 118 | <xref linkend="qemu"/>,
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[206e0be] | 119 | <xref linkend="qrencode"/>,
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[f852e706] | 120 | <xref linkend="valgrind"/>,
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[7c99c52] | 121 | <xref linkend="zsh"/> (for the zsh completions),
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[f852e706] | 122 | <ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnu-efi/">gnu-efi</ulink>,
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| 123 | <ulink url="https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kexec/">kexec-tools</ulink>,
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[ae0944a3] | 124 | <ulink url="https://developers.yubico.com/libfido2/">libfido2</ulink>,
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[f852e706] | 125 | <ulink url="https://www.gnu.org/software/libmicrohttpd/">libmicrohttpd</ulink>,
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[331a2b7] | 126 | <ulink url="http://lz4.github.io/lz4/">lz4</ulink>,
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[206e0be] | 127 | <!--<ulink url="http://fukuchi.org/works/qrencode/">qrencode</ulink>,-->
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[f852e706] | 128 | <ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/">quota-tools</ulink> and
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| 129 | <ulink url="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Sphinx">Sphinx</ulink>
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| 130 | </para>
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| 131 |
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| 132 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (to rebuild the manual pages)</bridgehead>
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| 133 | <para role="optional">
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| 134 | <xref linkend="DocBook"/>,
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[6f8d4ed] | 135 | <xref linkend="docbook-xsl"/>,
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| 136 | <xref linkend="libxslt"/>, and
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| 137 | <xref linkend="lxml"/> (to build the index of systemd manual pages)
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[f852e706] | 138 | </para>
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| 139 |
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| 140 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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| 141 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/systemd"/>
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| 142 | </para>
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| 143 | </sect2>
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| 144 |
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| 145 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 146 | <title>Installation of systemd</title>
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[ccc69593] | 147 |
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[b1532549] | 148 | <para>
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[ae0944a3] | 149 | Apply a patch to fix regressions in systemd-networkd and segmentation
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| 150 | faults in systemctl:
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[b1532549] | 151 | </para>
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[93caa46] | 152 |
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[ae0944a3] | 153 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../systemd-&systemd-version;-upstream_fixes-1.patch</userinput></screen>
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[b29b596] | 154 |
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[b1532549] | 155 | <para>
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| 156 | Remove an unneeded group,
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| 157 | <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem>, from the default udev
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| 158 | rules:
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| 159 | </para>
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[b4e1b81] | 160 |
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[9bee4858] | 161 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
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[b4e1b81] | 162 |
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[f852e706] | 163 | <para>
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| 164 | Rebuild <application>systemd</application> by running the
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| 165 | following commands:
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| 166 | </para>
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| 167 |
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[e1a8598d] | 168 | <screen><userinput>mkdir build &&
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| 169 | cd build &&
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| 170 |
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[110854d] | 171 | meson --prefix=/usr \
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| 172 | -Dblkid=true \
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| 173 | -Dbuildtype=release \
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| 174 | -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
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| 175 | -Dfirstboot=false \
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| 176 | -Dinstall-tests=false \
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| 177 | -Dldconfig=false \
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| 178 | -Dman=auto \
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| 179 | -Drootprefix= \
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| 180 | -Drootlibdir=/lib \
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| 181 | -Dsplit-usr=true \
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| 182 | -Dsysusers=false \
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| 183 | -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
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| 184 | -Db_lto=false \
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| 185 | -Dhomed=false \
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| 186 | -Duserdb=false \
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[ae0944a3] | 187 | -Dmode=release \
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| 188 | -Dpamconfdir=/etc/pam.d \
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[ec0f2a5] | 189 | -Ddocdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
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[110854d] | 190 | .. &&
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[e1a8598d] | 191 |
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[71becb2] | 192 | ninja</userinput></screen>
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[bdfc854] | 193 | <!-- Regarding homed and userdb, see the note below in Command Explanations-->
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[f852e706] | 194 |
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| 195 | <note>
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| 196 | <para>
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[e1a8598d] | 197 | For the best test results, make sure you run the testsuite from
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[f852e706] | 198 | a system that is booted by the same
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| 199 | <application>systemd</application> version you are rebuilding.
