1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 |
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7 | <!ENTITY wpa_supplicant-download-http
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8 | "https://w1.fi/releases/wpa_supplicant-&wpa_supplicant-version;.tar.gz">
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9 | <!ENTITY wpa_supplicant-download-ftp " ">
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10 | <!ENTITY wpa_supplicant-md5sum "72a4a00eddb7a499a58113c3361ab094">
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11 | <!ENTITY wpa_supplicant-size "3.7 MB">
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12 | <!ENTITY wpa_supplicant-buildsize "35 MB">
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13 | <!ENTITY wpa_supplicant-time "0.3 SBU">
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14 | ]>
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15 |
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16 | <sect1 id="wpa_supplicant" xreflabel="wpa_supplicant-&wpa_supplicant-version;">
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17 | <?dbhtml filename="wpa_supplicant.html"?>
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18 |
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19 |
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20 | <title>wpa_supplicant-&wpa_supplicant-version;</title>
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21 |
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22 | <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant">
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23 | <primary sortas="a-wpa_supplicant">wpa_supplicant</primary>
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24 | </indexterm>
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25 |
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26 | <sect2 role="package">
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27 | <title>Introduction to WPA Supplicant</title>
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28 |
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29 | <para>
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30 | <application>WPA Supplicant</application> is a Wi-Fi Protected Access
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31 | (WPA) client and IEEE 802.1X supplicant. It implements WPA key negotiation
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32 | with a WPA Authenticator and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
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33 | authentication with an Authentication Server. In addition, it controls the
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34 | roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication/association of the wireless LAN
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35 | driver. This is useful for connecting to a password protected wireless
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36 | access point.
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37 | </para>
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38 |
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39 | &lfs122_checked;
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40 |
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41 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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42 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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43 | <listitem>
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44 | <para>
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45 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&wpa_supplicant-download-http;"/>
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46 | </para>
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47 | </listitem>
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48 | <listitem>
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49 | <para>
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50 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&wpa_supplicant-download-ftp;"/>
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51 | </para>
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52 | </listitem>
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53 | <listitem>
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54 | <para>
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55 | Download MD5 sum: &wpa_supplicant-md5sum;
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56 | </para>
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57 | </listitem>
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58 | <listitem>
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59 | <para>
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60 | Download size: &wpa_supplicant-size;
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61 | </para>
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62 | </listitem>
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63 | <listitem>
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64 | <para>
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65 | Estimated disk space required: &wpa_supplicant-buildsize;
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66 | </para>
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67 | </listitem>
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68 | <listitem>
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69 | <para>
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70 | Estimated build time: &wpa_supplicant-time;
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71 | </para>
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72 | </listitem>
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73 | </itemizedlist>
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74 | <!--
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75 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
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76 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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77 | <listitem>
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78 | <para>
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79 | Required patch:
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80 | <ulink url="&patch-root;/wpa_supplicant-&wpa_supplicant-version;-security_fix-1.patch"/>
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81 | </para>
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82 | </listitem>
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83 | </itemizedlist>
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84 | -->
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85 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">WPA Supplicant Dependencies</bridgehead>
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86 |
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87 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required (Runtime)</bridgehead>
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88 | <para role="nodump">
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89 | <xref linkend="wireless-kernel"/>
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90 | </para>
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91 |
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92 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
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93 | <para role="recommended">
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94 | <xref linkend="desktop-file-utils"/> (for running
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95 | <command>update-desktop-database</command>) and
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96 | <xref linkend="libnl"/>
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97 | </para>
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98 |
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99 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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100 | <para role="optional">
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101 | <phrase revision="sysv"><xref linkend="dbus"/> and</phrase>
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102 | <xref linkend="libxml2"/>
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103 | </para>
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104 |
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105 |
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106 | </sect2>
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107 |
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108 | <sect2 role="kernel" id="wpa_supplicant-kernel">
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109 | <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
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110 |
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111 | <para>
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112 | To use <application>wpa_supplicant</application>, the kernel must have
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113 | the appropriate drivers and other support available. Read
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114 | <xref linkend='wireless-kernel'/> for details.
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115 | </para>
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116 |
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117 | <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_supplicant-kernel">
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118 | <primary sortas="d-wpa_supplicant">wpa_supplicant</primary>
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119 | </indexterm>
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120 | </sect2>
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121 |
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122 | <sect2 role="installation">
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123 | <title>Installation of WPA Supplicant</title>
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124 |
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125 | <para>
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126 | First you will need to create an initial configuration file for the
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127 | build process. You can read <filename>wpa_supplicant/README</filename>
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128 | and <filename>wpa_supplicant/defconfig</filename> for the explanation
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129 | of the following options as well as other options that can be used.
