1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="beyond" xreflabel="Going Beyond BLFS">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="beyond.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <sect1info>
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12 | <date>$Date$</date>
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13 | </sect1info>
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14 |
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15 | <title>Going Beyond BLFS</title>
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16 |
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17 | <para>The packages that are installed in this book are only the tip of the
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18 | iceberg. We hope that the experience you gained with the LFS book and
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19 | the BLFS book will give you the background needed to compile, install
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20 | and configure packages that are not included in this book.</para>
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21 |
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22 | <para>When you want to install a package to a location other than
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23 | <filename class='directory'>/</filename>, or
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24 | <filename class='directory'>/usr</filename>, you are installing
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25 | outside the default environment settings on most machines. The following
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26 | examples should assist you in determining how to correct this situation.
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27 | The examples cover the complete range of settings that may need
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28 | updating, but they are not all needed in every situation.</para>
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29 |
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30 | <itemizedlist>
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31 | <listitem>
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32 | <para>Expand the <envar>PATH</envar> to include
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33 | <filename class='directory'>$PREFIX/bin</filename>.</para>
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34 | </listitem>
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35 | <listitem>
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36 | <para>Expand the <envar>PATH</envar> for
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37 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to include
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38 | <filename class='directory'>$PREFIX/sbin</filename>.</para>
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39 | </listitem>
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40 | <listitem>
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41 | <para>Add <filename class='directory'>$PREFIX/lib</filename>
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42 | to <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> or expand
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43 | <envar>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</envar> to include it. Before using the latter
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44 | option, check out <ulink
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45 | url="http://xahlee.org/UnixResource_dir/_/ldpath.html"/>.
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46 | If you modify <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>, remember to update
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47 | <filename>/etc/ld.so.cache</filename> by executing
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48 | <command>ldconfig</command> as the
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49 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user.</para>
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50 | </listitem>
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51 | <listitem>
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52 | <para>Add <filename class='directory'>$PREFIX/man</filename>
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53 | to <filename>/etc/man_db.conf</filename> or expand
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54 | <envar>MANPATH</envar>.</para>
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55 | </listitem>
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56 | <listitem>
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57 | <para>Add <filename class='directory'>$PREFIX/info</filename>
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58 | to <envar>INFOPATH</envar>.</para>
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59 | </listitem>
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60 | <listitem>
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61 | <para>Add <filename class='directory'>$PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig</filename>
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62 | to <envar>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</envar>. Some packages are now installing
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63 | <filename class='extension'>.pc</filename> files in
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64 | <filename class='directory'>$PREFIX/share/pkgconfig</filename>, so you may
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65 | have to include this directory also.</para>
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66 | </listitem>
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67 | <listitem>
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68 | <para>Add <filename class='directory'>$PREFIX/include</filename> to
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69 | <envar>CPPFLAGS</envar> when compiling packages that depend on
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70 | the package you installed.</para>
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71 | </listitem>
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72 | <listitem>
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73 | <para>Add <filename class='directory'>$PREFIX/lib</filename> to
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74 | <envar>LDFLAGS</envar> when compiling packages that depend on a library
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75 | installed by the package.</para>
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76 | </listitem>
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77 | </itemizedlist>
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78 |
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79 | <para>If you are in search of a package that is not in the book, the following
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80 | are different ways you can search for the desired package.</para>
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81 |
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82 | <itemizedlist>
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83 | <listitem>
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84 | <para>If you know the name of the package, then search Freecode for
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85 | it at <ulink url="http://freecode.com/"/>. Also search Google at
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86 | <ulink url="http://google.com/"/>. Sometimes a search for the
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87 | <filename class='extension'>rpm</filename> at
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88 | <ulink url="http://rpmfind.net/"/> or the
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89 | <filename class='extension'>deb</filename> at
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90 | <ulink url="http://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_packages"/> can
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91 | also lead to a link to the package.</para>
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92 | </listitem>
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93 | <listitem>
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94 | <para>If you know the name of the executable, but not the package
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95 | that the executable belongs to, first try a Google search with the name
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96 | of the executable. If the results are overwhelming, try searching for the
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97 | given executable in the Debian repository at <ulink
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98 | url="http://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_contents"/>.</para>
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99 | </listitem>
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100 | </itemizedlist>
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101 |
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102 | <para>Some general hints on handling new packages:</para>
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103 |
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104 | <itemizedlist>
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105 | <listitem>
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106 | <para>Many of the newer packages follow the <command>./configure
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107 | && make && make install</command> process.
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108 | Help on the options accepted by configure can be obtained via the
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109 | command <command>./configure --help</command>.</para>
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110 | </listitem>
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111 | <listitem>
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112 | <para>Most of the packages contain documentation on compiling and
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113 | installing the package. Some of the documents are excellent, some not so
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114 | excellent. Check out the homepage of the package for any additional and
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115 | updated hints for compiling and configuring the package.</para>
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116 | </listitem>
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117 | <listitem>
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118 | <para>If you are having a problem compiling the package, try
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119 | searching the LFS archives at
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120 | <ulink url="https://www.&lfs-domainname;/search.html"/> for the error or if
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121 | that fails, try searching Google. Often, a distribution will have already
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122 | solved the problem (many of them use development versions of packages, so
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123 | they see the changes sooner than those of us who normally use stable released
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124 | versions). But be cautious - all builders tend to carry patches which are no
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125 | longer necessary, and to have fixes which are only required because of their
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126 | particular choices in how they build a package. You may have to search
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127 | deeply to find a fix for the package version you are trying to use, or even
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128 | to find the package (names are sometimes not what you might expect, e.g.