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| 200 | </para>
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| 201 | </note>
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| 202 |
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| 203 | <para>
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[b1532549] | 204 | To test the results, issue: <command>ninja test</command>. <!--One test,
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| 205 | <filename>udev-test</filename> (test 273) fails due to changes in
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| 206 | the Linux 5.3+ kernel. It does not affect the package's
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| 207 | functionality. NO LONGER APPLICABLE AS OF 244 -->
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[f852e706] | 208 | </para>
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| 209 |
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[a761478] | 210 | <!--
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[f852e706] | 211 | <warning>
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| 212 | <para>
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| 213 | Installing the package will overwrite all files installed by
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| 214 | <application>systemd</application> in LFS. It is critical that
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| 215 | nothing uses either <application>systemd</application> or
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| 216 | <application>Udev</application> libraries during the installation.
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| 217 | The best way to ensure that these libraries are not being used is to
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| 218 | run the installation in rescue mode. To switch to rescue mode,
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| 219 | run the following command as the
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| 220 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user (from a TTY):
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| 221 | </para>
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| 222 |
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[004a11fc] | 223 | <screen role="root"><userinput>systemctl isolate rescue.target</userinput></screen>
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[f852e706] | 224 | </warning>
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[a761478] | 225 | Nobody has reported problems with this in years. Let's comment it. -->
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[f852e706] | 226 |
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| 227 | <para>
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| 228 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 229 | </para>
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| 230 |
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[71becb2] | 231 | <screen role="root"><userinput>ninja install</userinput></screen>
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[3c7458ca] | 232 | <!-- No longer needed as of systemd-244.
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[b1532549] | 233 | <para>
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| 234 | Remove a configuration file that causes some problems with PID files:
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| 235 | </para>
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[0dccf0ff] | 236 |
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| 237 | <screen role="root"><userinput>rm -fv /etc/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput></screen>
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[3c7458ca] | 238 | -->
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[f852e706] | 239 | </sect2>
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| 240 |
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[bdfc854] | 241 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 242 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 243 |
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[6742509c] | 244 | <!-- Not needed with the patch
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[110854d] | 245 | <para>
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| 246 | <parameter>-Dc_args=-Wno-format-overflow</parameter>: Prevents an error
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| 247 | when building with <application>GCC 10</application>. The default is
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| 248 | <option>-Werror=format-overflow</option>,
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| 249 | which generates false positives. This switch may be used with previous
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| 250 | versions of GCC too.
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| 251 | </para>
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[6742509c] | 252 | -->
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[110854d] | 253 |
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[ae0944a3] | 254 | <para>
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| 255 | <parameter>-Dpamconfdir=/etc/pam.d</parameter>: Forces the PAM files to
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| 256 | be installed in /etc/pam.d rather than /usr/lib/pam.d.
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| 257 | </para>
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| 258 |
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[bdfc854] | 259 | <para>
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| 260 | <parameter>-Duserdb=false</parameter>: Removes a daemon that does not
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| 261 | offer any use under a BLFS configuration. If you wish to enable the
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| 262 | <application>userdbd</application> daemon, replace "false" with "true"
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| 263 | in the above meson command.
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| 264 | </para>
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| 265 |
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| 266 | <para>
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| 267 | <parameter>-Dhomed=false</parameter>: Remove a daemon that does not offer
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| 268 | any use under a traditional BLFS configuration, especially using accounts
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| 269 | created with useradd. To enable systemd-homed, first ensure that you have
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| 270 | <xref linkend="cryptsetup"/> and <xref linkend="libpwquality"/>, and then
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| 271 | change "false" to "true" in the above meson command.