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130 | Create a build configuration file that should work for standard WiFi
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131 | setups by running the following command:
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132 | </para>
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133 |
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134 | <screen><userinput>cat > wpa_supplicant/.config << "EOF"
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135 | <literal>CONFIG_BACKEND=file
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136 | CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE=y
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137 | CONFIG_DEBUG_FILE=y
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138 | CONFIG_DEBUG_SYSLOG=y
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139 | CONFIG_DEBUG_SYSLOG_FACILITY=LOG_DAEMON
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140 | CONFIG_DRIVER_NL80211=y
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141 | CONFIG_DRIVER_WEXT=y
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142 | CONFIG_DRIVER_WIRED=y
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143 | CONFIG_EAP_GTC=y
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144 | CONFIG_EAP_LEAP=y
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145 | CONFIG_EAP_MD5=y
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146 | CONFIG_EAP_MSCHAPV2=y
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147 | CONFIG_EAP_OTP=y
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148 | CONFIG_EAP_PEAP=y
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149 | CONFIG_EAP_TLS=y
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150 | CONFIG_EAP_TTLS=y
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151 | CONFIG_IEEE8021X_EAPOL=y
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152 | CONFIG_IPV6=y
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153 | CONFIG_LIBNL32=y
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154 | CONFIG_PEERKEY=y
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155 | CONFIG_PKCS12=y
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156 | CONFIG_READLINE=y
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157 | CONFIG_SMARTCARD=y
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158 | CONFIG_WPS=y
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159 | CFLAGS += -I/usr/include/libnl3</literal>
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160 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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161 |
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162 | <para>
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163 | If you wish to use <application>WPA Supplicant</application> with
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164 | <xref linkend="NetworkManager"/>, make sure that you have installed
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165 | <xref linkend="dbus"/> and <xref linkend="libxml2"/>, then add the
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166 | following options to the <application>WPA Supplicant</application>
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167 | build configuration file by running the following command:
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168 | </para>
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169 |
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170 | <screen><userinput>cat >> wpa_supplicant/.config << "EOF"
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171 | <literal>CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_DBUS=y
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172 | CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_DBUS_NEW=y
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173 | CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_DBUS_INTRO=y</literal>
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174 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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175 |
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176 | <!-- Fixed in version 2.11
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177 | <para>
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178 | Next, patch a security vulnerability that occurs when connecting to some
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179 | networks:
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180 | <!- - CVE-2023-52160, see Ticket #19304. - ->
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181 | </para>
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182 |
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183 | <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../wpa_supplicant-&wpa_supplicant-version;-security_fix-1.patch</userinput></screen>
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184 | -->
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185 | <para>
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186 | Install <application>WPA Supplicant</application> by running the
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187 | following commands:
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188 | </para>
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189 |
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190 | <screen><userinput>cd wpa_supplicant &&
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191 | make BINDIR=/usr/sbin LIBDIR=/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
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192 |
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193 | <para>
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194 | This package does not come with a test suite.
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195 | </para>
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196 |
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197 | <para>
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198 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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199 | </para>
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200 |
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201 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m755 wpa_{cli,passphrase,supplicant} /usr/sbin/ &&
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202 | install -v -m644 doc/docbook/wpa_supplicant.conf.5 /usr/share/man/man5/ &&
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203 | install -v -m644 doc/docbook/wpa_{cli,passphrase,supplicant}.8 /usr/share/man/man8/</userinput></screen>
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204 |
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205 | <para revision="systemd">
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206 | Install the <application>systemd</application> support files by
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207 | running the following command as the <systemitem
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208 | class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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209 | </para>
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210 |
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211 | <screen role="root" revision="systemd"><userinput>install -v -m644 systemd/*.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/</userinput></screen>
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212 |
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213 | <para>
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214 | If you have built <application>WPA Supplicant</application> with
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215 | <application>D-Bus</application> support, you will need to install
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216 | <application>D-Bus</application> configuration files. Install them
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217 | by running the following commands as the
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218 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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219 | </para>
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220 |
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221 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m644 dbus/fi.w1.wpa_supplicant1.service \
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222 | /usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/ &&
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223 | install -v -d -m755 /etc/dbus-1/system.d &&
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224 | install -v -m644 dbus/dbus-wpa_supplicant.conf \
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225 | /etc/dbus-1/system.d/wpa_supplicant.conf</userinput></screen>
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226 |
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227 | <note>
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228 | <para>
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229 | You will need to restart the system <application>D-Bus</application> daemon
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230 | before you can use the <application>WPA Supplicant</application>
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231 | <application>D-Bus</application> interface.
