source: networking/netprogs/nfs-utils.xml@ 995d8944

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
  %general-entities;

  <!ENTITY nfs-utils-root "&kernel-dl;/linux/utils/nfs-utils" >
  <!ENTITY nfs-utils-download-http "&nfs-utils-root;/&nfs-utils-version;/nfs-utils-&nfs-utils-version;.tar.xz">
  <!ENTITY nfs-utils-download-ftp  " ">
  <!ENTITY nfs-utils-md5sum        "907f95977ccf7a522ee32af1534f0e4c">
  <!ENTITY nfs-utils-size          "712 KB">
  <!ENTITY nfs-utils-buildsize     "18 MB (with tests)">
  <!ENTITY nfs-utils-time          "0.2 SBU (with tests)">
]>

<sect1 id="nfs-utils" xreflabel="nfs-utils-&nfs-utils-version;">
  <?dbhtml filename="nfs-utils.html"?>


  <title>NFS-Utils-&nfs-utils-version;</title>

  <indexterm zone="nfs-utils">
    <primary sortas="a-Nfs-utils">NFS Utilities</primary>
  </indexterm>

  <sect2 role="package">
    <title>Introduction to NFS Utilities</title>

    <para>
      The <application>NFS Utilities</application> package contains the
      userspace server and client tools necessary to use the kernel's NFS
      abilities. NFS is a protocol that allows sharing file systems over the
      network.
    </para>

    &lfs121_checked;

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
    <itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&nfs-utils-download-http;"/>
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Download (FTP): <ulink url="&nfs-utils-download-ftp;"/>
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Download MD5 sum: &nfs-utils-md5sum;
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Download size: &nfs-utils-size;
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Estimated disk space required: &nfs-utils-buildsize;
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Estimated build time: &nfs-utils-time;
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">NFS Utilities Dependencies</bridgehead>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
    <para role="required">
      <xref linkend="libtirpc"/>,
      <xref linkend="libevent"/>,
      <xref linkend="rpcsvc-proto"/>, and
      <xref linkend="sqlite"/>
    </para>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
    <para role="optional">
      <xref linkend="cyrus-sasl"/> (for SASL authentication),
      <xref linkend="lvm2"/> (libdevmapper for NFSv4 support),
      <!--<xref linkend="libnfsidmap"/> (for NFSv4 support),
      This is now built in, as of 2.2.1-->
      <xref linkend="libnsl"/> (for NIS client support),
      <xref linkend="openldap"/> (for LDAP authentication),
      <xref linkend="mitkrb"/> or
      <ulink url="http://www.citi.umich.edu/projects/nfsv4/linux/">
        libgssapi
      </ulink>, and
      <ulink url="http://www.citi.umich.edu/projects/nfsv4/linux/">
        librpcsecgss
      </ulink> (for GSS and RPC security support), and
      <xref linkend="libcap-pam"/>
    </para>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required (runtime)</bridgehead>
    <para role="required">
      <xref role="runtime" linkend="rpcbind"/>
    </para>

<!-- NSS configuration isn't directly related to NFS, but left here in case
    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (runtime for NIS clients)</bridgehead>
    <para role="optional">
    <ulink url="https://github.com/thkukuk/libnss_compat">libnss_compat</ulink>,
    <ulink url="https://github.com/thkukuk/libnss_nis">libnss_nis</ulink>, and
    <ulink url="https://github.com/thkukuk/libnss_nisplus">libnss_nisplus</ulink>
    </para>
-->

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="kernel" id='nfs-utils-kernel'>
    <title>Kernel Configuration</title>

    <para>
      Enable the following options in the kernel configuration
      (choose client and/or server support as appropriate) and recompile the
      kernel if necessary:
    </para>

    <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
      href="nfs-utils-kernel.xml"/>

    <para>
      Select the appropriate sub-options that appear when the above options
      are selected.
    </para>

    <note>
      <para>
        In BLFS we assume that nfs v3 will be used. If the
        <emphasis>server</emphasis> offers nfs v4 (for linux, CONFIG_NFSD_V4)
        then auto-negotiation for v3 will fail and you will need to add
        <literal>nfsver=3</literal> to the mount options. This also applies
        if that option is enabled in the <emphasis>client's</emphasis> kernel,
        for example in a distro trying to mount from a BLFS v3 server.
      </para>
      <para>
        Even if neither end of the connection supports nfs v4, adding
        <literal>nfsver=3</literal> is still beneficial because it prevents an
        error message "NFS: bad mount option value specified: minorversion=1"
        being logged on every mount.
      </para>
    </note>

