source: networking/netprogs/wpa_supplicant.xml@ 4ad8ef42

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Last change on this file since 4ad8ef42 was 83394f2, checked in by Douglas R. Reno <renodr@…>, 7 years ago

Add a command to wpa_supplicant to create /etc/dbus-1/system.d when not present already. Thanks to spiky in IRC for the report.

git-svn-id: svn://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/BLFS/trunk/BOOK@19146 af4574ff-66df-0310-9fd7-8a98e5e911e0

  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 21.5 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6
7 <!ENTITY wpa_supplicant-download-http
8 "https://w1.fi/releases/wpa_supplicant-&wpa_supplicant-version;.tar.gz">
9 <!ENTITY wpa_supplicant-download-ftp " ">
10 <!ENTITY wpa_supplicant-md5sum "091569eb4440b7d7f2b4276dbfc03c3c">
11 <!ENTITY wpa_supplicant-size "2.6 MB">
12 <!ENTITY wpa_supplicant-buildsize "36 MB">
13 <!ENTITY wpa_supplicant-time "0.4 SBU (includes optional gui)">
14]>
15
16<sect1 id="wpa_supplicant" xreflabel="wpa_supplicant-&wpa_supplicant-version;">
17 <?dbhtml filename="wpa_supplicant.html"?>
18
19 <sect1info>
20 <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
21 <date>$Date$</date>
22 </sect1info>
23
24 <title>wpa_supplicant-&wpa_supplicant-version;</title>
25
26 <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant">
27 <primary sortas="a-wpa_supplicant">wpa_supplicant</primary>
28 </indexterm>
29
30 <sect2 role="package">
31 <title>Introduction to WPA Supplicant</title>
32
33 <para>
34 <application>WPA Supplicant</application> is a Wi-Fi Protected Access
35 (WPA) client and IEEE 802.1X supplicant. It implements WPA key negotiation
36 with a WPA Authenticator and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
37 authentication with an Authentication Server. In addition, it controls the
38 roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication/association of the wireless LAN
39 driver. This is useful for connecting to a password protected wireless
40 access point.
41 </para>
42
43 &lfs81_checked;
44
45 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
46 <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
47 <listitem>
48 <para>
49 Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&wpa_supplicant-download-http;"/>
50 </para>
51 </listitem>
52 <listitem>
53 <para>
54 Download (FTP): <ulink url="&wpa_supplicant-download-ftp;"/>
55 </para>
56 </listitem>
57 <listitem>
58 <para>
59 Download MD5 sum: &wpa_supplicant-md5sum;
60 </para>
61 </listitem>
62 <listitem>
63 <para>
64 Download size: &wpa_supplicant-size;
65 </para>
66 </listitem>
67 <listitem>
68 <para>
69 Estimated disk space required: &wpa_supplicant-buildsize;
70 </para>
71 </listitem>
72 <listitem>
73 <para>
74 Estimated build time: &wpa_supplicant-time;
75 </para>
76 </listitem>
77 </itemizedlist>
78
79 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">WPA Supplicant Dependencies</bridgehead>
80
81 <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
82 <para role="recommended">
83 <xref linkend="libnl"/> and
84 <xref linkend="openssl"/>
85 </para>
86
87 <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
88 <para role="optional">
89 <xref linkend="dbus"/>,
90 <xref linkend="libxml2"/>, and
91 <xref linkend="qt5"/>
92 </para>
93
94 <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
95 <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/wpa_supplicant"/>
96 </para>
97
98 </sect2>
99
100 <sect2 role="kernel" id="wpa_supplicant-kernel">
101 <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
102
103 <para>
104 Enable the following options in the kernel configuration as well as
105 specific device drivers for your hardware and recompile the kernel if
106 necessary:
107 </para>
108
109<screen><literal>[*] Networking support ---&gt; [CONFIG_NET]
110 [*] Wireless ---&gt; [CONFIG_WIRELESS]
111 &lt;*/M&gt; cfg80211 - wireless configuration API [CONFIG_CFG80211]
112 [*] cfg80211 wireless extensions compatibility [CONFIG_CFG80211_WEXT]
113 &lt;*/M&gt; Generic IEEE 802.11 Networking Stack (mac80211) [CONFIG_MAC80211]
114Device Drivers ---&gt;
115 [*] Network device support ---&gt; [CONFIG_NETDEVICES]
116 [*] Wireless LAN ---&gt; [CONFIG_WLAN]</literal></screen>
117
118 <para>
119 Open the submenu and select the options that support your hardware:
120 <command>lspci</command> from <xref linkend="pciutils"/> can be used to
121 view your hardware configuration.
