| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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| 7 | <!-- <!ENTITY systemd-download-http "http://anduin.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/systemd-&systemd-version;-&systemd-stable;.tar.xz"> For whenever we move to a stable snapshot for backports -->
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| 8 | <!ENTITY systemd-download-http "https://github.com/systemd/systemd/archive/v&systemd-version;/systemd-&systemd-version;.tar.gz">
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| 9 | <!ENTITY systemd-download-ftp " ">
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| 10 | <!ENTITY systemd-md5sum "8929beb037c587ada4ed201f19756fe2">
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| 11 | <!ENTITY systemd-size "11 MB">
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| 12 | <!ENTITY systemd-buildsize "307 MB (with tests)">
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| 13 | <!ENTITY systemd-time "2.5 SBU (with tests)">
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| 14 |
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| 15 | ]>
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| 16 |
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| 17 | <sect1 id="systemd" xreflabel="Systemd-&systemd-version;" revision="systemd">
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| 18 | <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
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| 19 |
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| 20 | <sect1info>
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| 21 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 22 | </sect1info>
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| 23 |
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| 24 | <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
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| 25 | <!-- Whenever we switch back to stable backports, make sure to add the systemd-stable reference back. -->
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| 26 |
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| 27 | <indexterm zone="systemd">
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| 28 | <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
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| 29 | </indexterm>
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| 30 |
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| 31 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 32 | <title>Introduction to systemd</title>
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| 33 |
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| 34 | <para>
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| 35 | While <application>systemd</application> was installed when
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| 36 | building LFS, there are many features provided by the package that
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| 37 | were not included in the initial installation because
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| 38 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> was not yet installed.
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| 39 | The <application>systemd</application> package needs to be
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| 40 | rebuilt to provide a working <command>systemd-logind</command> service,
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| 41 | which provides many additional features for dependent packages.
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| 42 | </para>
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| 43 |
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| 44 | &lfs111_checked;
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| 45 |
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| 46 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 47 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 48 | <listitem>
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| 49 | <para>
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| 50 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&systemd-download-http;"/>
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| 51 | </para>
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| 52 | </listitem>
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| 53 | <listitem>
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| 54 | <para>
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| 55 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&systemd-download-ftp;"/>
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| 56 | </para>
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| 57 | </listitem>
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| 58 | <listitem>
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| 59 | <para>
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| 60 | Download MD5 sum: &systemd-md5sum;
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| 61 | </para>
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| 62 | </listitem>
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| 63 | <listitem>
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| 64 | <para>
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| 65 | Download size: &systemd-size;
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| 66 | </para>
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| 67 | </listitem>
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| 68 | <listitem>
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| 69 | <para>
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| 70 | Estimated disk space required: &systemd-buildsize;
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| 71 | </para>
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| 72 | </listitem>
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| 73 | <listitem>
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| 74 | <para>
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| 75 | Estimated build time: &systemd-time;
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| 76 | </para>
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| 77 | </listitem>
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| 78 | </itemizedlist>
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| 79 |
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| 80 |
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| 81 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
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| 82 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 83 | <listitem>
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| 84 | <para>
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| 85 | Required patch:
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| 86 | <ulink url="&patch-root;/systemd-&systemd-version;-upstream_fixes-1.patch"/>
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| 87 | </para>
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| 88 | </listitem>
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| 89 | <listitem>
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| 90 | <para>
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| 91 | Required patch:
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| 92 | <ulink url="&patch-root;/systemd-&systemd-version;-kernel_5.17_fixes-1.patch"/>
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| 93 | </para>
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| 94 | </listitem>
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| 95 | </itemizedlist>
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| 96 |
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| 97 |
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| 98 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">systemd Dependencies</bridgehead>
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| 99 |
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| 100 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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| 101 | <para role="required">
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| 102 | <xref linkend="Jinja2"/> and
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| 103 | <xref linkend="linux-pam"/>
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| 104 | </para>
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| 105 |
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| 106 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended Runtime Dependencies</bridgehead>
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| 107 | <para role="recommended">
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| 108 | <xref role="runtime" linkend="polkit"/>
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| 109 | </para>
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| 110 |
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| 111 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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| 112 | <para role="optional">
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| 113 | <xref linkend="btrfs-progs"/>, <!-- homed may support it, see the C.E.-->
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| 114 | <xref linkend="curl"/>,
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| 115 | <xref linkend="cryptsetup"/>,
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| 116 | <xref linkend="git"/>,
