source: general/sysutils/systemd.xml@ 359e34cb

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Last change on this file since 359e34cb was 359e34cb, checked in by Xi Ruoyao <xry111@…>, 9 months ago

systemd: Sync -Dnobody-group=nogroup from LFS

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File size: 15.6 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6
7 <!-- <!ENTITY systemd-download-http "https://anduin.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/systemd-&systemd-version;-&systemd-stable;.tar.xz"> For whenever we move to a stable snapshot for backports -->
8 <!ENTITY systemd-download-http "https://github.com/systemd/systemd/archive/v&systemd-version;/systemd-&systemd-version;.tar.gz">
9 <!ENTITY systemd-download-ftp " ">
10 <!ENTITY systemd-md5sum "0d266e5361dc72097b6c18cfde1c0001">
11 <!ENTITY systemd-size "14 MB">
12 <!ENTITY systemd-buildsize "198 MB (with tests)">
13 <!ENTITY systemd-time "3.7 SBU (with tests using 4 cores)">
14
15]>
16
17<sect1 id="systemd" xreflabel="Systemd-&systemd-version;" revision="systemd">
18 <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
19
20
21 <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
22 <!-- Whenever we switch back to stable backports, make sure to add the systemd-stable reference back. -->
23
24 <indexterm zone="systemd">
25 <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
26 </indexterm>
27
28 <sect2 role="package">
29 <title>Introduction to systemd</title>
30
31 <para>
32 While <application>systemd</application> was installed when
33 building LFS, there are many features provided by the package that
34 were not included in the initial installation because
35 <application>Linux-PAM</application> was not yet installed.
36 The <application>systemd</application> package needs to be
37 rebuilt to provide a working <command>systemd-logind</command> service,
38 which provides many additional features for dependent packages.
39 </para>
40
41 &lfs120_checked;
42
43 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
44 <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
45 <listitem>
46 <para>
47 Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&systemd-download-http;"/>
48 </para>
49 </listitem>
50 <listitem>
51 <para>
52 Download (FTP): <ulink url="&systemd-download-ftp;"/>
53 </para>
54 </listitem>
55 <listitem>
56 <para>
57 Download MD5 sum: &systemd-md5sum;
58 </para>
59 </listitem>
60 <listitem>
61 <para>
62 Download size: &systemd-size;
63 </para>
64 </listitem>
65 <listitem>
66 <para>
67 Estimated disk space required: &systemd-buildsize;
68 </para>
69 </listitem>
70 <listitem>
71 <para>
72 Estimated build time: &systemd-time;
73 </para>
74 </listitem>
75 </itemizedlist>
76
77<!-- Keep here in case a patch will be needed.-->
78<!--
79 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
80 <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
81 <listitem>
82 <para>
83 Required patch:
84 <ulink url="&patch-root;/systemd-&systemd-version;-security_fix-1.patch"/>
85 </para>
86 </listitem>
87 </itemizedlist>
88-->
89 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">systemd Dependencies</bridgehead>
90
91 <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
92
93 <note>
94 <para>
95 <xref linkend='linux-pam'/> is not strictly required to build
96 <application>systemd</application>, but the main reason to rebuild
97 <application>systemd</application> in BLFS (it's already built in
98 LFS anyway) is for the <command>systemd-logind</command> daemon and
99 the
100 <filename class='libraryfile'>pam_systemd.so</filename> PAM module.
101 <xref linkend='linux-pam'/> is required for them. All packages in
102 BLFS book with a dependency on <application>systemd</application>
103 expects it has been rebuilt with <xref linkend='linux-pam'/>.
104 </para>
105 </note>
106
107 <para role="recommended">
108 <xref linkend="linux-pam"/> and
109 <xref role="runtime" linkend="polkit"/> (runtime)
110 </para>
111
112 <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
113 <para role="optional">
114 <xref linkend="btrfs-progs"/>, <!-- homed may support it, see the C.E.-->
115 <xref linkend="curl"/>,
116 <xref linkend="cryptsetup"/>,
117 <xref linkend="git"/>,
118 <xref linkend="gnutls"/>,
119 <xref linkend="iptables"/>,
120 <xref linkend="libgcrypt"/>,
121 <xref linkend="libidn2"/>,
122 <xref linkend="libpwquality"/>,
123 <xref linkend="libseccomp"/>,
124 <xref linkend="libxkbcommon"/>,
125 <xref linkend="make-ca"/>,
126 <xref linkend="p11-kit"/>,
127 <xref linkend="pcre2"/>,
128 <xref linkend="qemu"/>,
129 <xref linkend="qrencode"/>,
130 <xref linkend="rsync"/>,
131 <xref linkend="sphinx"/>,
132 <xref linkend="valgrind"/>,
133 <xref linkend="zsh"/> (for the zsh completions),
134 <ulink url="https://www.apparmor.net/">AppArmor</ulink>,
135 <ulink url="https://github.com/linux-audit/audit-userspace">audit-userspace</ulink>,
136 <ulink url="https://github.com/scop/bash-completion">bash-completion</ulink>,
137 <ulink url="https://jekyllrb.com/">jekyll</ulink>,
138 <ulink url="https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kexec/">kexec-tools</ulink>,
139 <ulink url="https://github.com/libbpf/libbpf">libbpf</ulink>,