122 </para>
123
124 <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_supplicant-kernel">
125 <primary sortas="d-wpa_supplicant">wpa_supplicant</primary>
126 </indexterm>
127 </sect2>
128
129 <sect2 role="installation">
130 <title>Installation of WPA Supplicant</title>
131
132 <para>
133 First you will need to create an initial configuration file for the
134 build process. You can read <filename>wpa_supplicant/README</filename>
135 and <filename>wpa_supplicant/defconfig</filename> for the explanation
136 of the following options as well as other options that can be used.
137 Create a build configuration file that should work for standard WiFi
138 setups by running the following command:
139 </para>
140
141<screen><userinput>cat &gt; wpa_supplicant/.config &lt;&lt; "EOF"
142<literal>CONFIG_BACKEND=file
143CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE=y
144CONFIG_DEBUG_FILE=y
145CONFIG_DEBUG_SYSLOG=y
146CONFIG_DEBUG_SYSLOG_FACILITY=LOG_DAEMON
147CONFIG_DRIVER_NL80211=y
148CONFIG_DRIVER_WEXT=y
149CONFIG_DRIVER_WIRED=y
150CONFIG_EAP_GTC=y
151CONFIG_EAP_LEAP=y
152CONFIG_EAP_MD5=y
153CONFIG_EAP_MSCHAPV2=y
154CONFIG_EAP_OTP=y
155CONFIG_EAP_PEAP=y
156CONFIG_EAP_TLS=y
157CONFIG_EAP_TTLS=y
158CONFIG_IEEE8021X_EAPOL=y
159CONFIG_IPV6=y
160CONFIG_LIBNL32=y
161CONFIG_PEERKEY=y
162CONFIG_PKCS12=y
163CONFIG_READLINE=y
164CONFIG_SMARTCARD=y
165CONFIG_WPS=y
166CFLAGS += -I/usr/include/libnl3</literal>
167EOF</userinput></screen>
168
169 <para>
170 If you wish to use <application>WPA Supplicant</application> with
171 <xref linkend="NetworkManager"/>, make sure that you have installed
172 <xref linkend="dbus"/> and <xref linkend="libxml2"/>, then add the
173 following options to the <application>WPA Supplicant</application>
174 build configuration file by running the following command:
175 </para>
176
177<screen><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; wpa_supplicant/.config &lt;&lt; "EOF"
178<literal>CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_DBUS=y
179CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_DBUS_NEW=y
180CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE_DBUS_INTRO=y</literal>
181EOF</userinput></screen>
182
183 <para>
184 Install <application>WPA Supplicant</application> by running the
185 following commands:
186 </para>
187
188<screen><userinput>cd wpa_supplicant &amp;&amp;
189make BINDIR=/sbin LIBDIR=/lib</userinput></screen>
190
191 <para>
192 If you have installed <xref linkend="qt5"/> and wish to build
193 the <application>WPA Supplicant</application> GUI program, run
194 the following commands:
195 </para>
196
197 <note><para>The following directory name is labelled qt4, but
198 is compatible with <xref linkend="qt5"/>.</para></note>
199
200<screen><userinput>pushd wpa_gui-qt4 &amp;&amp;
201qmake wpa_gui.pro &amp;&amp;
202make &amp;&amp;
