source: networking/netprogs/wpa_supplicant.xml@ 2077cafb

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Last change on this file since 2077cafb was cf8bec7, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 6 years ago

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6
7 <!ENTITY wpa_supplicant-download-http
8 "https://w1.fi/releases/wpa_supplicant-&wpa_supplicant-version;.tar.gz">
9 <!ENTITY wpa_supplicant-download-ftp " ">
10 <!ENTITY wpa_supplicant-md5sum "091569eb4440b7d7f2b4276dbfc03c3c">
11 <!ENTITY wpa_supplicant-size "2.6 MB">
12 <!ENTITY wpa_supplicant-buildsize "36 MB">
13 <!ENTITY wpa_supplicant-time "0.4 SBU (includes optional gui)">
14]>
15
16<sect1 id="wpa_supplicant" xreflabel="wpa_supplicant-&wpa_supplicant-version;">
17 <?dbhtml filename="wpa_supplicant.html"?>
18
19 <sect1info>
20 <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
21 <date>$Date$</date>
22 </sect1info>
23
24 <title>wpa_supplicant-&wpa_supplicant-version;</title>
25
26 <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant">
27 <primary sortas="a-wpa_supplicant">wpa_supplicant</primary>
28 </indexterm>
29
30 <sect2 role="package">
31 <title>Introduction to WPA Supplicant</title>
32
33 <para>
34 <application>WPA Supplicant</application> is a Wi-Fi Protected Access
35 (WPA) client and IEEE 802.1X supplicant. It implements WPA key negotiation
36 with a WPA Authenticator and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
37 authentication with an Authentication Server. In addition, it controls the
38 roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication/association of the wireless LAN
39 driver. This is useful for connecting to a password protected wireless
40 access point.
41 </para>
42
43 &lfs82_checked;
44
45 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
46 <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
47 <listitem>
48 <para>
49 Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&wpa_supplicant-download-http;"/>
50 </para>
51 </listitem>
52 <listitem>
53 <para>
54 Download (FTP): <ulink url="&wpa_supplicant-download-ftp;"/>
55 </para>
56 </listitem>
57 <listitem>
58 <para>
59 Download MD5 sum: &wpa_supplicant-md5sum;
60 </para>
61 </listitem>
62 <listitem>
63 <para>
64 Download size: &wpa_supplicant-size;
65 </para>
66 </listitem>
67 <listitem>
68 <para>
69 Estimated disk space required: &wpa_supplicant-buildsize;
70 </para>
71 </listitem>
72 <listitem>
73 <para>
74 Estimated build time: &wpa_supplicant-time;
75 </para>
76 </listitem>
77 </itemizedlist>
78
79 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
80 <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
81 <listitem>
82 <para>
83 Required patch:
84 <ulink url="&patch-root;/wpa_supplicant-&wpa_supplicant-version;-upstream_fixes-1.patch"/>
85 </para>
86 </listitem>
87 </itemizedlist>
88
89 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">WPA Supplicant Dependencies</bridgehead>
90
91 <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
92 <para role="recommended">
93 <xref linkend="libnl"/>
94 </para>
95
96 <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
97 <para role="optional">
98 <xref linkend="dbus"/>,
99 <xref linkend="libxml2"/>, and
100 <xref linkend="qt5"/>
101 </para>
102
103 <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
104 <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/wpa_supplicant"/>
105 </para>
106
107 </sect2>
108
109 <sect2 role="kernel" id="wpa_supplicant-kernel">
110 <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
111
112 <para>
113 Enable the following options in the kernel configuration as well as
114 specific device drivers for your hardware and recompile the kernel if
115 necessary:
116 </para>
117
118<screen><literal>[*] Networking support ---&gt; [CONFIG_NET]
119 [*] Wireless ---&gt; [CONFIG_WIRELESS]
120 &lt;*/M&gt; cfg80211 - wireless configuration API [CONFIG_CFG80211]
121 [*] cfg80211 wireless extensions compatibility [CONFIG_CFG80211_WEXT]
122 &lt;*/M&gt; Generic IEEE 802.11 Networking Stack (mac80211) [CONFIG_MAC80211]
123Device Drivers ---&gt;
124 [*] Network device support ---&gt; [CONFIG_NETDEVICES]
125 [*] Wireless LAN ---&gt; [CONFIG_WLAN]</literal></screen>
126
127 <para>
128 Open the submenu and select the options that support your hardware:
129 <command>lspci</command> from <xref linkend="pciutils"/> can be used to
130 view your hardware configuration.