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| 117 | <xref linkend="gnutls"/>,
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| 118 | <xref linkend="iptables"/>,
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| 119 | <xref linkend="libgcrypt"/>,
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| 120 | <xref linkend="libidn2"/>,
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| 121 | <xref linkend="libpwquality"/>,
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| 122 | <xref linkend="libseccomp"/>,
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| 123 | <xref linkend="libxkbcommon"/>,
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| 124 | <xref linkend="make-ca"/>,
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| 125 | <xref linkend="p11-kit"/>,
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| 126 | <xref linkend="pcre2"/>,
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| 127 | <xref linkend="qemu"/>,
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| 128 | <xref linkend="qrencode"/>,
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| 129 | <xref linkend="rsync"/>,
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| 130 | <xref linkend="valgrind"/>,
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| 131 | <xref linkend="zsh"/> (for the zsh completions),
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| 132 | <ulink url="https://sourceforge.net/projects/gnu-efi/">gnu-efi</ulink>,
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| 133 | <ulink url="https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kexec/">kexec-tools</ulink>,
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| 134 | <ulink url="https://github.com/libbpf/libbpf">libbpf</ulink>,
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| 135 | <ulink url="https://sourceware.org/elfutils/">libdw</ulink>,
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| 136 | <ulink url="https://developers.yubico.com/libfido2/">libfido2</ulink>,
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| 137 | <ulink url="https://www.gnu.org/software/libmicrohttpd/">libmicrohttpd</ulink>,
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| 138 | <ulink url="http://lz4.github.io/lz4/">lz4</ulink>,
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| 139 | <!--<ulink url="http://fukuchi.org/works/qrencode/">qrencode</ulink>,-->
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| 140 | <ulink url="https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/">quota-tools</ulink>,
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| 141 | <ulink url="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Sphinx">Sphinx</ulink>, and
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| 142 | <ulink url="https://tpm2-tss.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">tpm2-tss</ulink>
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| 143 | </para>
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| 144 |
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| 145 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (to rebuild the manual pages)</bridgehead>
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| 146 | <para role="optional">
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| 147 | <xref linkend="DocBook"/>,
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| 148 | <xref linkend="docbook-xsl"/>,
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| 149 | <xref linkend="libxslt"/>, and
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| 150 | <xref linkend="lxml"/> (to build the index of systemd manual pages)
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| 151 | </para>
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| 152 |
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| 153 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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| 154 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/systemd"/>
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| 155 | </para>
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| 156 | </sect2>
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| 157 |
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| 158 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 159 | <title>Installation of systemd</title>
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| 160 |
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| 161 | <para>
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| 162 | First, apply a patch to fix a security vulnerability and fix issues with the
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| 163 | default hostname on some systems:
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| 164 | </para>
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| 165 |
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| 166 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../systemd-&systemd-version;-upstream_fixes-1.patch</userinput></screen>
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| 167 |
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| 168 | <para>
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| 169 | Now, apply a patch to fix a problem with the linux kernel headers in
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| 170 | versions 5.17 and above:
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| 171 | </para>
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| 172 |
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| 173 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../systemd-&systemd-version;-kernel_5.17_fixes-1.patch</userinput></screen>
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| 174 |
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| 175 | <para>
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| 176 | Remove two unneeded groups,
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| 177 | <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem> and
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| 178 | <systemitem class="groupname">sgx</systemitem>, from the default udev
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| 179 | rules:
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| 180 | </para>
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| 181 |
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| 182 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
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| 183 | -e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
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| 184 |
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| 185 | <para>
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| 186 | Rebuild <application>systemd</application> by running the
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| 187 | following commands:
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| 188 | </para>
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| 189 |
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| 190 | <screen><userinput>mkdir build &&
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| 191 | cd build &&
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| 192 |
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| 193 | meson --prefix=/usr \
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| 194 | --buildtype=release \
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| 195 | -Dblkid=true \
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| 196 | -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
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| 197 | -Dfirstboot=false \
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| 198 | -Dinstall-tests=false \
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| 199 | -Dldconfig=false \
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| 200 | -Dman=auto \
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| 201 | -Dsysusers=false \
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| 202 | -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
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| 203 | -Db_lto=false \
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| 204 | -Dhomed=false \
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| 205 | -Duserdb=false \
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| 206 | -Dmode=release \
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| 207 | -Dpamconfdir=/etc/pam.d \
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| 208 | -Ddocdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
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| 209 | .. &&
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| 210 |
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| 211 | ninja</userinput></screen>
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| 212 | <!-- Regarding homed and userdb, see the note below in Command Explanations-->
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| 213 |
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| 214 | <note>
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| 215 | <para>
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| 216 | For the best test results, make sure you run the testsuite from
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| 217 | a system that is booted by the same
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| 218 | <application>systemd</application> version you are rebuilding.