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| 272 | </para>
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| 273 |
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| 274 | <!-- EDITORS NOTE: Explanation on removing userdbd and homed:
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| 275 | In BLFS, we do not fully support disk encryption. We offer instructions for
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| 276 | building 'cryptsetup' as a dependency, but we do not offer instructions for
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| 277 | actually configuring it. In addition, we generally do not include
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| 278 | functionality that could potentially conflict with other packages, or that
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| 279 | is not of any use to us (in an enterprise configuration using Thin Clients
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| 280 | or laptops with LUKS encryption, it could make sense though, but that isn't
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| 281 | the configuration that we natively support).
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| 282 |
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| 283 | A few of the complications of systemd-homed include:
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| 284 | - SSH Logins
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| 285 | - Disk Space Assignments
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| 286 | - UID Assignments (chown() on login)
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| 287 | (See https://cfp.all-systems-go.io/media/homed-asg2019.pdf)
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| 288 |
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| 289 | In an article I read when systemd-homed was originally unveiled, I remember
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| 290 | reading about systemd-homed causing problems with OpenSSH Private Key Auth
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| 291 | because the user would have to login at the console in order to unlock
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| 292 | their home directory, thus allowing the private key to be unlocked and
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| 293 | processed by OpenSSH. Since BLFS does not fully support encrypted disks,
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| 294 | and because systemd-homed is incompatible with our usage of useradd /
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| 295 | traditional UNIX users and groups, I advise that we take the following
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| 296 | approach to avoid any confusion:
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| 297 |
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| 298 | - Leave the added Short Descriptions for homectl and userdbctl
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| 299 | - Add the above command explanations and restore the previous behavior
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| 300 |
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| 301 | Should we decide to enable homed by default anytime in the future,
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| 302 | let's move cryptsetup to recommended or required.
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| 303 |
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| 304 | I would be open to discussing this after the next systemd version when
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| 305 | systemd-homed has matured a bit more. -renodr -->
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| 306 |
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| 307 | </sect2>
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| 308 |
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[f852e706] | 309 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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| 310 | <title>Configuring systemd</title>
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| 311 |
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| 312 | <para>
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[325d88d6] | 313 | The <filename>/etc/pam.d/system-session</filename> file needs to
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[f852e706] | 314 | be modified and a new file needs to be created in order for
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| 315 | <command>systemd-logind</command> to work correctly. Run the following
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| 316 | commands as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 317 | </para>
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| 318 |
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| 319 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat >> /etc/pam.d/system-session << "EOF"
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| 320 | <literal># Begin Systemd addition
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| 321 |
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[d267a13] | 322 | session required pam_loginuid.so
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| 323 | session optional pam_systemd.so
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[f852e706] | 324 |
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| 325 | # End Systemd addition</literal>
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| 326 | EOF
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| 327 |
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| 328 | cat > /etc/pam.d/systemd-user << "EOF"
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| 329 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/systemd-user
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| 330 |
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[d267a13] | 331 | account required pam_access.so
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| 332 | account include system-account
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[f852e706] | 333 |
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[d267a13] | 334 | session required pam_env.so
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| 335 | session required pam_limits.so
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| 336 | session required pam_unix.so
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| 337 | session required pam_loginuid.so
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| 338 | session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke
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| 339 | session optional pam_systemd.so
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[f852e706] | 340 |
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[d267a13] | 341 | auth required pam_deny.so
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| 342 | password required pam_deny.so
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[f852e706] | 343 |
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| 344 | # End /etc/pam.d/systemd-user</literal>
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| 345 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 346 |
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[a761478] | 347 | <!--
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[f852e706] | 348 | <para>
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| 349 | At this point, you should reload the systemd daemon, and reenter
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| 350 | multi-user mode with the following commands (as the
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[004a11fc] | 351 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user). If a desktop
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| 352 | manager is installed and you wish to reenter the graphical mode,
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| 353 | replace <userinput>multi-user.target</userinput> with
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| 354 | <userinput>graphical.target</userinput>:
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[f852e706] | 355 | </para>
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| 356 |
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[004a11fc] | 357 | <screen role="root"><userinput>systemctl daemon-reexec
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[a761478] | 358 | systemctl start multi-user.target</userinput></screen>-->
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[f852e706] | 359 |
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[b1532549] | 360 | <warning>
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| 361 | <para>
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| 362 | If upgrading from a previous version of systemd and an
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| 363 | initrd is used for system boot, you should generate a new initrd before
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| 364 | rebooting the system.