131 </para>
132
133 <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_supplicant-kernel">
134 <primary sortas="d-wpa_supplicant">wpa_supplicant</primary>
135 </indexterm>
136 </sect2>
137
138 <sect2 role="installation">
139 <title>Installation of WPA Supplicant</title>
140
141 <para>
142 First you will need to create an initial configuration file for the
143 build process. You can read <filename>wpa_supplicant/README</filename>
144 and <filename>wpa_supplicant/defconfig</filename> for the explanation
145 of the following options as well as other options that can be used.
146 Create a build configuration file that should work for standard WiFi
147 setups by running the following command:
148 </para>
149
150<screen><userinput>cat &gt; wpa_supplicant/.config &lt;&lt; "EOF"
151<literal>CONFIG_BACKEND=file
152CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE=y
153CONFIG_DEBUG_FILE=y
154CONFIG_DEBUG_SYSLOG=y
155CONFIG_DEBUG_SYSLOG_FACILITY=LOG_DAEMON
156CONFIG_DRIVER_NL80211=y
157CONFIG_DRIVER_WEXT=y
158CONFIG_DRIVER_WIRED=y
159CONFIG_EAP_GTC=y
160CONFIG_EAP_LEAP=y
161CONFIG_EAP_MD5=y
162CONFIG_EAP_MSCHAPV2=y
163CONFIG_EAP_OTP=y
164CONFIG_EAP_PEAP=y
165CONFIG_EAP_TLS=y
166CONFIG_EAP_TTLS=y
167CONFIG_IEEE8021X_EAPOL=y
168CONFIG_IPV6=y
169CONFIG_LIBNL32=y
170CONFIG_PEERKEY=y
171CONFIG_PKCS12=y
172CONFIG_READLINE=y
173CONFIG_SMARTCARD=y
174CONFIG_WPS=y
175CFLAGS += -I/usr/include/libnl3</literal>
176EOF</userinput></screen>
177
178 <para>
179 If you wish to use <application>WPA Supplicant</application> with
180 <xref linkend="NetworkManager"/>, make sure that you have installed
181 <xref linkend="dbus"/> and <xref linkend="libxml2"/>, then add the
182 following options to the <application>WPA Supplicant</application>
183 build configuration file by running the following command:
184 </para>
185
186<screen><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; wpa_supplicant/.config &lt;&lt; "EOF"
187<literal>CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_DBUS=y
188CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_DBUS_NEW=y
189CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_DBUS_INTRO=y</literal>
190EOF</userinput></screen>
191
192 <para>
193 Install <application>WPA Supplicant</application> by running the
194 following commands:
195 </para>
196
197<screen><userinput>patch -p1 -i ../wpa_supplicant-&wpa_supplicant-version;-upstream_fixes-1.patch &amp;&amp;
198cd wpa_supplicant &amp;&amp;
199make BINDIR=/sbin LIBDIR=/lib</userinput></screen>
200
201 <para>
202 If you have installed <xref linkend="qt5"/> and wish to build
203 the <application>WPA Supplicant</application> GUI program, run
204 the following commands:
205 </para>
206
207 <note><para>The following directory name is labelled qt4, but
208 is compatible with <xref linkend="qt5"/>.</para></note>
209
210<screen><userinput>pushd wpa_gui-qt4 &amp;&amp;
211qmake wpa_gui.pro &amp;&amp;
212make &amp;&amp;