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| 219 | </para>
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| 220 | </note>
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| 221 |
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| 222 | <para>
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| 223 | To test the results, issue:
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| 224 | <command>PATH+=:/usr/sbin ninja test</command>.
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| 225 | <!-- One test named test-repart needs sfdisk, which is in /usr/sbin. -->
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| 226 | </para>
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| 227 |
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| 228 | <!--
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| 229 | <warning>
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| 230 | <para>
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| 231 | Installing the package will overwrite all files installed by
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| 232 | <application>systemd</application> in LFS. It is critical that
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| 233 | nothing uses either <application>systemd</application> or
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| 234 | <application>Udev</application> libraries during the installation.
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| 235 | The best way to ensure that these libraries are not being used is to
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| 236 | run the installation in rescue mode. To switch to rescue mode,
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| 237 | run the following command as the
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| 238 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user (from a TTY):
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| 239 | </para>
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| 240 |
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| 241 | <screen role="root"><userinput>systemctl isolate rescue.target</userinput></screen>
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| 242 | </warning>
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| 243 | Nobody has reported problems with this in years. Let's comment it. -->
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| 244 |
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| 245 | <para>
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| 246 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 247 | </para>
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| 248 |
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| 249 | <screen role="root"><userinput>ninja install</userinput></screen>
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| 250 |
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| 251 | <!-- Included in the patch
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| 252 | <para>
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| 253 | Fix a problem in a systemd unit that can cause extra delays when
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| 254 | changing TTYs:
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| 255 | </para>
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| 256 |
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| 257 | <screen role="root"><userinput>sed -i 's/idle/simple/' /usr/lib/systemd/system/getty@.service</userinput></screen>
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| 258 | -->
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| 259 | <!-- No longer needed as of systemd-244.
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| 260 | <para>
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| 261 | Remove a configuration file that causes some problems with PID files:
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| 262 | </para>
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| 263 |
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| 264 | <screen role="root"><userinput>rm -fv /etc/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput></screen>
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| 265 | -->
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| 266 | </sect2>
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| 267 |
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| 268 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 269 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 270 |
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| 271 | <!-- Not needed with the patch
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| 272 | <para>
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| 273 | <parameter>-Dc_args=-Wno-format-overflow</parameter>: Prevents an error
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| 274 | when building with <application>GCC 10</application>. The default is
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| 275 | <option>-Werror=format-overflow</option>,
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| 276 | which generates false positives. This switch may be used with previous
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| 277 | versions of GCC too.
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| 278 | </para>
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| 279 | -->
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| 280 |
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| 281 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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| 282 | href="../../xincludes/meson-buildtype-release.xml"/>
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| 283 |
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| 284 | <para>
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| 285 | <parameter>-Dpamconfdir=/etc/pam.d</parameter>: Forces the PAM files to
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| 286 | be installed in /etc/pam.d rather than /usr/lib/pam.d.
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| 287 | </para>
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| 288 |
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| 289 | <para>
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| 290 | <parameter>-Duserdb=false</parameter>: Removes a daemon that does not
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| 291 | offer any use under a BLFS configuration. If you wish to enable the
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| 292 | <application>userdbd</application> daemon, replace "false" with "true"
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| 293 | in the above meson command.
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| 294 | </para>
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| 295 |
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| 296 | <para>
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| 297 | <parameter>-Dhomed=false</parameter>: Removes a daemon that does not offer
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| 298 | any use under a traditional BLFS configuration, especially using accounts
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| 299 | created with useradd. To enable systemd-homed, first ensure that you have
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| 300 | <xref linkend="cryptsetup"/> and <xref linkend="libpwquality"/> installed,
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| 301 | and then change "false" to "true" in the above meson command.
