| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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| 7 | <!-- <!ENTITY systemd-download-http "http://anduin.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/systemd-&systemd-version;-&systemd-stable;.tar.xz"> For whenever we move to a stable snapshot for backports -->
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| 8 | <!ENTITY systemd-download-http "https://github.com/systemd/systemd/archive/v&systemd-version;/systemd-&systemd-version;.tar.gz">
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| 9 | <!ENTITY systemd-download-ftp " ">
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| 10 | <!ENTITY systemd-md5sum "04f02d9841ea5992a16f6b03c873da28">
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| 11 | <!ENTITY systemd-size "8.6 MB">
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| 12 | <!ENTITY systemd-buildsize "246 MB (with tests)">
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| 13 | <!ENTITY systemd-time "2.1 SBU (with tests)">
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| 14 |
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| 15 | ]>
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| 16 |
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| 17 | <sect1 id="systemd" xreflabel="Systemd-&systemd-version;" revision="systemd">
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| 18 | <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
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| 19 |
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| 20 | <sect1info>
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| 21 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 22 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 23 | </sect1info>
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| 24 |
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| 25 | <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
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| 26 | <!-- Whenever we switch back to stable backports, make sure to add the systemd-stable reference back. -->
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| 27 |
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| 28 | <indexterm zone="systemd">
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| 29 | <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
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| 30 | </indexterm>
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| 31 |
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| 32 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 33 | <title>Introduction to systemd</title>
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| 34 |
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| 35 | <para>
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| 36 | While <application>systemd</application> was installed when
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| 37 | building LFS, there are many features provided by the package that
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| 38 | were not included in the initial installation because
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| 39 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> was not yet installed.
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| 40 | The <application>systemd</application> package needs to be
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| 41 | rebuilt to provide a working <command>systemd-logind</command> service,
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| 42 | which provides many additional features for dependent packages.
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| 43 | </para>
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| 44 |
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| 45 | &lfs91_checked;
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| 46 |
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| 47 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 48 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 49 | <listitem>
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| 50 | <para>
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| 51 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&systemd-download-http;"/>
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| 52 | </para>
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| 53 | </listitem>
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| 54 | <listitem>
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| 55 | <para>
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| 56 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&systemd-download-ftp;"/>
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| 57 | </para>
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| 58 | </listitem>
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| 59 | <listitem>
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| 60 | <para>
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| 61 | Download MD5 sum: &systemd-md5sum;
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| 62 | </para>
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| 63 | </listitem>
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| 64 | <listitem>
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| 65 | <para>
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| 66 | Download size: &systemd-size;
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| 67 | </para>
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| 68 | </listitem>
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| 69 | <listitem>
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| 70 | <para>
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| 71 | Estimated disk space required: &systemd-buildsize;
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| 72 | </para>
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| 73 | </listitem>
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| 74 | <listitem>
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| 75 | <para>
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| 76 | Estimated build time: &systemd-time;
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| 77 | </para>
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| 78 | </listitem>
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| 79 | </itemizedlist>
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| 80 |
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| 81 | <!--
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| 82 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
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| 83 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 84 | <listitem>
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| 85 | <para>
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| 86 | Required patch:
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| 87 | <ulink url="&patch-root;/systemd-&systemd-version;-seccomp_and_cpuaffinity_fix-1.patch"/>
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| 88 | </para>
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| 89 | </listitem>
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| 90 | </itemizedlist>
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| 91 | -->
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| 92 |
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| 93 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">systemd Dependencies</bridgehead>
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| 94 |
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| 95 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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| 96 | <para role="required">
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| 97 | <xref linkend="linux-pam"/>
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| 98 | </para>
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| 99 |
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| 100 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended Runtime Dependencies</bridgehead>
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| 101 | <para role="recommended">
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| 102 | <xref role="runtime" linkend="polkit"/>
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| 103 | </para>
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| 104 |
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| 105 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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| 106 | <para role="optional">
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| 107 | <xref linkend="btrfs-progs"/> <!-- homed may support it, see the C.E.-->
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| 108 | <xref linkend="curl"/>,
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| 109 | <xref linkend="cryptsetup"/>,
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| 110 | <xref linkend="git"/>,
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| 111 | <xref linkend="gnutls"/>,
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| 112 | <xref linkend="iptables"/>,
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| 113 | <xref linkend="libgcrypt"/>,
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| 114 | <xref linkend="libidn2"/>,
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| 115 | <xref linkend="libpwquality"/>,
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| 116 | <xref linkend="libseccomp"/>,
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| 117 | <xref linkend="libxkbcommon"/>,
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| 118 | <xref linkend="make-ca"/>,
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| 119 | <xref linkend="pcre2"/>,
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| 120 | <xref linkend="qemu"/>,
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| 121 | <xref linkend="valgrind"/>,