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129 | <application>ghostscript</application> often has a prefix or a suffix in its
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130 | name), but the following notes might help, particularly for those who, like
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131 | the editors, are trying to build the latest versions and encountering
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132 | problems:</para>
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133 | <itemizedlist>
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134 | <listitem>
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135 | <para>Arch <ulink url="http://www.archlinux.org/packages/"/> - enter
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136 | the package name in the 'Keywords' box, select the package name,
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137 | select the 'Source Files' field, and then select the
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138 | <filename>PKGBUILD</filename> entry to see how they build this
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139 | package.</para>
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140 | </listitem>
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141 | <listitem>
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142 | <para>Debian
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143 | <!-- 2020-11-11 : ftp hangs trying to connect, presumably removed.
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144 | Use http because firefox says the certificate at this gb site is
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145 | not valid for ftp.uk.debian.org -->
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146 | <ulink url="http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/pool"/> (use your country's
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147 | version if there is one) - the source will be in .tar.gz tarballs (either
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148 | the original upstream <filename class='extension'>.orig</filename> source,
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149 | or else a <filename>dfsg</filename> containing those parts which comply
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150 | with debian's free software guidelines) accompanied by versioned .diff.gz
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151 | or .tar.gz additions. These additions often show how the package is built,
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152 | and may contain patches. In the .diff.gz versions, any patches create files
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153 | in <filename class="directory">debian/patches</filename>.</para>
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154 | </listitem>
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155 | <listitem>
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156 | <para>Fedora package source gets reorganized from time to time.
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157 | At the moment the package source for rpms is at <ulink
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158 | url="https://src.fedoraproject.org/projects/rpms/%2A"/> and from there
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159 | you can try putting a package name in the search box. If the package is
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160 | found you can look at the files (specfile to control the build, various
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161 | patches) or the commits. If that fails, you can download
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162 | an srpm (source rpm) and using <application>rpm2cpio</application> (see
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163 | the Tip at the bottom of the page). For rpms go to <ulink
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164 | url="https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/"/> and then choose
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165 | which repo you wish to look at - development/rawhide is the latest
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166 | development, or choose releases for what was shipped in a release,
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167 | updates for updates to a release, or updates/testing for the latest
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168 | updates which might work or might have problems.
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169 | </para>
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170 | </listitem>
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171 | <listitem>
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172 | <para>Gentoo - the mirrors for ebuilds and patches seem to be well-hidden,
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173 | and they change frequently. Also, if you have found a mirror, you need to
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174 | know which directory the application has been assigned to. The ebuilds
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175 | themselves can be found at <ulink url="http://packages.gentoo.org/"/> -
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176 | use the search field. If there are any patches, a mirror will have them
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177 | in the <filename class="directory">files/</filename> directory. Depending
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178 | on your browser, or the mirror, you might need to download the ebuild to
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179 | be able to read it. Treat the ebuild as a sort of pseudo-code / shell
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180 | combination - look in particular for <command>sed</command> commands and
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181 | patches, or hazard a guess at the meanings of the functions such as
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182 | <command>dodoc</command>.</para>
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183 | </listitem>
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184 | <listitem>
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185 | <para>openSUSE provide a rolling release, some package versions are in
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186 | <ulink url="http://download.opensuse.org/source/tumbleweed/repo/oss/src/"/>
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187 | but others are in ../update/openSUSE-current/src - the
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188 | source only seems to be available in source rpms.</para>
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189 | </listitem>
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190 | <listitem>
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191 | <para>Slackware - the official package browser is currently broken. The
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192 | site at <ulink url="http://slackbuilds.org/"/> has current and previous
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193 | versions in their unofficial repository with links to homepages, downloads,
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194 | and some individual files, particularly the <filename>.SlackBuild</filename>
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195 | files.</para>
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196 | </listitem>
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197 | <listitem>
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198 | <para>Ubuntu <ulink url="ftp://ftp.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/"/> - see the
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199 | debian notes above.</para>
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200 | </listitem>
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201 | </itemizedlist>
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202 | <para>If everything else fails, try the blfs-support mailing-list.</para>
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203 | </listitem>
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204 | </itemizedlist>
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205 |
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206 | <tip>
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207 | <para>If you have found a package that is only available in
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208 | <filename class='extension'>.deb</filename> or
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209 | <filename class='extension'>.rpm</filename>
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210 | format, there are two small scripts, <command>rpm2targz</command> and
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211 | <command>deb2targz</command> that are available at
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212 | <ulink url="&sources-anduin-http;/extras/deb2targz.tar.bz2"/> and
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213 | <ulink url="&sources-anduin-http;/extras/rpm2targz.tar.bz2"/> to convert the archives
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214 | into a simple <filename>tar.gz</filename> format.</para>
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215 | <para>You may also find an rpm2cpio script useful. The Perl version in the
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216 | linux kernel archives at <ulink
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217 | url="http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0210.2/att-0093/01-rpm2cpio"/>
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218 | works for most source rpms. The rpm2targz script will use an rpm2cpio script
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219 | or binary if one is on your path. Note that rpm2cpio will unpack a source
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220 | rpm in the current directory, giving a tarball, a spec file, and perhaps patches
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221 | or other files.</para>
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222 | </tip>
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223 |
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224 | </sect1>
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