203popd</userinput></screen>
204
205 <para>
206 This package does not come with a test suite.
207 </para>
208
209 <para>
210 Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
211 </para>
212
213<screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m755 wpa_{cli,passphrase,supplicant} /sbin/ &amp;&amp;
214install -v -m644 doc/docbook/wpa_supplicant.conf.5 /usr/share/man/man5/ &amp;&amp;
215install -v -m644 doc/docbook/wpa_{cli,passphrase,supplicant}.8 /usr/share/man/man8/</userinput></screen>
216
217 <para revision="systemd">
218 Install the <application>systemd</application> support files by
219 running the following command as the <systemitem
220 class="username">root</systemitem> user:
221 </para>
222
223<screen role="root" revision="systemd"><userinput>install -v -m644 systemd/*.service /lib/systemd/system/</userinput></screen>
224
225 <para>
226 If you have built <application>WPA Supplicant</application> with
227 <application>D-Bus</application> support, you will need to install
228 <application>D-Bus</application> configuration files. Install them
229 by running the following commands as the
230 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
231 </para>
232
233<screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m644 dbus/fi.{epitest.hostap.WPASupplicant,w1.wpa_supplicant1}.service \
234 /usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/ &amp;&amp;
235install -v -d -m755 /etc/dbus-1/system.d &amp;&amp;
236install -v -m644 dbus/dbus-wpa_supplicant.conf \
237 /etc/dbus-1/system.d/wpa_supplicant.conf</userinput></screen>
238
239 <para revision="systemd">
240 Additionally, enable the <filename>wpa_supplicant.service</filename>
241 so that <application>systemd</application> can properly activate the
242 <application>D-Bus</application> service. Note that the
243 per-connection service and the D-Bus service cannot be enabled
244 at the same time. Run the following command as the
245 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
246 </para>
247
248<screen role="root" revision="systemd"><userinput>systemctl enable wpa_supplicant</userinput></screen>
249
250 <para>
251 If you have built the <application>WPA Supplicant</application> GUI
252 program, install it by running the following commands as the
253 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
254 </para>
255
256<screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m755 wpa_gui-qt4/wpa_gui /usr/bin/ &amp;&amp;
257install -v -m644 doc/docbook/wpa_gui.8 /usr/share/man/man8/ &amp;&amp;
258install -v -m644 wpa_gui-qt4/wpa_gui.desktop /usr/share/applications/ &amp;&amp;
259install -v -m644 wpa_gui-qt4/icons/wpa_gui.svg /usr/share/pixmaps/</userinput></screen>
260
261 <note>
262 <para>
263 You will need to restart the system <application>D-Bus</application> daemon
264 before you can use the <application>WPA Supplicant</application>
265 <application>D-Bus</application> interface.
266 </para>
267 </note>
268
269 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
270 href="../../xincludes/update-desktop-database.xml"/>
271
272 </sect2>
273
274 <sect2 role="configuration">
275 <title>Configuring wpa_supplicant</title>
276
277 <sect3 id="wpa_supplicant-config">
278 <title>Config File</title>
279
280 <para revision="sysv">
281 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-*.conf</filename>
282 </para>
283
284 <para revision="systemd">
285 <filename>/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-*.conf</filename>
286 </para>
287
288 <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_supplicant-config" revision="sysv">
289 <primary
290 sortas="e-etc-sysconfig-wpa_supplicant-star.conf">/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-*.conf</primary>
291 </indexterm>
292
293 <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_supplicant-config" revision="systemd">
294 <primary
295 sortas="e-etc-wpa_supplicant-wpa_supplicant-star.conf">/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-*.conf</primary>
296 </indexterm>
297
298 </sect3>
299
300 <sect3>
301 <title>Configuration Information</title>
302
303 <para>
304 To connect to an access point that uses a password, you need to put
305 the pre-shared key in
306 <phrase revision="sysv"><filename>
307 /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</filename>.</phrase>
308 <phrase revision="systemd"><filename>
309 /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</filename>.</phrase>
310 SSID is the string that the access point/router transmits to
311 identify itself. Run the following command as the
312 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
313 </para>
314
315<screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>wpa_passphrase <replaceable>SSID</replaceable> <replaceable>SECRET_PASSWORD</replaceable> &gt; /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</userinput></screen>
316
317<screen role="root" revision="systemd"><userinput>install -v -dm755 /etc/wpa_supplicant &amp;&amp;
318wpa_passphrase <replaceable>SSID</replaceable> <replaceable>SECRET_PASSWORD</replaceable> &gt; /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</userinput></screen>
319
320 <para>
321 <phrase revision="sysv"><filename>/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf </filename></phrase>
322 <phrase revision="systemd"><filename>/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</filename></phrase>
323 can hold the details of several access points. When
324 <command>wpa_supplicant</command> is started, it will scan for the
325 SSIDs it can see and choose the appropriate password to connect.
326 </para>
327
328 <para>
329 If you want to connect to an access point that isn't password
330 protected, put an entry like this in
331 <phrase revision="sysv" ><filename>/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</filename></phrase>
332 <phrase revision="systemd"><filename>/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>.conf</filename></phrase>.