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| 122 | <xref linkend="zsh"/> (for the zsh completions),
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| 123 | <ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnu-efi/">gnu-efi</ulink>,
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| 124 | <ulink url="https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kexec/">kexec-tools</ulink>,
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| 125 | <ulink url="https://www.gnu.org/software/libmicrohttpd/">libmicrohttpd</ulink>,
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| 126 | <ulink url="http://lz4.github.io/lz4/">lz4</ulink>,
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| 127 | <ulink url="http://fukuchi.org/works/qrencode/">qrencode</ulink>,
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| 128 | <ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/">quota-tools</ulink> and
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| 129 | <ulink url="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Sphinx">Sphinx</ulink>
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| 130 | </para>
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| 131 |
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| 132 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (to rebuild the manual pages)</bridgehead>
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| 133 | <para role="optional">
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| 134 | <xref linkend="DocBook"/>,
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| 135 | <xref linkend="docbook-xsl"/>,
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| 136 | <xref linkend="libxslt"/>, and
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| 137 | <xref linkend="lxml"/> (to build the index of systemd manual pages)
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| 138 | </para>
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| 139 |
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| 140 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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| 141 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/systemd"/>
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| 142 | </para>
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| 143 | </sect2>
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| 144 |
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| 145 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 146 | <title>Installation of systemd</title>
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| 147 | <!-- 243-244 is now supported, so let's comment this for now.
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| 148 | <warning>
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| 149 | <para>
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| 150 | This version of systemd is incompatible with all previous
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| 151 | releases. The BLFS team does not recommend updating in place, and
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| 152 | suggests that you do a rebuild instead.
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| 153 | </para>
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| 154 | </warning>
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| 155 | -->
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| 156 | <!--
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| 157 | <para>
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| 158 | Apply a patch to fix problems with libseccomp-2.4.2+ and Linux-5.4+:
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| 159 | </para>
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| 160 |
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| 161 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../systemd-&systemd-version;-seccomp_and_cpuaffinity_fix-1.patch</userinput></screen>
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| 162 | -->
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| 163 |
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| 164 | <!-- The above is only needed on systems with Linux 5.4+ and libseccomp-2.4.2+
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| 165 | This fix is due to syscall changes in libseccomp+Linux 5.4+.
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| 166 | The affected syscall is shmat(), which isn't implemented properly on
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| 167 | i686, and intermittently fails on x86_64. Also, there is a problem with
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| 168 | CPU Affinity + CGroups on Linux-5.4+ that causes issues with the
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| 169 | "test-execute" test. -->
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| 170 |
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| 171 | <para>
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| 172 | Remove an unneeded group,
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| 173 | <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem>, from the default udev
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| 174 | rules:
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| 175 | </para>
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| 176 |
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| 177 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/GROUP="render", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
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| 178 |
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| 179 | <para>
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| 180 | Rebuild <application>systemd</application> by running the
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| 181 | following commands:
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| 182 | </para>
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| 183 |
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| 184 | <screen><userinput>mkdir build &&
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| 185 | cd build &&
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| 186 |
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| 187 | meson --prefix=/usr \
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| 188 | --sysconfdir=/etc \
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| 189 | --localstatedir=/var \
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| 190 | -Dblkid=true \
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| 191 | -Dbuildtype=release \
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| 192 | -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
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| 193 | -Dfirstboot=false \
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| 194 | -Dinstall-tests=false \
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| 195 | -Dldconfig=false \
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| 196 | -Dman=auto \
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| 197 | -Drootprefix= \
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| 198 | -Drootlibdir=/lib \
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| 199 | -Dsplit-usr=true \
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| 200 | -Dsysusers=false \
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| 201 | -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
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| 202 | -Db_lto=false \
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| 203 | -Dhomed=false \
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| 204 | -Duserdb=false \
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| 205 | .. &&
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| 206 |
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| 207 | ninja</userinput></screen>
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| 208 | <!-- Regarding homed and userdb, see the note below in Command Explanations-->
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| 209 |
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| 210 | <note>
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| 211 | <para>
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| 212 | For the best test results, make sure you run the testsuite from
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| 213 | a system that is booted by the same
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| 214 | <application>systemd</application> version you are rebuilding.
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| 215 | </para>
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| 216 | </note>
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| 217 |
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| 218 | <para>
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| 219 | To test the results, issue: <command>ninja test</command>. <!--One test,
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| 220 | <filename>udev-test</filename> (test 273) fails due to changes in
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| 221 | the Linux 5.3+ kernel. It does not affect the package's
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| 222 | functionality. NO LONGER APPLICABLE AS OF 244 -->
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| 223 | </para>
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| 224 |
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| 225 | <warning>
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| 226 | <para>
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| 227 | Installing the package will overwrite all files installed by
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| 228 | <application>systemd</application> in LFS. It is critical that
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| 229 | nothing uses either <application>systemd</application> or
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| 230 | <application>Udev</application> libraries during the installation.