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232 | </para>
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233 | </note>
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234 |
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235 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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236 | href="../../xincludes/update-desktop-database.xml"/>
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237 |
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238 | </sect2>
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239 |
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240 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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241 | <title>Configuring wpa_supplicant</title>
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242 |
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243 | <important>
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244 | <para>
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245 | If you are using WPA Supplicant with
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246 | <xref linkend='NetworkManager'/> (or anything communicating with
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247 | WPA Supplicant via D-Bus), this section should be skipped. Running
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248 | a D-Bus connected WPA Supplicant instance and another WPA supplicant
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249 | instance configured following this section simultaneously can cause
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250 | subtle issues.
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251 | </para>
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252 | </important>
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253 |
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254 | <sect3 id="wpa_supplicant-config">
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255 | <title>Config File</title>
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256 |
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257 | <para revision="sysv">
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258 | <filename>/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-*.conf</filename>
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259 | </para>
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260 |
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261 | <para revision="systemd">
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262 | <filename>/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-*.conf</filename>
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263 | </para>
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264 |
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265 | <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_supplicant-config" revision="sysv">
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266 | <primary
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267 | sortas="e-etc-sysconfig-wpa_supplicant-star.conf">/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-*.conf</primary>
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268 | </indexterm>
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269 |
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270 | <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_supplicant-config" revision="systemd">
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271 | <primary
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272 | sortas="e-etc-wpa_supplicant-wpa_supplicant-star.conf">/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-*.conf</primary>
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273 | </indexterm>
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274 |
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275 | </sect3>
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276 |
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277 | <sect3>
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278 | <title>Configuration Information</title>
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279 |
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280 | <para>
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281 | To connect to an access point that uses a password, you need to put
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282 | the pre-shared key in
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283 | <phrase revision="sysv">
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284 | <filename>
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285 | /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
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286 | </phrase>
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287 | <phrase revision="systemd">
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288 | <filename>
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289 | /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
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290 | </phrase>
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291 | SSID is the string that the access point/router transmits to
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292 | identify itself. Run the following command as the
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293 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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294 | </para>
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295 |
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296 | <screen role="nodump" revision="sysv"><userinput>wpa_passphrase <replaceable>SSID</replaceable> <replaceable>SECRET_PASSWORD</replaceable> > /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</userinput></screen>
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297 |
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298 | <screen role="nodump" revision="systemd"><userinput>install -v -dm755 /etc/wpa_supplicant &&
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299 | wpa_passphrase <replaceable>SSID</replaceable> <replaceable>SECRET_PASSWORD</replaceable> > /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</userinput></screen>
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300 |
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301 | <para>
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302 | <phrase revision="sysv">
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303 | <filename>
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304 | /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf
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305 | </filename>
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306 | </phrase>
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307 | <phrase revision="systemd">
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308 | <filename>
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309 | /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf
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310 | </filename>
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311 | </phrase>
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312 | can hold the details of several access points. When
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313 | <command>wpa_supplicant</command> is started, it will scan for the
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314 | SSIDs it can see and choose the appropriate password to connect.
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315 | </para>
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316 |
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317 | <para>
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318 | If you want to connect to an access point that isn't password
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319 | protected, put an entry like this in
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320 | <phrase revision="sysv">
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321 | <filename>
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322 | /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
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323 | </phrase>
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324 | <phrase revision="systemd">
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325 | <filename>
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326 | /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
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327 | </phrase>
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328 | Replace "Some-SSID" with the SSID of the access point/router.
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329 | </para>
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330 |
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331 | <screen>network={
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332 | ssid="<replaceable>Some-SSID</replaceable>"
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333 | key_mgmt=NONE
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334 | }</screen>
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335 |
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336 | <para>
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337 | Connecting to a new access point that is not in the configuration
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338 | file can be accomplished manually via the command line, but it
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339 | must be done via a privileged user. To do that, add the following to
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340 | the configuration file:
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341 | </para>
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342 |
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343 | <screen>ctrl_interface=DIR=/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=<privileged group>
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344 | update_config=1</screen>
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345 |
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346 | <para>
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347 | Replace the <privileged group> above with a system group where
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348 | members have the ability to connect to a wireless access point.