140 <ulink url="https://sourceware.org/elfutils/">libdw</ulink>,
141 <ulink url="https://developers.yubico.com/libfido2/">libfido2</ulink>,
142 <ulink url="https://www.gnu.org/software/libmicrohttpd/">libmicrohttpd</ulink>,
143 <ulink url="https://lz4.github.io/lz4/">lz4</ulink>,
144 <ulink url="https://pypi.org/project/pyelftools/">pyelftools</ulink>,
145 <ulink url="https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/">quota-tools</ulink>,
146 <ulink url="https://rpm.org/">rpm</ulink>,
147 <ulink url="https://github.com/SELinuxProject/selinux">SELinux</ulink>,
148 <ulink url="https://sourceware.org/systemtap/">systemtap</ulink>,
149 <ulink url="https://tpm2-tss.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">tpm2-tss</ulink>
150 and <ulink url="https://xenproject.org">Xen</ulink>
151 </para>
152
153 <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (to rebuild the manual pages)</bridgehead>
154 <para role="optional">
155 <xref linkend="DocBook"/>,
156 <xref linkend="docbook-xsl"/>,
157 <xref linkend="libxslt"/>, and
158 <xref linkend="lxml"/> (to build the index of systemd manual pages)
159 </para>
160
161 </sect2>
162
163 <sect2 role="installation">
164 <title>Installation of systemd</title>
165<!--
166 <para>
167 First, fix a security issue in systemd-coredump:
168 </para>
169
170<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../systemd-&systemd-version;-security_fix-1.patch</userinput></screen>
171-->
172
173 <para>
174 Remove two unneeded groups,
175 <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem> and
176 <systemitem class="groupname">sgx</systemitem>, from the default udev
177 rules:
178 </para>
179
180<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
181 -e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
182
183 <para>
184 Rebuild <application>systemd</application> by running the
185 following commands:
186 </para>
187
188<screen><userinput>mkdir build &amp;&amp;
189cd build &amp;&amp;
190
191meson setup .. \
192 --prefix=/usr \
193 --buildtype=release \
194 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
195 -Dfirstboot=false \
196 -Dinstall-tests=false \
197 -Dldconfig=false \
198 -Dman=auto \
199 -Dsysusers=false \
200 -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
201 -Dhomed=false \
202 -Duserdb=false \
203 -Dmode=release \
204 -Dpam=true \
205 -Dpamconfdir=/etc/pam.d \
206 -Ddev-kvm-mode=0660 \
207 -Dnobody-group=nogroup \
208 -Ddocdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; &amp;&amp;
209
210ninja</userinput></screen>
211<!-- Regarding homed and userdb, see the note below in Command Explanations-->
212
213 <note>
214 <para>
215 For the best test results, make sure you run the test suite from
216 a system that is booted by the same
217 <application>systemd</application> version you are rebuilding.
218 </para>
219 </note>
220
221 <para>
222 To test the results, issue: <command>ninja test</command>.
223 <!-- test-netlink: https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/27969 -->
224 The test named <filename>test-stat-util</filename> and
225 <filename>test-netlink</filename> are known to fail
226 if some kernel features are not enabled.
227 If the test suite is ran as the &root; user, some
228 other tests may fail because they depend on various kernel
229 configuration options.
230 </para>
231
232 <para>
233 Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
234 </para>
235
236<screen role="root"><userinput>ninja install</userinput></screen>
237
238 </sect2>
239
240 <sect2 role="commands">
241 <title>Command Explanations</title>
242
243 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
244 href="../../xincludes/meson-buildtype-release.xml"/>
245
246 <para>
247 <parameter>-Dpamconfdir=/etc/pam.d</parameter>: Forces the PAM files to
248 be installed in /etc/pam.d rather than /usr/lib/pam.d.
249 </para>
250
251 <para>
252 <parameter>-Duserdb=false</parameter>: Removes a daemon that does not
253 offer any use under a BLFS configuration. If you wish to enable the
254 <application>userdbd</application> daemon, replace "false" with "true"
255 in the above meson command.
256 </para>
257
258 <para>
259 <parameter>-Dhomed=false</parameter>: Removes a daemon that does not offer
260 any use under a traditional BLFS configuration, especially using accounts
261 created with useradd. To enable systemd-homed, first ensure that you have
262 <xref linkend="cryptsetup"/> and <xref linkend="libpwquality"/> installed,
263 and then change "false" to "true" in the above meson command.
264 </para>
265
266 <!-- EDITORS NOTE: Explanation on removing userdbd and homed:
267 In BLFS, we do not fully support disk encryption. We offer instructions for
268 building 'cryptsetup' as a dependency, but we do not offer instructions for
269 actually configuring it. In addition, we generally do not include
270 functionality that could potentially conflict with other packages, or that
271 is not of any use to us (in an enterprise configuration using Thin Clients
272 or laptops with LUKS encryption, it could make sense though, but that isn't
273 the configuration that we natively support).