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| 231 | The best way to ensure that these libraries are not being used is to
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| 232 | run the installation in rescue mode. To switch to rescue mode,
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| 233 | run the following command as the
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| 234 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user (from a TTY):
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| 235 | </para>
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| 236 |
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| 237 | <screen role="root"><userinput>systemctl isolate rescue.target</userinput></screen>
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| 238 | </warning>
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| 239 |
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| 240 | <para>
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| 241 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 242 | </para>
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| 243 |
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| 244 | <screen role="root"><userinput>ninja install</userinput></screen>
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| 245 | <!-- No longer needed as of systemd-244.
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| 246 | <para>
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| 247 | Remove a configuration file that causes some problems with PID files:
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| 248 | </para>
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| 249 |
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| 250 | <screen role="root"><userinput>rm -fv /etc/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput></screen>
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| 251 | -->
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| 252 | </sect2>
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| 253 |
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| 254 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 255 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 256 |
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| 257 | <para>
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| 258 | <parameter>-Duserdb=false</parameter>: Removes a daemon that does not
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| 259 | offer any use under a BLFS configuration. If you wish to enable the
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| 260 | <application>userdbd</application> daemon, replace "false" with "true"
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| 261 | in the above meson command.
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| 262 | </para>
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| 263 |
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| 264 | <para>
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| 265 | <parameter>-Dhomed=false</parameter>: Remove a daemon that does not offer
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| 266 | any use under a traditional BLFS configuration, especially using accounts
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| 267 | created with useradd. To enable systemd-homed, first ensure that you have
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| 268 | <xref linkend="cryptsetup"/> and <xref linkend="libpwquality"/>, and then
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| 269 | change "false" to "true" in the above meson command.
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| 270 | </para>
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| 271 |
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| 272 | <!-- EDITORS NOTE: Explanation on removing userdbd and homed:
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| 273 | In BLFS, we do not fully support disk encryption. We offer instructions for
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| 274 | building 'cryptsetup' as a dependency, but we do not offer instructions for
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| 275 | actually configuring it. In addition, we generally do not include
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| 276 | functionality that could potentially conflict with other packages, or that
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| 277 | is not of any use to us (in an enterprise configuration using Thin Clients
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| 278 | or laptops with LUKS encryption, it could make sense though, but that isn't
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| 279 | the configuration that we natively support).
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| 280 |
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| 281 | A few of the complications of systemd-homed include:
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| 282 | - SSH Logins
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| 283 | - Disk Space Assignments
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| 284 | - UID Assignments (chown() on login)
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| 285 | (See https://cfp.all-systems-go.io/media/homed-asg2019.pdf)
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| 286 |
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| 287 | In an article I read when systemd-homed was originally unveiled, I remember
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| 288 | reading about systemd-homed causing problems with OpenSSH Private Key Auth
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| 289 | because the user would have to login at the console in order to unlock
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| 290 | their home directory, thus allowing the private key to be unlocked and
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| 291 | processed by OpenSSH. Since BLFS does not fully support encrypted disks,
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| 292 | and because systemd-homed is incompatible with our usage of useradd /
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| 293 | traditional UNIX users and groups, I advise that we take the following
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| 294 | approach to avoid any confusion:
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| 295 |
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| 296 | - Leave the added Short Descriptions for homectl and userdbctl
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| 297 | - Add the above command explanations and restore the previous behavior
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| 298 |
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| 299 | Should we decide to enable homed by default anytime in the future,
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| 300 | let's move cryptsetup to recommended or required.
