source: general/sysutils/systemd.xml@ ec0f2a5

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Last change on this file since ec0f2a5 was ec0f2a5, checked in by Xi Ruoyao <xry111@…>, 4 years ago

various docdir fix

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6
7 <!-- <!ENTITY systemd-download-http "http://anduin.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/systemd-&systemd-version;-&systemd-stable;.tar.xz"> For whenever we move to a stable snapshot for backports -->
8 <!ENTITY systemd-download-http "https://github.com/systemd/systemd/archive/v&systemd-version;/systemd-&systemd-version;.tar.gz">
9 <!ENTITY systemd-download-ftp " ">
10 <!ENTITY systemd-md5sum "a3e9efa72d0309dd26513a221cdff31b">
11 <!ENTITY systemd-size "9.1 MB">
12 <!ENTITY systemd-buildsize "256 MB (with tests)">
13 <!ENTITY systemd-time "2.4 SBU (with tests)">
14
15]>
16
17<sect1 id="systemd" xreflabel="Systemd-&systemd-version;" revision="systemd">
18 <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
19
20 <sect1info>
21 <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
22 <date>$Date$</date>
23 </sect1info>
24
25 <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
26 <!-- Whenever we switch back to stable backports, make sure to add the systemd-stable reference back. -->
27
28 <indexterm zone="systemd">
29 <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
30 </indexterm>
31
32 <sect2 role="package">
33 <title>Introduction to systemd</title>
34
35 <para>
36 While <application>systemd</application> was installed when
37 building LFS, there are many features provided by the package that
38 were not included in the initial installation because
39 <application>Linux-PAM</application> was not yet installed.
40 The <application>systemd</application> package needs to be
41 rebuilt to provide a working <command>systemd-logind</command> service,
42 which provides many additional features for dependent packages.
43 </para>
44
45 &lfs10_checked;
46
47 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
48 <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
49 <listitem>
50 <para>
51 Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&systemd-download-http;"/>
52 </para>
53 </listitem>
54 <listitem>
55 <para>
56 Download (FTP): <ulink url="&systemd-download-ftp;"/>
57 </para>
58 </listitem>
59 <listitem>
60 <para>
61 Download MD5 sum: &systemd-md5sum;
62 </para>
63 </listitem>
64 <listitem>
65 <para>
66 Download size: &systemd-size;
67 </para>
68 </listitem>
69 <listitem>
70 <para>
71 Estimated disk space required: &systemd-buildsize;
72 </para>
73 </listitem>
74 <listitem>
75 <para>
76 Estimated build time: &systemd-time;
77 </para>
78 </listitem>
79 </itemizedlist>
80
81<!-- Saving for the next time that we need a patch
82 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
83 <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
84 <listitem>
85 <para>
86 Required patch:
87 <ulink url="&patch-root;/systemd-&systemd-version;-gcc_10-fixes-2.patch"/>
88 </para>
89 </listitem>
90 </itemizedlist>
91-->
92
93 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">systemd Dependencies</bridgehead>
94
95 <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
96 <para role="required">
97 <xref linkend="linux-pam"/>
98 </para>
99
100 <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended Runtime Dependencies</bridgehead>
101 <para role="recommended">
102 <xref role="runtime" linkend="polkit"/>
103 </para>
104
105 <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
106 <para role="optional">
107 <xref linkend="btrfs-progs"/> <!-- homed may support it, see the C.E.-->
108 <xref linkend="curl"/>,
109 <xref linkend="cryptsetup"/>,
110 <xref linkend="git"/>,
111 <xref linkend="gnutls"/>,
112 <xref linkend="iptables"/>,
113 <xref linkend="libgcrypt"/>,
114 <xref linkend="libidn2"/>,
115 <xref linkend="libpwquality"/>,
116 <xref linkend="libseccomp"/>,
117 <xref linkend="libxkbcommon"/>,
118 <xref linkend="make-ca"/>,
119 <xref linkend="pcre2"/>,
120 <xref linkend="qemu"/>,
121 <xref linkend="valgrind"/>,
122 <xref linkend="zsh"/> (for the zsh completions),
123 <ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnu-efi/">gnu-efi</ulink>,
124 <ulink url="https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kexec/">kexec-tools</ulink>,
125 <ulink url="https://www.gnu.org/software/libmicrohttpd/">libmicrohttpd</ulink>,
126 <ulink url="http://lz4.github.io/lz4/">lz4</ulink>,
127 <ulink url="http://fukuchi.org/works/qrencode/">qrencode</ulink>,
128 <ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/">quota-tools</ulink> and
129 <ulink url="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Sphinx">Sphinx</ulink>
130 </para>
131
132 <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (to rebuild the manual pages)</bridgehead>
133 <para role="optional">
134 <xref linkend="DocBook"/>,
135 <xref linkend="docbook-xsl"/>,
136 <xref linkend="libxslt"/>, and
137 <xref linkend="lxml"/> (to build the index of systemd manual pages)
138 </para>
139