213popd</userinput></screen>
214
215 <para>
216 This package does not come with a test suite.
217 </para>
218
219 <para>
220 Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
221 </para>
222
223<screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m755 wpa_{cli,passphrase,supplicant} /sbin/ &amp;&amp;
224install -v -m644 doc/docbook/wpa_supplicant.conf.5 /usr/share/man/man5/ &amp;&amp;
225install -v -m644 doc/docbook/wpa_{cli,passphrase,supplicant}.8 /usr/share/man/man8/</userinput></screen>
226
227 <para revision="systemd">
228 Install the <application>systemd</application> support files by
229 running the following command as the <systemitem
230 class="username">root</systemitem> user:
231 </para>
232
233<screen role="root" revision="systemd"><userinput>install -v -m644 systemd/*.service /lib/systemd/system/</userinput></screen>
234
235 <para>
236 If you have built <application>WPA Supplicant</application> with
237 <application>D-Bus</application> support, you will need to install
238 <application>D-Bus</application> configuration files. Install them
239 by running the following commands as the
240 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
241 </para>
242
243<screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m644 dbus/fi.{epitest.hostap.WPASupplicant,w1.wpa_supplicant1}.service \
244 /usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/ &amp;&amp;
245install -v -d -m755 /etc/dbus-1/system.d &amp;&amp;
246install -v -m644 dbus/dbus-wpa_supplicant.conf \
247 /etc/dbus-1/system.d/wpa_supplicant.conf</userinput></screen>
248
249 <para revision="systemd">
250 Additionally, enable the <filename>wpa_supplicant.service</filename>
251 so that <application>systemd</application> can properly activate the
252 <application>D-Bus</application> service. Note that the
253 per-connection service and the D-Bus service cannot be enabled
254 at the same time. Run the following command as the
255 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
256 </para>
257
258<screen role="root" revision="systemd"><userinput>systemctl enable wpa_supplicant</userinput></screen>
259
260 <para>
261 If you have built the <application>WPA Supplicant</application> GUI
262 program, install it by running the following commands as the
263 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
264 </para>
265
266<screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m755 wpa_gui-qt4/wpa_gui /usr/bin/ &amp;&amp;
267install -v -m644 doc/docbook/wpa_gui.8 /usr/share/man/man8/ &amp;&amp;
268install -v -m644 wpa_gui-qt4/wpa_gui.desktop /usr/share/applications/ &amp;&amp;
269install -v -m644 wpa_gui-qt4/icons/wpa_gui.svg /usr/share/pixmaps/</userinput></screen>
270
271 <note>
272 <para>
273 You will need to restart the system <application>D-Bus</application> daemon
274 before you can use the <application>WPA Supplicant</application>
275 <application>D-Bus</application> interface.
276 </para>
277 </note>
278
279 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
280 href="../../xincludes/update-desktop-database.xml"/>
281
282 </sect2>
283
284 <sect2 role="configuration">
285 <title>Configuring wpa_supplicant</title>
286
287 <sect3 id="wpa_supplicant-config">
288 <title>Config File</title>
289
290 <para revision="sysv">
291 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-*.conf</filename>
292 </para>
293
294 <para revision="systemd">
295 <filename>/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-*.conf</filename>
296 </para>
297
298 <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_supplicant-config" revision="sysv">
299 <primary
300 sortas="e-etc-sysconfig-wpa_supplicant-star.conf">/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-*.conf</primary>
301 </indexterm>
302
303 <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_supplicant-config" revision="systemd">
304 <primary
305 sortas="e-etc-wpa_supplicant-wpa_supplicant-star.conf">/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-*.conf</primary>
306 </indexterm>
307
308 </sect3>
309
310 <sect3>
311 <title>Configuration Information</title>
312
313 <para>
314 To connect to an access point that uses a password, you need to put
315 the pre-shared key in
316 <phrase revision="sysv"><filename>
317 /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</filename>.</phrase>
318 <phrase revision="systemd"><filename>
319 /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</filename>.</phrase>
320 SSID is the string that the access point/router transmits to
321 identify itself. Run the following command as the
322 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
323 </para>
324
325<screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>wpa_passphrase <replaceable>SSID</replaceable> <replaceable>SECRET_PASSWORD</replaceable> &gt; /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</userinput></screen>
326
327<screen role="root" revision="systemd"><userinput>install -v -dm755 /etc/wpa_supplicant &amp;&amp;
328wpa_passphrase <replaceable>SSID</replaceable> <replaceable>SECRET_PASSWORD</replaceable> &gt; /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</userinput></screen>
329
330 <para>
331 <phrase revision="sysv"><filename>/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf </filename></phrase>
332 <phrase revision="systemd"><filename>/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</filename></phrase>
333 can hold the details of several access points. When
334 <command>wpa_supplicant</command> is started, it will scan for the
335 SSIDs it can see and choose the appropriate password to connect.
336 </para>
337
338 <para>
339 If you want to connect to an access point that isn't password
340 protected, put an entry like this in
341 <phrase revision="sysv" ><filename>/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</filename></phrase>
342 <phrase revision="systemd"><filename>/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</filename></phrase>.