333 Replace "Some-SSID" with the SSID of the access point/router.
334 </para>
335
336<screen>network={
337 ssid="<replaceable>Some-SSID</replaceable>"
338 key_mgmt=NONE
339}</screen>
340
341 <para>Connecting to a new access point that is not in the configuration
342 file can be accomplished manually via the command line or GUI, but it
343 must be done via a privileged user. To do that, add the following to the
344 configuration file:</para>
345
346<screen>ctrl_interface=DIR=/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=&lt;privileged group&gt;
347update_config=1</screen>
348
349 <para>
350 Replace the &lt;privileged group&gt; above with a system group where
351 members have the ability to connect to a wireless access point.
352 </para>
353
354 <para>
355 There are many options that you could use to tweak how you connect
356 to each access point. They are described in some detail in the
357 <filename>wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf</filename> file in the
358 source tree.
359 </para>
360
361 </sect3>
362
363 <sect3>
364 <title>Connecting to an Access Point</title>
365
366 <para id="wpa-service" revision="sysv">
367 If you want to configure network interfaces at boot using
368 <command>wpa_supplicant</command>, you need to install the
369 <filename>/lib/services/wpa</filename> script
370 included in <xref linkend="bootscripts"/> package:
371 </para>
372
373<screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>make install-service-wpa</userinput></screen>
374
375 <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa-service" revision="sysv">
376 <primary sortas="f-wpa">wpa</primary>
377 </indexterm>
378
379 <para revision="sysv">
380 If your router/access point uses DHCP to allocate IP addresses, you
381 can install <xref linkend="dhcp"/> client and use it to
382 automatically obtain network addresses. Create the
383 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/ifconfig-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>
384 </filename> by running the following command as the
385 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
386 </para>
387
388<screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable> &lt;&lt; "EOF"
389<literal>ONBOOT="yes"
390IFACE="<replaceable>wlan0</replaceable>"
391SERVICE="wpa"
392
393# Additional arguments to wpa_supplicant
394WPA_ARGS=""
395
396WPA_SERVICE="dhclient"
397DHCP_START=""
398DHCP_STOP=""
399
400# Set PRINTIP="yes" to have the script print
401# the DHCP assigned IP address
402PRINTIP="no"
403
404# Set PRINTALL="yes" to print the DHCP assigned values for
405# IP, SM, DG, and 1st NS. This requires PRINTIP="yes".
406PRINTALL="no"</literal>
407EOF</userinput></screen>
408
409 <para revision="sysv">
410 If you prefer <xref linkend="dhcpcd"/> instead of
411 <xref linkend="dhcp"/> client, then create the
412 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/ifconfig-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>
413 </filename> by running the following command as the
414 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
415 </para>
416
417<screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable> &lt;&lt; "EOF"
418<literal>ONBOOT="yes"
419IFACE="<replaceable>wlan0</replaceable>"
420SERVICE="wpa"
421
422# Additional arguments to wpa_supplicant
423WPA_ARGS=""
424
425WPA_SERVICE="dhcpcd"
426DHCP_START="-b -q <replaceable>&lt;insert appropriate start options here&gt;</replaceable>"
427DHCP_STOP="-k <replaceable>&lt;insert additional stop options here&gt;</replaceable>"</literal>
428EOF</userinput></screen>
429
430 <para revision="sysv">
431 Alternatively, if you use static addresses on your local network,
432 then create the
433 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/ifconfig-<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>
434 </filename> by running the following command as the
435 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
436 </para>
437
438<screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.<replaceable>wifi0</replaceable> &lt;&lt; "EOF"
439<literal>ONBOOT="yes"
440IFACE="<replaceable>wlan0</replaceable>"
441SERVICE="wpa"
442
443# Additional arguments to wpa_supplicant
444WPA_ARGS=""
445
446WPA_SERVICE="ipv4-static"
447IP="192.168.1.1"
448GATEWAY="192.168.1.2"
449PREFIX="24"
450BROADCAST="192.168.1.255"</literal>
451EOF</userinput></screen>
452
453 <para revision="systemd">
454 There are 3 types of <application>systemd</application> units
455 that were installed:
456 </para>
457
458 <itemizedlist spacing="compact" revision="systemd">
459 <listitem>
460 <para>
461 wpa_supplicant@.service
462 </para>
463 </listitem>
464 <listitem>
465 <para>
466 wpa_supplicant-nl80211@.service
467 </para>
468 </listitem>
469 <listitem>
470 <para>
471 wpa_supplicant-wired@.service
472 </para>
473 </listitem>
474 </itemizedlist>
475
476 <para revision="systemd">
477 The only difference between 3 of them is what driver
478 is used for connecting (-D option). The first one uses
479 the default driver, the second one uses the nl80211
480 driver and the third one uses the wired driver.