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349 | </para>
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350 |
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351 | <para>
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352 | There are many options that you could use to tweak how you connect
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353 | to each access point. They are described in some detail in the
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354 | <filename>wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf</filename> file in the
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355 | source tree.
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356 | </para>
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357 |
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358 | </sect3>
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359 |
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360 | <sect3>
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361 | <title>Connecting to an Access Point</title>
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362 |
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363 | <para id="wpa-service" revision="sysv">
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364 | If you want to configure network interfaces at boot using
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365 | <command>wpa_supplicant</command>, you need to install the
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366 | <filename>/lib/services/wpa</filename> script
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367 | included in <xref linkend="bootscripts"/> package:
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368 | </para>
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369 |
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370 | <screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>make install-service-wpa</userinput></screen>
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371 |
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372 | <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa-service" revision="sysv">
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373 | <primary sortas="f-wpa">wpa</primary>
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374 | </indexterm>
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375 |
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376 | <para revision="sysv">
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377 | If your router/access point uses DHCP to allocate IP addresses, you
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378 | can install <xref linkend="dhcpcd" role="nodep"/> and use it to
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379 | automatically obtain network addresses. Create the
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380 | <filename>/etc/sysconfig/ifconfig-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>
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381 | </filename> by running the following command as the
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382 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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383 | </para>
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384 |
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385 | <screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable> << "EOF"
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386 | <literal>ONBOOT="yes"
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387 | IFACE="<replaceable>wlan0</replaceable>"
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388 | SERVICE="wpa"
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389 |
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390 | # Additional arguments to wpa_supplicant
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391 | WPA_ARGS=""
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392 |
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393 | WPA_SERVICE="dhcpcd"
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394 | DHCP_START="-b -q <replaceable><insert appropriate start options here></replaceable>"
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395 | DHCP_STOP="-k <replaceable><insert additional stop options here></replaceable>"</literal>
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396 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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397 |
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398 | <para revision="sysv">
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399 | Alternatively, if you use static addresses on your local network,
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400 | then create the
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401 | <filename>/etc/sysconfig/ifconfig-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>
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402 | </filename> by running the following command as the
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403 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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404 | </para>
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405 |
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406 | <screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable> << "EOF"
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407 | <literal>ONBOOT="yes"
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408 | IFACE="<replaceable>wlan0</replaceable>"
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409 | SERVICE="wpa"
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410 |
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411 | # Additional arguments to wpa_supplicant
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412 | WPA_ARGS=""
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413 |
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414 | WPA_SERVICE="ipv4-static"
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415 | IP="192.168.1.1"
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416 | GATEWAY="192.168.1.2"
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417 | PREFIX="24"
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418 | BROADCAST="192.168.1.255"</literal>
|
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419 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
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420 |
|
---|
421 | <para revision="systemd">
|
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422 | There are 3 types of <application>systemd</application> units
|
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423 | that were installed:
|
---|
424 | </para>
|
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425 |
|
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426 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact" revision="systemd">
|
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427 | <listitem>
|
---|
428 | <para>
|
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429 | wpa_supplicant@.service
|
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430 | </para>
|
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431 | </listitem>
|
---|
432 | <listitem>
|
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433 | <para>
|
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434 | wpa_supplicant-nl80211@.service
|
---|
435 | </para>
|
---|
436 | </listitem>
|
---|
437 | <listitem>
|
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438 | <para>
|
---|
439 | wpa_supplicant-wired@.service
|
---|
440 | </para>
|
---|
441 | </listitem>
|
---|
442 | </itemizedlist>
|
---|
443 |
|
---|
444 | <para revision="systemd">
|
---|
445 | The only difference between 3 of them is what driver
|
---|
446 | is used for connecting (-D option). The first one uses
|
---|
447 | the default driver, the second one uses the nl80211
|
---|
448 | driver and the third one uses the wired driver.
|
---|
449 | </para>
|
---|
450 |
|
---|
451 | <para>
|
---|
452 | You can connect to the wireless access point by
|
---|
453 | running the following command as the
|
---|
454 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
|
---|
455 | </para>
|
---|
456 |
|
---|
457 | <screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>ifup <replaceable>wifi0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
|
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458 |
|
---|
459 | <para revision="sysv">
|
---|
460 | Replace <replaceable>wlan0</replaceable> with the correct
|
---|
461 | wireless interface and <replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>
|
---|
462 | with desired name for the configuration file. Please note
|
---|
463 | that <filename>wpa_supplicant-*.conf</filename> and
|
---|
464 | <filename>ifconfig.*</filename> configuration files need
|
---|
465 | to have identical names, ie both contain
|
---|
466 | <replaceable>wifi0</replaceable> in their name.