140 <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
141 <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/systemd"/>
142 </para>
143 </sect2>
144
145 <sect2 role="installation">
146 <title>Installation of systemd</title>
147
148<!--
149 <para>
150 Apply a patch to fix a build failure when building with GCC-10 as well as
151 a segmentation fault in systemd-udevd on some platforms:
152 </para>
153
154<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../systemd-&systemd-version;-gcc_10-fixes-2.patch</userinput></screen>
155-->
156
157 <para>
158 Remove an unneeded group,
159 <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem>, from the default udev
160 rules:
161 </para>
162
163<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/GROUP="render", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
164
165 <para>
166 Rebuild <application>systemd</application> by running the
167 following commands:
168 </para>
169
170<screen><userinput>mkdir build &amp;&amp;
171cd build &amp;&amp;
172
173meson --prefix=/usr \
174 --sysconfdir=/etc \
175 --localstatedir=/var \
176 -Dblkid=true \
177 -Dbuildtype=release \
178 -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
179 -Dfirstboot=false \
180 -Dinstall-tests=false \
181 -Dldconfig=false \
182 -Dman=auto \
183 -Drootprefix= \
184 -Drootlibdir=/lib \
185 -Dsplit-usr=true \
186 -Dsysusers=false \
187 -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
188 -Db_lto=false \
189 -Dhomed=false \
190 -Duserdb=false \
191 -Ddocdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
192 .. &amp;&amp;
193
194ninja</userinput></screen>
195<!-- Regarding homed and userdb, see the note below in Command Explanations-->
196
197 <note>
198 <para>
199 For the best test results, make sure you run the testsuite from
200 a system that is booted by the same
201 <application>systemd</application> version you are rebuilding.
202 </para>
203 </note>
204
205 <para>
206 To test the results, issue: <command>ninja test</command>. <!--One test,
207 <filename>udev-test</filename> (test 273) fails due to changes in
208 the Linux 5.3+ kernel. It does not affect the package's
209 functionality. NO LONGER APPLICABLE AS OF 244 -->
210 </para>
211
212<!--
213 <warning>
214 <para>
215 Installing the package will overwrite all files installed by
216 <application>systemd</application> in LFS. It is critical that
217 nothing uses either <application>systemd</application> or
218 <application>Udev</application> libraries during the installation.
219 The best way to ensure that these libraries are not being used is to
220 run the installation in rescue mode. To switch to rescue mode,
221 run the following command as the
222 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user (from a TTY):
223 </para>
224
225<screen role="root"><userinput>systemctl isolate rescue.target</userinput></screen>
226 </warning>
227 Nobody has reported problems with this in years. Let's comment it. -->
228
229 <para>
230 Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
231 </para>
232
233<screen role="root"><userinput>ninja install</userinput></screen>
234 <!-- No longer needed as of systemd-244.
235 <para>
236 Remove a configuration file that causes some problems with PID files:
237 </para>
238
239<screen role="root"><userinput>rm -fv /etc/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput></screen>
240 -->
241 </sect2>
242
243 <sect2 role="commands">
244 <title>Command Explanations</title>
245
246<!-- Not needed with the patch
247 <para>
248 <parameter>-Dc_args=-Wno-format-overflow</parameter>: Prevents an error
249 when building with <application>GCC 10</application>. The default is
250 <option>-Werror=format-overflow</option>,
251 which generates false positives. This switch may be used with previous
252 versions of GCC too.
253 </para>
254-->
255
256 <para>
257 <parameter>-Duserdb=false</parameter>: Removes a daemon that does not
258 offer any use under a BLFS configuration. If you wish to enable the
259 <application>userdbd</application> daemon, replace "false" with "true"
260 in the above meson command.
261 </para>
262
263 <para>
264 <parameter>-Dhomed=false</parameter>: Remove a daemon that does not offer
265 any use under a traditional BLFS configuration, especially using accounts
266 created with useradd. To enable systemd-homed, first ensure that you have
267 <xref linkend="cryptsetup"/> and <xref linkend="libpwquality"/>, and then
268 change "false" to "true" in the above meson command.
269 </para>
270
271 <!-- EDITORS NOTE: Explanation on removing userdbd and homed:
272 In BLFS, we do not fully support disk encryption. We offer instructions for
273 building 'cryptsetup' as a dependency, but we do not offer instructions for
274 actually configuring it. In addition, we generally do not include
275 functionality that could potentially conflict with other packages, or that
276 is not of any use to us (in an enterprise configuration using Thin Clients
277 or laptops with LUKS encryption, it could make sense though, but that isn't
278 the configuration that we natively support).