343 Replace "Some-SSID" with the SSID of the access point/router.
344 </para>
345
346<screen>network={
347 ssid="<replaceable>Some-SSID</replaceable>"
348 key_mgmt=NONE
349}</screen>
350
351 <para>Connecting to a new access point that is not in the configuration
352 file can be accomplished manually via the command line or GUI, but it
353 must be done via a privileged user. To do that, add the following to the
354 configuration file:</para>
355
356<screen>ctrl_interface=DIR=/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=&lt;privileged group&gt;
357update_config=1</screen>
358
359 <para>
360 Replace the &lt;privileged group&gt; above with a system group where
361 members have the ability to connect to a wireless access point.
362 </para>
363
364 <para>
365 There are many options that you could use to tweak how you connect
366 to each access point. They are described in some detail in the
367 <filename>wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf</filename> file in the
368 source tree.
369 </para>
370
371 </sect3>
372
373 <sect3>
374 <title>Connecting to an Access Point</title>
375
376 <para id="wpa-service" revision="sysv">
377 If you want to configure network interfaces at boot using
378 <command>wpa_supplicant</command>, you need to install the
379 <filename>/lib/services/wpa</filename> script
380 included in <xref linkend="bootscripts"/> package:
381 </para>
382
383<screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>make install-service-wpa</userinput></screen>
384
385 <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa-service" revision="sysv">
386 <primary sortas="f-wpa">wpa</primary>
387 </indexterm>
388
389 <para revision="sysv">
390 If your router/access point uses DHCP to allocate IP addresses, you
391 can install <xref linkend="dhcp"/> client and use it to
392 automatically obtain network addresses. Create the
393 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/ifconfig-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>
394 </filename> by running the following command as the
395 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
396 </para>
397
398<screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable> &lt;&lt; "EOF"
399<literal>ONBOOT="yes"
400IFACE="<replaceable>wlan0</replaceable>"
401SERVICE="wpa"
402
403# Additional arguments to wpa_supplicant
404WPA_ARGS=""
405
406WPA_SERVICE="dhclient"
407DHCP_START=""
408DHCP_STOP=""
409
410# Set PRINTIP="yes" to have the script print
411# the DHCP assigned IP address
412PRINTIP="no"
413
414# Set PRINTALL="yes" to print the DHCP assigned values for
415# IP, SM, DG, and 1st NS. This requires PRINTIP="yes".
416PRINTALL="no"</literal>
417EOF</userinput></screen>
418
419 <para revision="sysv">
420 If you prefer <xref linkend="dhcpcd"/> instead of
421 <xref linkend="dhcp"/> client, then create the
422 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/ifconfig-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>
423 </filename> by running the following command as the
424 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
425 </para>
426
427<screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable> &lt;&lt; "EOF"
428<literal>ONBOOT="yes"
429IFACE="<replaceable>wlan0</replaceable>"
430SERVICE="wpa"
431
432# Additional arguments to wpa_supplicant
433WPA_ARGS=""
434
435WPA_SERVICE="dhcpcd"
436DHCP_START="-b -q <replaceable>&lt;insert appropriate start options here&gt;</replaceable>"
437DHCP_STOP="-k <replaceable>&lt;insert additional stop options here&gt;</replaceable>"</literal>
438EOF</userinput></screen>
439
440 <para revision="sysv">
441 Alternatively, if you use static addresses on your local network,
442 then create the
443 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/ifconfig-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>
444 </filename> by running the following command as the
445 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
446 </para>
447
448<screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable> &lt;&lt; "EOF"
449<literal>ONBOOT="yes"
450IFACE="<replaceable>wlan0</replaceable>"
451SERVICE="wpa"
452
453# Additional arguments to wpa_supplicant
454WPA_ARGS=""
455
456WPA_SERVICE="ipv4-static"
457IP="192.168.1.1"
458GATEWAY="192.168.1.2"
459PREFIX="24"
460BROADCAST="192.168.1.255"</literal>
461EOF</userinput></screen>
462
463 <para revision="systemd">
464 There are 3 types of <application>systemd</application> units
465 that were installed:
466 </para>
467
468 <itemizedlist spacing="compact" revision="systemd">
469 <listitem>
470 <para>
471 wpa_supplicant@.service
472 </para>
473 </listitem>
474 <listitem>
475 <para>
476 wpa_supplicant-nl80211@.service
477 </para>
478 </listitem>
479 <listitem>
480 <para>
481 wpa_supplicant-wired@.service
482 </para>
483 </listitem>
484 </itemizedlist>
485
486 <para revision="systemd">
487 The only difference between 3 of them is what driver
488 is used for connecting (-D option). The first one uses
489 the default driver, the second one uses the nl80211
490 driver and the third one uses the wired driver.