    <indexterm zone="nfs-utils nfs-utils-kernel">
      <primary sortas="d-nfs-utils">NFS Utilities</primary>
    </indexterm>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="installation" id='nfs-utils-install'
         xreflabel='NFS Utilities Installation'>
    <title>Installation of NFS Utilities</title>
<!--
    <para>
      Before you compile the program, ensure that the <systemitem
      class="username">nobody</systemitem> user and <systemitem
      class="groupname">nogroup</systemitem> group have been created as done in
      the current LFS book.  You can add them by running the following commands
      as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
    </para>

<screen role="nodump"><userinput>groupadd -g 99 nogroup &amp;&amp;
useradd -c "Unprivileged Nobody" -d /dev/null -g nogroup \
    -s /bin/false -u 99 nobody</userinput></screen>

    <note>
      <para>
        The classic uid and gid values are 65534 which is also -2 when
        interpreted as a signed 16-bit number.  These values impact other files
        on some filesystems that do not have support for sparse files.  The
        <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> and <systemitem
        class="groupname">nogroup</systemitem> values are relatively arbitrary.
        The impact on a server is nil if the <filename>exports</filename> file
        is configured correctly. If it is misconfigured, an
        <command>ls -l</command> or <command>ps</command> listing will show a
        uid or gid number of 65534 instead of a name. The client uses
        <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> only as the user
        running <command>rpc.statd</command>.
      </para>
    </note>
-->
    <para>
      Install <application>NFS Utilities</application> by running
      the following commands:
    </para>

<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr          \
            --sysconfdir=/etc      \
            --sbindir=/usr/sbin    \
            --disable-nfsv4        \
            --disable-gss          \
            LIBS="-lsqlite3 -levent_core" &amp;&amp;
make</userinput></screen>

    <!-- Test breakage: see
    http://lists.linuxfromscratch.org/pipermail/blfs-book/2017-December/071861.html
    <para>
      This package does not come with a working test suite.
    </para>
    -->

    <para>
      Now, as the &root; user:
    </para>

<!-- dev note: make statduser=$(whoami) DESTDIR=<DESTDIR> install -->

<screen role='root'><userinput>make install                       &amp;&amp;
chmod u+w,go+r /usr/sbin/mount.nfs &amp;&amp;
chown nobody:nogroup /var/lib/nfs</userinput></screen>

    <para>
      The tests for this package require that the package be installed.
      In addition, the rpc.statd daemon must not be running and the tests
      need to be run as the &root; user.
    </para>

    <para>
      To test the results, issue, as &root;:
    </para>

<screen role="root" remap="test"><userinput>make check</userinput></screen>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="commands">
    <title>Command Explanations</title>
<!--
    <para>
      <command>sed ... support/nsm/rpc.c</command>: This sed it required
      to fix a build issue with glibc-2.26 and later.
    </para>

    <para>
      <parameter>- -disable-nfsv4</parameter>: This allows the package to be
      built when libnfsidmap has not been installed.
    </para>
    nfs-utils now carries libnfsidmap
-->
    <para>
      <parameter>--disable-gss</parameter>: Disables support for
      RPCSEC GSS (RPC Security).
    </para>

    <para>
      <parameter>LIBS="-lsqlite3 -levent_core"</parameter>: is required for
      the fsidd program.
    </para>

    <para>
      <command>chown nobody:nogroup /var/lib/nfs</command>: The
      rpc.statd program uses the ownership of this directory to set
      it's UID and GID.  This command sets those to unprivileged entries.
    </para>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="configuration">
    <title>Configuring NFS Utilities</title>

    <sect3 id='nfs-utils-server-config'>
      <title>Server Configuration</title>

      <para>
        <filename>/etc/exports</filename> contains the exported directories
        on NFS servers. Refer to the <filename>exports.5</filename> manual page
        for the syntax of this file. Also refer to the "NFS HowTo" available at
        <ulink url="https://nfs.sourceforge.net/nfs-howto/"/> for information on
        how to configure the servers and clients in a secure manner. For
        example, for sharing the <filename class="directory">/home</filename>
        directory over the local network, the following line may be added:
      </para>

<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/exports &lt;&lt; EOF
<replaceable>/home 192.168.0.0/24</replaceable>(rw,subtree_check,anonuid=99,anongid=99)
EOF</userinput></screen>

      <note>
        <para>
          Be sure to replace the directory, network address. and prefix above
          to match your network.  The only space in the line above should be
          between the directory and the network address.
        </para>
      </note>

      <indexterm zone="nfs-utils nfs-utils-server-config">
        <primary sortas="e-etc-exportfs">/etc/exportfs</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <sect4 id="nfs-utils-server-init">
        <title><phrase revision="sysv">Boot Script</phrase>
               <phrase revision="systemd">Systemd Units</phrase></title>

        <para>
          Install the
          <phrase revision="sysv">
            <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs-server</filename>
            init script
          </phrase>
          <phrase revision="systemd">NFSv4 server units</phrase>
          included in the <xref linkend="bootscripts" revision="sysv"/>
          <xref linkend="systemd-units" revision="systemd"/> package
          to start the server at boot.
        </para>