279
280 A few of the complications of systemd-homed include:
281 - SSH Logins
282 - Disk Space Assignments
283 - UID Assignments (chown() on login)
284 (See https://cfp.all-systems-go.io/media/homed-asg2019.pdf)
285
286 In an article I read when systemd-homed was originally unveiled, I remember
287 reading about systemd-homed causing problems with OpenSSH Private Key Auth
288 because the user would have to login at the console in order to unlock
289 their home directory, thus allowing the private key to be unlocked and
290 processed by OpenSSH. Since BLFS does not fully support encrypted disks,
291 and because systemd-homed is incompatible with our usage of useradd /
292 traditional UNIX users and groups, I advise that we take the following
293 approach to avoid any confusion:
294
295 - Leave the added Short Descriptions for homectl and userdbctl
296 - Add the above command explanations and restore the previous behavior
297
298 Should we decide to enable homed by default anytime in the future,
299 let's move cryptsetup to recommended or required.
300
301 I would be open to discussing this after the next systemd version when
302 systemd-homed has matured a bit more. -renodr -->
303
304 </sect2>
305
306 <sect2 role="configuration">
307 <title>Configuring systemd</title>
308
309 <para>
310 The <filename>/etc/pam.d/system-session</filename> file needs to
311 be modified and a new file needs to be created in order for
312 <command>systemd-logind</command> to work correctly. Run the following
313 commands as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
314 </para>
315
316<screen role="root"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/pam.d/system-session &lt;&lt; "EOF"
317<literal># Begin Systemd addition
318
319session required pam_loginuid.so
320session optional pam_systemd.so
321
322# End Systemd addition</literal>
323EOF
324
325cat &gt; /etc/pam.d/systemd-user &lt;&lt; "EOF"
326<literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/systemd-user
327
328account required pam_access.so
329account include system-account
330
331session required pam_env.so
332session required pam_limits.so
333session required pam_unix.so
334session required pam_loginuid.so
335session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke
336session optional pam_systemd.so
337
338auth required pam_deny.so
339password required pam_deny.so
340
341# End /etc/pam.d/systemd-user</literal>
342EOF</userinput></screen>
343
344<!--
345 <para>
346 At this point, you should reload the systemd daemon, and reenter
347 multi-user mode with the following commands (as the
348 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user). If a desktop
349 manager is installed and you wish to reenter the graphical mode,
350 replace <userinput>multi-user.target</userinput> with
351 <userinput>graphical.target</userinput>:
352 </para>
353
354<screen role="root"><userinput>systemctl daemon-reexec
355systemctl start multi-user.target</userinput></screen>-->
356
357 <warning>
358 <para>
359 If upgrading from a previous version of systemd and an
360 initrd is used for system boot, you should generate a new initrd before
361 rebooting the system.
362 </para>
363 </warning>
364
365 </sect2>
366
367 <sect2 role="content">
368 <title>Contents</title>
369
370 <para>
371 A list of the installed files, along with their short
372 descriptions can be found at
373 <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter06/systemd.html#contents-systemd"/>.
374 </para>
375
376 <para>
377 Listed below are the newly installed libraries and directories
378 along with short descriptions.
379 </para>
380
381 <segmentedlist>
382 <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
383 <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
384 <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
385
386 <seglistitem>
387 <seg>
388 <!-- maybe userdbd/userdbctl can go in LFS, try at next time -->
389 homectl (if <xref linkend="cryptsetup"/> is installed)
390 and userdbctl (optionally)
391 </seg>
392 <seg>
393 pam_systemd.so
394 (in <filename class="directory">/lib/security</filename>)
395 </seg>
396 <seg>
397 None
398 </seg>
399 </seglistitem>
400 </segmentedlist>
401
402 <variablelist>
403 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
404 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
405 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
406
407 <varlistentry id="homectl">
408 <term><command>homectl</command></term>
409 <listitem>
410 <para>
411 is a tool to create, remove, change, or inspect a home directory
412 managed by <command>systemd-homed</command>; note that it's
413 useless for the classic UNIX users and home directories which
414 we are using in LFS/BLFS book
415 </para>
416 <indexterm zone="systemd homectl">
417 <primary sortas="b-homectl">homectl</primary>
418 </indexterm>
419 </listitem>
420 </varlistentry>
421
422 <varlistentry id="userdbctl">
423 <term><command>userdbctl</command></term>
424 <listitem>
425 <para>
426 inspects users, groups, and group memberships
427 </para>
428 <indexterm zone="systemd userdbctl">
429 <primary sortas="b-userdbctl">userdbctl</primary>
430 </indexterm>
431 </listitem>
432 </varlistentry>
433
434 <varlistentry id="pam_systemd">
435 <term><filename class="libraryfile">pam_systemd.so</filename></term>
436 <listitem>
437 <para>
438 is a PAM module used to register user sessions with the
439 <application>systemd</application> login manager,
440 <command>systemd-logind</command>.
441 </para>
442 <indexterm zone="systemd pam_systemd">
443 <primary sortas="c-pam_systemd">pam_systemd.so</primary>
444 </indexterm>
445 </listitem>
446 </varlistentry>
447
448 </variablelist>
449
450 </sect2>
451
452</sect1>
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