491 </para>
492
493 <para>
494 You can connect to the wireless access point by
495 running the following command as the
496 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
497 </para>
498
499<screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>ifup <replaceable>wifi0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
500
501 <para revision="sysv">
502 Replace <replaceable>wlan0</replaceable> with the correct
503 wireless interface and <replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>
504 with desired name for the configuration file. Please note
505 that <filename>wpa_supplicant-*.conf</filename> and
506 <filename>ifconfig.*</filename> configuration files need
507 to have identical names, ie both contain
508 <replaceable>wifi0</replaceable> in their name.
509 </para>
510
511<screen role="root" revision="systemd"><userinput>systemctl start wpa_supplicant@<replaceable>wlan0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
512
513 <para revision="systemd">
514 To connect to the wireless access point at
515 boot, simply enable the appropriate
516 <command>wpa_supplicant</command> service
517 by running the following command as the
518 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
519 </para>
520
521<screen role="root" revision="systemd"><userinput>systemctl enable wpa_supplicant@<replaceable>wlan0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
522
523 <para revision="systemd">
524 Depending on your setup, you can replace the
525 <filename>wpa_supplicant@.service</filename>
526 with any other listed above.
527 </para>
528
529 <para revision="systemd">
530 To assign a network address to your wireless interface, consult the
531 <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter07/network.html">General Network Configuration</ulink>
532 page in LFS.
533 </para>
534
535 </sect3>
536
537 </sect2>
538
539 <sect2 role="content">
540 <title>Contents</title>
541
542 <segmentedlist>
543 <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
544 <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
545 <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
546
547 <seglistitem>
548 <seg>
549 wpa_gui, wpa_supplicant, wpa_passphrase and wpa_cli
550 </seg>
551 <seg>
552 None
553 </seg>
554 <seg>
555 None
556 </seg>
557 </seglistitem>
558 </segmentedlist>
559
560 <variablelist>
561 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
562 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
563 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
564
565 <varlistentry id="wpa_gui">
566 <term><command>wpa_gui</command></term>
567 <listitem>
568 <para>
569 is a graphical frontend program for interacting with
570 <application>wpa_supplicant</application>.
571 </para>
572 <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_gui">
573 <primary sortas="b-wpa_gui">wpa_gui</primary>
574 </indexterm>
575 </listitem>
576 </varlistentry>
577
578 <varlistentry id="wpa_supplicant-prog">
579 <term><command>wpa_supplicant</command></term>
580 <listitem>
581 <para>
582 is a daemon that can connect to a password protected wireless
583 access point.
584 </para>
585 <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_supplicant-prog">
586 <primary sortas="b-wpa_supplicant">wpa_supplicant</primary>
587 </indexterm>
588 </listitem>
589 </varlistentry>
590
591 <varlistentry id="wpa_passphrase">
592 <term><command>wpa_passphrase</command></term>
593 <listitem>
594 <para>
595 takes an SSID and a password and generates a simple
596 configuration that <command>wpa_supplicant</command> can
597 understand.
598 </para>
599 <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_passphrase">
600 <primary sortas="b-wpa_passphrase">wpa_passphrase</primary>
601 </indexterm>
602 </listitem>
603 </varlistentry>
604
605 <varlistentry id="wpa_cli">
606 <term><command>wpa_cli</command></term>
607 <listitem>
608 <para>
609 is a command line interface used to control a running
610 <command>wpa_supplicant</command> daemon.
611 </para>
612 <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_cli">
613 <primary sortas="b-wpa_cli">wpa_cli</primary>
614 </indexterm>
615 </listitem>
616 </varlistentry>
617
618 </variablelist>
619
620 </sect2>
621
622</sect1>
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