<screen role="root" revision="systemd"><userinput>make install-nfsv4-server</userinput></screen>

        <para revision="systemd">
          If you have disabled NFSv4 support, run the following command as the
          <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user to omit the NFSv4
          specific systemd units:
        </para>

<!-- both -->
<screen role="root"><userinput>make install-nfs-server</userinput></screen>

        <indexterm zone="nfs-utils nfs-utils-server-init" revision="sysv">
          <primary sortas="f-nfs-server">nfs-server</primary>
        </indexterm>

        <para revision="sysv">
          Now create the
          <filename>/etc/sysconfig/nfs-server</filename> configuration file:
        </para>

<screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/nfs-server &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>PORT="2049"
PROCESSES="8"
KILLDELAY="10"</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>

        <note revision="sysv">
          <para>
            The above parameters may be optionally placed in
            <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename>.
          </para>
        </note>

        <indexterm zone="nfs-utils nfs-utils-server-init" revision="sysv">
          <primary
          sortas="e-etc-sysconfig-nfs-server">/etc/sysconfig/nfs-server</primary>
        </indexterm>

        <para revision="systemd">
          You can edit the <filename>/etc/default/nfs-utils</filename>
          file to change the startup options for NFS daemons. Defaults
          should be fine for most use cases.
        </para>

        <indexterm zone="nfs-utils nfs-utils-server-init" revision="systemd">
          <primary sortas="e-etc-default-nfs-utils">/etc/default/nfs-utils</primary>
        </indexterm>

      </sect4>

    </sect3>

    <sect3 id='nfs-utils-client-config'>
      <title>Client Configuration</title>

      <para>
        <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> contains the directories that
        are to be mounted on the client. Alternately the partitions can be
        mounted by using the <command>mount</command> command with the proper
        options. To mount the <filename class="directory">/home</filename>
        and <filename class="directory">/usr</filename> partitions, add the
        following to the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>:
      </para>

<screen role="nodump"><userinput><replaceable>&lt;server-name&gt;</replaceable>:/home  /home nfs   rw,_netdev 0 0
<replaceable>&lt;server-name&gt;</replaceable>:/usr   /usr  nfs   ro,_netdev 0 0</userinput></screen>

      <para>
        The options which can be used are specified in <command>man 5 nfs
        </command>. If both the client and server are running recent versions
        of linux, most of the options will be negotiated (but see the Note
        above on nfsver=3). You can specify either <literal>rw</literal> or
        <literal>ro</literal>, <literal>_netdev</literal> if the filesystem is
        to be automatically mounted at boot, or <literal>noauto</literal> (and
        perhaps <literal>user</literal>) for other filesystems.
      </para>

      <para>
        If the fileserver is not running a recent version of linux, you may
        need to specify other options.
      </para>

      <para revision="systemd">
        You may need to enable autofs v4 in your kernel, and add the option
        <literal>comment=systemd.automount</literal>. Some machines may need
        this because systemd tries to mount the external filesystems before
        the network is up. An alternative is to run <command>mount -a</command>
        as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user after the
        system has started.
      </para>

      <indexterm zone="nfs-utils nfs-utils-client-config">
        <primary sortas="e-etc-fstab">/etc/fstab</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <sect4  id="nfs-utils-client-init">
        <title><phrase revision="sysv">Boot Script</phrase>
               <phrase revision="systemd">Systemd Units</phrase></title>

        <note>
          <para>
            The following <phrase revision="sysv">boot script is</phrase>
            <phrase revision="systemd">systemd units are</phrase> not required
            if the nfs-server <phrase revision="sysv">script is</phrase>
            <phrase revision="systemd">units are</phrase> installed.
          </para>
        </note>

        <para>
          Install the
          <phrase revision="sysv">
            <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs-client</filename> init script
          </phrase>
          <phrase revision="systemd">units</phrase> included in the
          <xref linkend="bootscripts" revision="sysv"/>
          <xref linkend="systemd-units" revision="systemd"/> package to start
          the client services at boot.
        </para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>make install-nfs-client</userinput></screen>

        <indexterm zone="nfs-utils nfs-utils-client-config">
          <primary sortas="f-nfs-client">nfs-client</primary>
        </indexterm>

        <para revision="sysv">
          To automatically mount <systemitem class="filesystem">nfs
          </systemitem> filesystems, clients will also need to install the
          <filename>netfs</filename> bootscript as described in <xref
          linkend="postlfs-config-netfs"/>.
        </para>

        <indexterm zone="nfs-utils nfs-utils-client-config" revision="sysv">
          <primary sortas="f-netfs">netfs</primary>
        </indexterm>

      </sect4>

    </sect3>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="content">
    <title>Contents</title>
    <segmentedlist>
      <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>