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| 302 | </para>
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| 303 |
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| 304 | <!-- EDITORS NOTE: Explanation on removing userdbd and homed:
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| 305 | In BLFS, we do not fully support disk encryption. We offer instructions for
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| 306 | building 'cryptsetup' as a dependency, but we do not offer instructions for
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| 307 | actually configuring it. In addition, we generally do not include
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| 308 | functionality that could potentially conflict with other packages, or that
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| 309 | is not of any use to us (in an enterprise configuration using Thin Clients
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| 310 | or laptops with LUKS encryption, it could make sense though, but that isn't
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| 311 | the configuration that we natively support).
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| 312 |
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| 313 | A few of the complications of systemd-homed include:
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| 314 | - SSH Logins
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| 315 | - Disk Space Assignments
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| 316 | - UID Assignments (chown() on login)
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| 317 | (See https://cfp.all-systems-go.io/media/homed-asg2019.pdf)
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| 318 |
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| 319 | In an article I read when systemd-homed was originally unveiled, I remember
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| 320 | reading about systemd-homed causing problems with OpenSSH Private Key Auth
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| 321 | because the user would have to login at the console in order to unlock
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| 322 | their home directory, thus allowing the private key to be unlocked and
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| 323 | processed by OpenSSH. Since BLFS does not fully support encrypted disks,
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| 324 | and because systemd-homed is incompatible with our usage of useradd /
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| 325 | traditional UNIX users and groups, I advise that we take the following
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| 326 | approach to avoid any confusion:
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| 327 |
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| 328 | - Leave the added Short Descriptions for homectl and userdbctl
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| 329 | - Add the above command explanations and restore the previous behavior
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| 330 |
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| 331 | Should we decide to enable homed by default anytime in the future,
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| 332 | let's move cryptsetup to recommended or required.
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| 333 |
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| 334 | I would be open to discussing this after the next systemd version when
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| 335 | systemd-homed has matured a bit more. -renodr -->
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| 336 |
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| 337 | </sect2>
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| 338 |
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| 339 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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| 340 | <title>Configuring systemd</title>
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| 341 |
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| 342 | <para>
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| 343 | The <filename>/etc/pam.d/system-session</filename> file needs to
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| 344 | be modified and a new file needs to be created in order for
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| 345 | <command>systemd-logind</command> to work correctly. Run the following
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| 346 | commands as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 347 | </para>
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| 348 |
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| 349 | <screen role="root"><userinput>grep 'pam_systemd' /etc/pam.d/system-session ||
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| 350 | cat >> /etc/pam.d/system-session << "EOF"
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| 351 | <literal># Begin Systemd addition
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| 352 |
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| 353 | session required pam_loginuid.so
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| 354 | session optional pam_systemd.so
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| 355 |
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| 356 | # End Systemd addition</literal>
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| 357 | EOF
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| 358 |
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| 359 | cat > /etc/pam.d/systemd-user << "EOF"
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| 360 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/systemd-user
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| 361 |
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| 362 | account required pam_access.so
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| 363 | account include system-account
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| 364 |
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| 365 | session required pam_env.so
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| 366 | session required pam_limits.so
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| 367 | session required pam_unix.so
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| 368 | session required pam_loginuid.so
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| 369 | session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke
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| 370 | session optional pam_systemd.so
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| 371 |
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| 372 | auth required pam_deny.so
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| 373 | password required pam_deny.so
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| 374 |
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| 375 | # End /etc/pam.d/systemd-user</literal>
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| 376 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 377 |
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| 378 | <!--
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| 379 | <para>
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| 380 | At this point, you should reload the systemd daemon, and reenter
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| 381 | multi-user mode with the following commands (as the
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| 382 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user). If a desktop
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| 383 | manager is installed and you wish to reenter the graphical mode,
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| 384 | replace <userinput>multi-user.target</userinput> with
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| 385 | <userinput>graphical.target</userinput>:
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| 386 | </para>
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| 387 |
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| 388 | <screen role="root"><userinput>systemctl daemon-reexec
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| 389 | systemctl start multi-user.target</userinput></screen>-->
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| 390 |
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| 391 | <warning>
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| 392 | <para>
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| 393 | If upgrading from a previous version of systemd and an
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| 394 | initrd is used for system boot, you should generate a new initrd before
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| 395 | rebooting the system.