|
---|
467 | </para>
|
---|
468 |
|
---|
469 | <screen role="root" revision="systemd"><userinput>systemctl start wpa_supplicant@<replaceable>wlan0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
|
---|
470 |
|
---|
471 | <para revision="systemd">
|
---|
472 | To connect to the wireless access point at
|
---|
473 | boot, simply enable the appropriate
|
---|
474 | <command>wpa_supplicant</command> service
|
---|
475 | by running the following command as the
|
---|
476 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
|
---|
477 | </para>
|
---|
478 |
|
---|
479 | <screen role="root" revision="systemd"><userinput>systemctl enable wpa_supplicant@<replaceable>wlan0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
|
---|
480 |
|
---|
481 | <para revision="systemd">
|
---|
482 | Depending on your setup, you can replace the
|
---|
483 | <filename>wpa_supplicant@.service</filename>
|
---|
484 | with any other listed above.
|
---|
485 | </para>
|
---|
486 |
|
---|
487 | <para revision="systemd">
|
---|
488 | To assign a network address to your wireless interface, consult the
|
---|
489 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter09/network.html">General Network Configuration</ulink>
|
---|
490 | page in LFS.
|
---|
491 | </para>
|
---|
492 |
|
---|
493 | </sect3>
|
---|
494 |
|
---|
495 | </sect2>
|
---|
496 |
|
---|
497 | <sect2 role="content">
|
---|
498 | <title>Contents</title>
|
---|
499 |
|
---|
500 | <segmentedlist>
|
---|
501 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
|
---|
502 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
|
---|
503 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
|
---|
504 |
|
---|
505 | <seglistitem>
|
---|
506 | <seg>
|
---|
507 | wpa_supplicant, wpa_passphrase and wpa_cli
|
---|
508 | </seg>
|
---|
509 | <seg>
|
---|
510 | None
|
---|
511 | </seg>
|
---|
512 | <seg>
|
---|
513 | None
|
---|
514 | </seg>
|
---|
515 | </seglistitem>
|
---|
516 | </segmentedlist>
|
---|
517 |
|
---|
518 | <variablelist>
|
---|
519 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
|
---|
520 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
---|
521 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
---|
522 |
|
---|
523 | <varlistentry id="wpa_supplicant-prog">
|
---|
524 | <term><command>wpa_supplicant</command></term>
|
---|
525 | <listitem>
|
---|
526 | <para>
|
---|
527 | is a daemon that can connect to a password protected wireless
|
---|
528 | access point
|
---|
529 | </para>
|
---|
530 | <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_supplicant-prog">
|
---|
531 | <primary sortas="b-wpa_supplicant">wpa_supplicant</primary>
|
---|
532 | </indexterm>
|
---|
533 | </listitem>
|
---|
534 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
535 |
|
---|
536 | <varlistentry id="wpa_passphrase">
|
---|
537 | <term><command>wpa_passphrase</command></term>
|
---|
538 | <listitem>
|
---|
539 | <para>
|
---|
540 | takes an SSID and a password and generates a simple
|
---|
541 | configuration that <command>wpa_supplicant</command> can
|
---|
542 | understand
|
---|
543 | </para>
|
---|
544 | <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_passphrase">
|
---|
545 | <primary sortas="b-wpa_passphrase">wpa_passphrase</primary>
|
---|
546 | </indexterm>
|
---|
547 | </listitem>
|
---|
548 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
549 |
|
---|
550 | <varlistentry id="wpa_cli">
|
---|
551 | <term><command>wpa_cli</command></term>
|
---|
552 | <listitem>
|
---|
553 | <para>
|
---|
554 | is a command line interface used to control a running
|
---|
555 | <command>wpa_supplicant</command> daemon
|
---|
556 | </para>
|
---|
557 | <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_cli">
|
---|
558 | <primary sortas="b-wpa_cli">wpa_cli</primary>
|
---|
559 | </indexterm>
|
---|
560 | </listitem>
|
---|
561 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
562 |
|
---|
563 | </variablelist>
|
---|
564 |
|
---|
565 | </sect2>
|
---|
566 |
|
---|
567 | </sect1>
|
---|