      <seglistitem>
        <seg>exportfs, fsidd, mountstats, mount.nfs, mount.nfs4 (link to mount.nfs),
        nfsconf, nfsdclnts, nfsiostat, nfsstat, rpc.mountd, rpc.nfsd, rpc.statd,
        rpcdebug, showmount, sm-notify, start-statd,
        umount.nfs (link to mount.nfs), and umount.nfs4 (link to mount.nfs)</seg>
        <seg>None</seg>
        <seg>/var/lib/nfs</seg>
      </seglistitem>
    </segmentedlist>

    <variablelist>
      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>

      <varlistentry id="exportfs">
        <term><command>exportfs</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            maintains a list of NFS exported file systems
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="nfs-utils exportfs">
            <primary sortas="b-exportfs">exportfs</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="fsidd">
        <term><command>fsidd</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            offers a local UNIX domain socket interface
            for all NFS userspace to query the reexport database
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="nfs-utils fsidd">
            <primary sortas="b-fsidd">fsidd</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="mountstats">
        <term><command>mountstats</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            displays NFS client per-mount statistics
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="nfs-utils mountstats">
            <primary sortas="b-mountstats">mountstats</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="mount.nfs">
        <term><command>mount.nfs</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is used to mount a network share using NFS
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="nfs-utils mount.nfs">
            <primary sortas="b-mount.nfs">mount.nfs</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="mount.nfs4">
        <term><command>mount.nfs4</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is used to mount a network share using NFSv4
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="nfs-utils mount.nfs4">
            <primary sortas="b-mount.nfs4">mount.nfs4</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="nfsconf">
        <term><command>nfsconf</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            can be used to test for and retrieve configuration settings from
            a range of nfs-utils configuration files
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="nfs-utils nfsconf">
            <primary sortas="b-nfsconf">nfsconf</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="nfsdclnts">
        <term><command>nfsdclnts</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            prints information about NFS clients
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="nfs-utils nfsdclnts">
            <primary sortas="b-nfsdclnts">nfsdclnts</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="nfsiostat-nfs-utils">
        <term><command>nfsiostat</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            reports input/output statistics for network filesystems
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="nfs-utils nfsiostat-nfs-utils">
            <primary sortas="b-nfsiostat-nfs-utils">nfsiostat</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="nfsstat">
        <term><command>nfsstat</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            displays statistics kept about NFS client and server activity
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="nfs-utils nfsstat">
            <primary sortas="b-nfsstat">nfsstat</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

<!--  osd_login seems to no longer exist.
      <varlistentry id="osd_login">
        <term><command>osd_login</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is a script that is a part of the autologin feature
            mandated by the pnfs-objects standard.
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="nfs-utils osd_login">
            <primary sortas="b-osd_login">osd_login</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry> -->


      <varlistentry id="rpc.mountd">
        <term><command>rpc.mountd</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            implements the NFS mount protocol on an NFS server
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="nfs-utils rpc.mountd">
            <primary sortas="b-rpc.mountd">rpc.mountd</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="rpc.nfsd">
        <term><command>rpc.nfsd</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            implements the user level part of the NFS
            service on the server
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="nfs-utils rpc.nfsd">
            <primary sortas="b-rpc.nfsd">rpc.nfsd</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="rpc.statd">
        <term><command>rpc.statd</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is used by the NFS file locking service. Run on both sides,
            client as well as server, when you want file locking enabled
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="nfs-utils rpc.statd">
            <primary sortas="b-rpc.statd">rpc.statd</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="rpcdebug">
        <term><command>rpcdebug</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            sets or clears the kernel's NFS client and server debug flags
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="nfs-utils rpcdebug">
            <primary sortas="b-rpcdebug">rpcdebug</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="showmount">
        <term><command>showmount</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            displays mount information for an NFS server
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="nfs-utils showmount">
            <primary sortas="b-showmount">showmount</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="sm-notify">
        <term><command>sm-notify</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is used to send Network Status Monitor reboot messages
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="nfs-utils sm-notify">
            <primary sortas="b-sm-notify">sm-notify</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="start-statd">
        <term><command>start-statd</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is a script called by nfsmount when mounting a filesystem with
            locking enabled, if statd does not appear to be running. It can be
            customised with whatever flags are appropriate for the site
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="nfs-utils start-statd">
            <primary sortas="b-start-statd">start-statd</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="umount.nfs">
        <term><command>umount.nfs</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is used to unmount a network share using NFS
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="nfs-utils umount.nfs">
            <primary sortas="b-umount.nfs">umount.nfs</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="umount.nfs4">
        <term><command>umount.nfs4</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is used to unmount a network share using NFSv4
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="nfs-utils umount.nfs4">
            <primary sortas="b-umount.nfs4">umount.nfs4</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

  </sect2>

</sect1>