481 </para>
482
483 <para>
484 You can connect to the wireless access point by
485 running the following command as the
486 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
487 </para>
488
489<screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>ifup <replaceable>wifi0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
490
491 <para revision="sysv">
492 Replace <replaceable>wlan0</replaceable> with the correct
493 wireless interface and <replaceable>wifi0</replaceable>
494 with desired name for the configuration file. Please note
495 that <filename>wpa_supplicant-*.conf</filename> and
496 <filename>ifconfig.*</filename> configuration files need
497 to have identical names, ie both contain
498 <replaceable>wifi0</replaceable> in their name.
499 </para>
500
501<screen role="root" revision="systemd"><userinput>systemctl start wpa_supplicant@<replaceable>wlan0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
502
503 <para revision="systemd">
504 To connect to the wireless access point at
505 boot, simply enable the appropriate
506 <command>wpa_supplicant</command> service
507 by running the following command as the
508 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
509 </para>
510
511<screen role="root" revision="systemd"><userinput>systemctl enable wpa_supplicant@<replaceable>wlan0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
512
513 <para revision="systemd">
514 Depending on your setup, you can replace the
515 <filename>wpa_supplicant@.service</filename>
516 with any other listed above.
517 </para>
518
519 <para revision="systemd">
520 To assign a network address to your wireless interface, consult the
521 <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter07/network.html">General Network Configuration</ulink>
522 page in LFS.
523 </para>
524
525 </sect3>
526
527 </sect2>
528
529 <sect2 role="content">
530 <title>Contents</title>
531
532 <segmentedlist>
533 <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
534 <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
535 <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
536
537 <seglistitem>
538 <seg>
539 wpa_gui, wpa_supplicant, wpa_passphrase and wpa_cli
540 </seg>
541 <seg>
542 None
543 </seg>
544 <seg>
545 None
546 </seg>
547 </seglistitem>
548 </segmentedlist>
549
550 <variablelist>
551 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
552 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
553 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
554
555 <varlistentry id="wpa_gui">
556 <term><command>wpa_gui</command></term>
557 <listitem>
558 <para>
559 is a graphical frontend program for interacting with
560 <application>wpa_supplicant</application>.
561 </para>
562 <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_gui">
563 <primary sortas="b-wpa_gui">wpa_gui</primary>
564 </indexterm>
565 </listitem>
566 </varlistentry>
567
568 <varlistentry id="wpa_supplicant-prog">
569 <term><command>wpa_supplicant</command></term>
570 <listitem>
571 <para>
572 is a daemon that can connect to a password protected wireless
573 access point.
574 </para>
575 <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_supplicant-prog">
576 <primary sortas="b-wpa_supplicant">wpa_supplicant</primary>
577 </indexterm>
578 </listitem>
579 </varlistentry>
580
581 <varlistentry id="wpa_passphrase">
582 <term><command>wpa_passphrase</command></term>
583 <listitem>
584 <para>
585 takes an SSID and a password and generates a simple
586 configuration that <command>wpa_supplicant</command> can
587 understand.
588 </para>
589 <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_passphrase">
590 <primary sortas="b-wpa_passphrase">wpa_passphrase</primary>
591 </indexterm>
592 </listitem>
593 </varlistentry>
594
595 <varlistentry id="wpa_cli">
596 <term><command>wpa_cli</command></term>
597 <listitem>
598 <para>
599 is a command line interface used to control a running
600 <command>wpa_supplicant</command> daemon.
601 </para>
602 <indexterm zone="wpa_supplicant wpa_cli">
603 <primary sortas="b-wpa_cli">wpa_cli</primary>
604 </indexterm>
605 </listitem>
606 </varlistentry>
607
608 </variablelist>
609
610 </sect2>
611
612</sect1>
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