274
275 A few of the complications of systemd-homed include:
276 - SSH Logins
277 - Disk Space Assignments
278 - UID Assignments (chown() on login)
279 (See https://cfp.all-systems-go.io/media/homed-asg2019.pdf)
280
281 In an article I read when systemd-homed was originally unveiled, I remember
282 reading about systemd-homed causing problems with OpenSSH Private Key Auth
283 because the user would have to login at the console in order to unlock
284 their home directory, thus allowing the private key to be unlocked and
285 processed by OpenSSH. Since BLFS does not fully support encrypted disks,
286 and because systemd-homed is incompatible with our usage of useradd /
287 traditional UNIX users and groups, I advise that we take the following
288 approach to avoid any confusion:
289
290 - Leave the added Short Descriptions for homectl and userdbctl
291 - Add the above command explanations and restore the previous behavior
292
293 Should we decide to enable homed by default anytime in the future,
294 let's move cryptsetup to recommended or required.
295
296 I would be open to discussing this after the next systemd version when
297 systemd-homed has matured a bit more. -renodr -->
298
299 </sect2>
300
301 <sect2 role="configuration">
302 <title>Configuring systemd</title>
303
304 <para>
305 The <filename>/etc/pam.d/system-session</filename> file needs to
306 be modified and a new file needs to be created in order for
307 <command>systemd-logind</command> to work correctly. Run the following
308 commands as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
309 </para>
310
311<screen role="root"><userinput>grep 'pam_systemd' /etc/pam.d/system-session ||
312cat &gt;&gt; /etc/pam.d/system-session &lt;&lt; "EOF"
313<literal># Begin Systemd addition
314
315session required pam_loginuid.so
316session optional pam_systemd.so
317
318# End Systemd addition</literal>
319EOF
320
321cat &gt; /etc/pam.d/systemd-user &lt;&lt; "EOF"
322<literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/systemd-user
323
324account required pam_access.so
325account include system-account
326
327session required pam_env.so
328session required pam_limits.so
329session required pam_unix.so
330session required pam_loginuid.so
331session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke
332session optional pam_systemd.so
333
334auth required pam_deny.so
335password required pam_deny.so
336
337# End /etc/pam.d/systemd-user</literal>
338EOF</userinput></screen>
339
340 <warning>
341 <para>
342 If upgrading from a previous version of systemd and an
343 initrd is used for system boot, you should generate a new initrd before
344 rebooting the system.
345 </para>
346 </warning>
347
348 </sect2>
349
350 <sect2 role="content">
351 <title>Contents</title>
352
353 <para>
354 A list of the installed files, along with their short
355 descriptions can be found at
356 <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/systemd.html#contents-systemd"/>.
357 </para>
358
359 <para>
360 Listed below are the newly installed programs
361 along with short descriptions.
362 </para>
363
364 <segmentedlist>
365 <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
366
367 <seglistitem>
368 <seg>
369 <!-- maybe userdbd/userdbctl can go in LFS, try at next time -->
370 homectl (optional),
371 systemd-cryptenroll (if <xref linkend="cryptsetup"/> is installed),
372 and userdbctl (optional)
373 </seg>
374 </seglistitem>
375 </segmentedlist>
376
377 <variablelist>
378 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
379 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
380 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
381
382 <varlistentry id="homectl">
383 <term><command>homectl</command></term>
384 <listitem>
385 <para>
386 is a tool to create, remove, change, or inspect a home directory
387 managed by <command>systemd-homed</command>; note that it's
388 useless for the classic UNIX users and home directories which
389 we are using in LFS/BLFS book
390 </para>
391 <indexterm zone="systemd homectl">
392 <primary sortas="b-homectl">homectl</primary>
393 </indexterm>
394 </listitem>
395 </varlistentry>
396
397 <varlistentry id="systemd-cryptenroll">
398 <term><command>systemd-cryptenroll</command></term>
399 <listitem>
400 <para>
401 Is used to enroll or remove a system from full disk encryption,
402 as well as set and query private keys and recovery keys
403 </para>
404 <indexterm zone="systemd systemd-cryptenroll">
405 <primary sortas="b-systemd-cryptenroll">systemd-cryptenroll</primary>
406 </indexterm>
407 </listitem>
408 </varlistentry>
409
410 <varlistentry id="userdbctl">
411 <term><command>userdbctl</command></term>
412 <listitem>
413 <para>
414 inspects users, groups, and group memberships
415 </para>
416 <indexterm zone="systemd userdbctl">
417 <primary sortas="b-userdbctl">userdbctl</primary>
418 </indexterm>
419 </listitem>
420 </varlistentry>
421
422 <varlistentry id="pam_systemd">
423 <term><filename class="libraryfile">pam_systemd.so</filename></term>
424 <listitem>
425 <para>
426 is a PAM module used to register user sessions with the
427 <application>systemd</application> login manager,
428 <command>systemd-logind</command>
429 </para>
430 <indexterm zone="systemd pam_systemd">
431 <primary sortas="c-pam_systemd">pam_systemd.so</primary>
432 </indexterm>
433 </listitem>
434 </varlistentry>
435
436 </variablelist>
437
438 </sect2>
439
440</sect1>
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