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| 301 |
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| 302 | I would be open to discussing this after the next systemd version when
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| 303 | systemd-homed has matured a bit more. -renodr -->
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| 304 |
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| 305 | </sect2>
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| 306 |
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| 307 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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| 308 | <title>Configuring systemd</title>
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| 309 |
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| 310 | <para>
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| 311 | The <filename>/etc/pam.d/system-session</filename> file needs to
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| 312 | be modified and a new file needs to be created in order for
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| 313 | <command>systemd-logind</command> to work correctly. Run the following
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| 314 | commands as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 315 | </para>
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| 316 |
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| 317 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat >> /etc/pam.d/system-session << "EOF"
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| 318 | <literal># Begin Systemd addition
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| 319 |
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| 320 | session required pam_loginuid.so
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| 321 | session optional pam_systemd.so
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| 322 |
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| 323 | # End Systemd addition</literal>
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| 324 | EOF
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| 325 |
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| 326 | cat > /etc/pam.d/systemd-user << "EOF"
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| 327 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/systemd-user
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| 328 |
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| 329 | account required pam_access.so
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| 330 | account include system-account
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| 331 |
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| 332 | session required pam_env.so
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| 333 | session required pam_limits.so
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| 334 | session required pam_unix.so
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| 335 | session required pam_loginuid.so
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| 336 | session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke
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| 337 | session optional pam_systemd.so
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| 338 |
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| 339 | auth required pam_deny.so
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| 340 | password required pam_deny.so
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| 341 |
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| 342 | # End /etc/pam.d/systemd-user</literal>
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| 343 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 344 |
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| 345 | <para>
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| 346 | At this point, you should reload the systemd daemon, and reenter
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| 347 | multi-user mode with the following commands (as the
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| 348 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user). If a desktop
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| 349 | manager is installed and you wish to reenter the graphical mode,
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| 350 | replace <userinput>multi-user.target</userinput> with
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| 351 | <userinput>graphical.target</userinput>:
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| 352 | </para>
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| 353 |
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| 354 | <screen role="root"><userinput>systemctl daemon-reexec
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| 355 | systemctl start multi-user.target</userinput></screen>
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| 356 |
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| 357 | <warning>
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| 358 | <para>
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| 359 | If upgrading from a previous version of systemd and an
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| 360 | initrd is used for system boot, you should generate a new initrd before
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| 361 | rebooting the system.
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| 362 | </para>
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| 363 | </warning>
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| 364 |
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| 365 | </sect2>
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| 366 |
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| 367 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 368 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 369 |
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| 370 | <para>
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| 371 | A list of the installed files, along with their short
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| 372 | descriptions can be found at
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| 373 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter06/systemd.html#contents-systemd"/>.
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| 374 | </para>
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| 375 |
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| 376 | <para>
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| 377 | Listed below are the newly installed libraries and directories
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| 378 | along with short descriptions.
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| 379 | </para>
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| 380 |
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| 381 | <segmentedlist>
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| 382 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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| 383 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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| 384 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 385 |
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| 386 | <seglistitem>
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| 387 | <seg>
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| 388 | <!-- maybe userdbd/userdbctl can go in LFS, try at next time -->
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| 389 | homectl (if <xref linkend="cryptsetup"/> is installed)
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| 390 | and userdbctl (optionally)
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| 391 | </seg>
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| 392 | <seg>
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| 393 | pam_systemd.so
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| 394 | (in <filename class="directory">/lib/security</filename>)
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| 395 | </seg>
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| 396 | <seg>
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| 397 | None
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| 398 | </seg>
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| 399 | </seglistitem>
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| 400 | </segmentedlist>
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| 401 |
|
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| 402 | <variablelist>
|
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| 403 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
|
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| 404 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
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| 405 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
|---|
| 406 |
|
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| 407 | <varlistentry id="homectl">
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| 408 | <term><command>homectl</command></term>
|
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| 409 | <listitem>
|
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| 410 | <para>
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| 411 | is a tool to create, remove, change, or inspect a home directory
|
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| 412 | managed by <command>systemd-homed</command>; note that it's
|
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| 413 | useless for the classic UNIX users and home directories which
|
|---|
| 414 | we are using in LFS/BLFS book
|
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| 415 | </para>
|
|---|
| 416 | <indexterm zone="systemd homectl">
|
|---|
| 417 | <primary sortas="b-homectl">homectl</primary>
|
|---|
| 418 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 419 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 420 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 421 |
|
|---|
| 422 | <varlistentry id="userdbctl">
|
|---|
| 423 | <term><command>userdbctl</command></term>
|
|---|
| 424 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 425 | <para>
|
|---|
| 426 | inspect users, groups, and group memberships
|
|---|
| 427 | </para>
|
|---|
| 428 | <indexterm zone="systemd userdbctl">
|
|---|
| 429 | <primary sortas="b-userdbctl">userdbctl</primary>
|
|---|
| 430 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 431 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 432 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 433 |
|
|---|
| 434 | <varlistentry id="pam_systemd">
|
|---|
| 435 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">pam_systemd.so</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 436 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 437 | <para>
|
|---|
| 438 | is a PAM module used to register user sessions with the
|
|---|
| 439 | <application>systemd</application> login manager,
|
|---|
| 440 | <command>systemd-logind</command>.
|
|---|
| 441 | </para>
|
|---|
| 442 | <indexterm zone="systemd pam_systemd">
|
|---|
| 443 | <primary sortas="c-pam_systemd">pam_systemd.so</primary>
|
|---|
| 444 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 445 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 446 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 447 |
|
|---|
| 448 | </variablelist>
|
|---|
| 449 |
|
|---|
| 450 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 451 |
|
|---|
| 452 | </sect1>
|
|---|