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| 365 | </para>
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| 366 | </warning>
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[f852e706] | 367 |
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| 368 | </sect2>
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| 369 |
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| 370 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 371 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 372 |
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| 373 | <para>
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| 374 | A list of the installed files, along with their short
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| 375 | descriptions can be found at
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[f0dc9578] | 376 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/systemd.html#contents-systemd"/>.
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[f852e706] | 377 | </para>
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| 378 |
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| 379 | <para>
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| 380 | Listed below are the newly installed libraries and directories
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| 381 | along with short descriptions.
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| 382 | </para>
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| 383 |
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| 384 | <segmentedlist>
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| 385 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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| 386 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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| 387 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 388 |
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| 389 | <seglistitem>
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| 390 | <seg>
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[6a609bd7] | 391 | <!-- maybe userdbd/userdbctl can go in LFS, try at next time -->
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| 392 | homectl (if <xref linkend="cryptsetup"/> is installed)
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[bdfc854] | 393 | and userdbctl (optionally)
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[f852e706] | 394 | </seg>
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| 395 | <seg>
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| 396 | pam_systemd.so
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| 397 | (in <filename class="directory">/lib/security</filename>)
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| 398 | </seg>
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| 399 | <seg>
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| 400 | None
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| 401 | </seg>
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| 402 | </seglistitem>
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| 403 | </segmentedlist>
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| 404 |
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| 405 | <variablelist>
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| 406 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 407 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 408 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 409 |
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[6a609bd7] | 410 | <varlistentry id="homectl">
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| 411 | <term><command>homectl</command></term>
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| 412 | <listitem>
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| 413 | <para>
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| 414 | is a tool to create, remove, change, or inspect a home directory
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| 415 | managed by <command>systemd-homed</command>; note that it's
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| 416 | useless for the classic UNIX users and home directories which
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| 417 | we are using in LFS/BLFS book
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| 418 | </para>
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| 419 | <indexterm zone="systemd homectl">
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| 420 | <primary sortas="b-homectl">homectl</primary>
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| 421 | </indexterm>
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| 422 | </listitem>
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| 423 | </varlistentry>
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| 424 |
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| 425 | <varlistentry id="userdbctl">
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| 426 | <term><command>userdbctl</command></term>
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| 427 | <listitem>
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| 428 | <para>
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[ccc69593] | 429 | inspects users, groups, and group memberships
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[6a609bd7] | 430 | </para>
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| 431 | <indexterm zone="systemd userdbctl">
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| 432 | <primary sortas="b-userdbctl">userdbctl</primary>
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| 433 | </indexterm>
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| 434 | </listitem>
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| 435 | </varlistentry>
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| 436 |
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[f852e706] | 437 | <varlistentry id="pam_systemd">
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| 438 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">pam_systemd.so</filename></term>
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| 439 | <listitem>
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| 440 | <para>
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| 441 | is a PAM module used to register user sessions with the
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| 442 | <application>systemd</application> login manager,
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| 443 | <command>systemd-logind</command>.
|
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| 444 | </para>
|
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| 445 | <indexterm zone="systemd pam_systemd">
|
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| 446 | <primary sortas="c-pam_systemd">pam_systemd.so</primary>
|
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| 447 | </indexterm>
|
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| 448 | </listitem>
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| 449 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 450 |
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| 451 | </variablelist>
|
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| 452 |
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| 453 | </sect2>
|
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| 454 |
|
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| 455 | </sect1>
|
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