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| 396 | </para>
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| 397 | </warning>
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| 398 |
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| 399 | </sect2>
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| 400 |
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| 401 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 402 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 403 |
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| 404 | <para>
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| 405 | A list of the installed files, along with their short
|
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| 406 | descriptions can be found at
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| 407 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/systemd.html#contents-systemd"/>.
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| 408 | </para>
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| 409 |
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| 410 | <para>
|
|---|
| 411 | Listed below are the newly installed programs
|
|---|
| 412 | along with short descriptions.
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|---|
| 413 | </para>
|
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| 414 |
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| 415 | <segmentedlist>
|
|---|
| 416 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
|
|---|
| 417 |
|
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| 418 | <seglistitem>
|
|---|
| 419 | <seg>
|
|---|
| 420 | <!-- maybe userdbd/userdbctl can go in LFS, try at next time -->
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| 421 | homectl (if <xref linkend="cryptsetup"/> is installed),
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| 422 | systemd-cryptenroll (if <xref linkend="cryptsetup"/> is installed),
|
|---|
| 423 | and userdbctl (optionally)
|
|---|
| 424 | </seg>
|
|---|
| 425 | </seglistitem>
|
|---|
| 426 | </segmentedlist>
|
|---|
| 427 |
|
|---|
| 428 | <variablelist>
|
|---|
| 429 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 430 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
|---|
| 431 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
|---|
| 432 |
|
|---|
| 433 | <varlistentry id="homectl">
|
|---|
| 434 | <term><command>homectl</command></term>
|
|---|
| 435 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 436 | <para>
|
|---|
| 437 | is a tool to create, remove, change, or inspect a home directory
|
|---|
| 438 | managed by <command>systemd-homed</command>; note that it's
|
|---|
| 439 | useless for the classic UNIX users and home directories which
|
|---|
| 440 | we are using in LFS/BLFS book
|
|---|
| 441 | </para>
|
|---|
| 442 | <indexterm zone="systemd homectl">
|
|---|
| 443 | <primary sortas="b-homectl">homectl</primary>
|
|---|
| 444 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 445 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 446 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 447 |
|
|---|
| 448 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cryptenroll">
|
|---|
| 449 | <term><command>systemd-cryptenroll</command></term>
|
|---|
| 450 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 451 | <para>
|
|---|
| 452 | Is used to enroll or remove a system from full disk encryption,
|
|---|
| 453 | as well as set and query private keys and recovery keys
|
|---|
| 454 | </para>
|
|---|
| 455 | <indexterm zone="systemd systemd-cryptenroll">
|
|---|
| 456 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cryptenroll">systemd-cryptenroll</primary>
|
|---|
| 457 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 458 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 459 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 460 |
|
|---|
| 461 | <varlistentry id="userdbctl">
|
|---|
| 462 | <term><command>userdbctl</command></term>
|
|---|
| 463 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 464 | <para>
|
|---|
| 465 | inspects users, groups, and group memberships
|
|---|
| 466 | </para>
|
|---|
| 467 | <indexterm zone="systemd userdbctl">
|
|---|
| 468 | <primary sortas="b-userdbctl">userdbctl</primary>
|
|---|
| 469 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 470 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 471 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 472 |
|
|---|
| 473 | <varlistentry id="pam_systemd">
|
|---|
| 474 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">pam_systemd.so</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 475 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 476 | <para>
|
|---|
| 477 | is a PAM module used to register user sessions with the
|
|---|
| 478 | <application>systemd</application> login manager,
|
|---|
| 479 | <command>systemd-logind</command>
|
|---|
| 480 | </para>
|
|---|
| 481 | <indexterm zone="systemd pam_systemd">
|
|---|
| 482 | <primary sortas="c-pam_systemd">pam_systemd.so</primary>
|
|---|
| 483 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 484 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 485 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 486 |
|
|---|
| 487 | </variablelist>
|
|---|
| 488 |
|
|---|
| 489 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 490 |
|
|---|
| 491 | </sect1>
|
|---|
