source: networking/netutils/wireshark.xml@ dccc4d4

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
  %general-entities;

  <!ENTITY wireshark-download-http "https://www.wireshark.org/download/src/all-versions/wireshark-&wireshark-version;.tar.bz2">
  <!ENTITY wireshark-download-ftp  "ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/wireshark/src/wireshark-&wireshark-version;.tar.bz2">
  <!ENTITY wireshark-md5sum        "e6318b8451d4e56d39bd911da296ef19">
  <!ENTITY wireshark-size          "28 MB">
  <!ENTITY wireshark-buildsize     "875 MB (1.1 GB, with the Qt GUI)">
  <!ENTITY wireshark-time          "5.5 SBU (7.3 SBU, with the Qt GUI)">
]>

<sect1 id="wireshark" xreflabel="Wireshark-&wireshark-version;">
  <?dbhtml filename="wireshark.html"?>

  <sect1info>
    <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
    <date>$Date$</date>
  </sect1info>

  <title>Wireshark-&wireshark-version;</title>

  <indexterm zone="wireshark">
    <primary sortas="a-Wireshark">Wireshark</primary>
  </indexterm>

  <sect2 role="package">
    <title>Introduction to Wireshark</title>

    <para>The <application>Wireshark</application> package contains a network
    protocol analyzer, also known as a <quote>sniffer</quote>. This is useful
    for analyzing data captured <quote>off the wire</quote> from a live network
    connection, or data read from a capture file.
    <application>Wireshark</application> provides both a graphical and a TTY-mode
    front-end for examining captured network packets from over 500 protocols,
    as well as the capability to read capture files from many other popular
    network analyzers.</para>

    &lfs77_checked;

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
    <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
      <listitem>
        <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&wireshark-download-http;"/></para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&wireshark-download-ftp;"/></para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Download MD5 sum: &wireshark-md5sum;</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Download size: &wireshark-size;</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Estimated disk space required: &wireshark-buildsize;</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Estimated build time: &wireshark-time;</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
    <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Required patch:
          <ulink url="&patch-root;/wireshark-&wireshark-version;-lua_5_3_0-1.patch"/>
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Additional Documentation:
           <ulink url="https://www.wireshark.org/download/docs/"/>
         </para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>From this page you can download many different docs in a variety
    of formats.</para>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Wireshark dependencies</bridgehead>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
    <para role="required">
      <xref linkend="glib2"/> (to build the TTY-mode front-end only)
    </para>

    <para>Note that you need <application>Gtk+</application> or
    <application>Qt4</application> installed, otherwise, pass
    <option>--disable-wireshark</option> to the
    <command>configure</command> command. SBU and disk space required are larger
    for the Qt GUI.</para>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
    <para role="recommended">
      <xref linkend="gtk3"/> (to build the <application>Gtk+3</application>
      GUI) and
      <xref linkend="libpcap"/> (required to capture data)
    </para>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
    <para role="optional">
      <xref linkend="gnutls"/>,
      <xref linkend="libgcrypt"/>,
      <xref linkend="lua"/>,
      <xref linkend="mitkrb"/>,
      <xref linkend="openssl"/>,
      <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/adns/adns.html">adns</ulink>,
      <ulink url="http://www.maxmind.com/app/c">GeoIP</ulink>, and
      <ulink url="http://www.portaudio.com/download.html">PortAudio</ulink>
    </para>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (to build the GUI front-end)</bridgehead>
    <para role="optional">
      <xref linkend="gtk2"/>,
      <xref linkend="qt4"/>, or 
      <xref linkend="qt5"/>
    </para>

    <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
    <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/wireshark"/></para>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="kernel" id="wireshark-kernel">
    <title>Kernel Configuration</title>

      <para>The kernel must have the Packet protocol enabled for
      <application>Wireshark</application> to capture live packets from the
      network:</para>
      
<screen><literal>[*] Networking support ---&gt;          [CONFIG_NET]
      Networking options ---&gt;
        &lt;*/M&gt; Packet socket          [CONFIG_PACKET]</literal></screen>

      <para>If built as a module, the name is
      <filename>af_packet.ko</filename>.</para>

      <indexterm zone="wireshark wireshark-kernel">
        <primary sortas="d-Capturing-network-packets">Capturing network
        packets</primary>
      </indexterm>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="installation">
    <title>Installation of Wireshark</title>

    <para>Optionally, fix the description of the program in the title.
    The first change overwrites the default "SVN Unknown" in the title
    and the second overwrites a utility script that resets the version
    to "unknown".</para>

<screen><userinput>cat > svnversion.h &lt;&lt; "EOF"
#define SVNVERSION "BLFS"
#define SVNPATH "source"
EOF

cat > make-version.pl &lt;&lt; "EOF"
#!/usr/bin/perl
EOF</userinput></screen>

    <para><application>Wireshark</application> is a very large and complex
    application.  These instructions provide additional security measures to
    ensure that only trusted users are allowed to view network traffic.  First,
    set up a system group for wireshark.  As the <systemitem
    class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>groupadd -g 62 wireshark</userinput></screen>

    <para>If you have <application>GTK+2</application> and 3, and
    <application>Qt4</application> and 5, one GUI linked to
    <application>GTK+3</application> and another one linked to
    <application>Qt5</application> are built, by default. Instead, we chose to
    only build the <application>GTK+3</application> GUI, as the BLFS default.
    If you prefer otherwise, some modifications are mecessary. For
    modifications in the <command>configure</command> switches, see
    "Command Explanations".</para>

    <para>If you want to build a Qt GUI and have both
    <application>Qt4</application> and 5 installed, issue either:</para>

<screen><userinput>source setqt5</userinput></screen>

    <para>if you want the <application>Qt5</application> GUI built, or:</para>

<screen><userinput>source setqt4 &amp;&amp;
sed -i 's/Qt5 Qt/Qt/' configure</userinput></screen>

    <para>if you want the <application>Qt4</application> GUI built.</para>

    <para>Continue to install <application>Wireshark</application> by running
    the following commands:</para>

<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../wireshark-&wireshark-version;-lua_5_3_0-1.patch  &amp;&amp;

./configure --prefix=/usr     \
            --with-gtk3=yes   \
            --with-qt=no      \
            --sysconfdir=/etc &amp;&amp;
make</userinput></screen>

    <para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para>

    <para>Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>make install &amp;&amp;

install -v -m755 -d /usr/share/doc/wireshark-&wireshark-version; &amp;&amp;
install -v -m755 -d /usr/share/pixmaps/wireshark &amp;&amp;

install -v -m644    README{,.linux} doc/README.* doc/*.{pod,txt} \
                    /usr/share/doc/wireshark-&wireshark-version; &amp;&amp;

pushd /usr/share/doc/wireshark-&wireshark-version; &amp;&amp;
   for FILENAME in ../../wireshark/*.html; do
      ln -s -v -f $FILENAME .
   done &amp;&amp;
popd &amp;&amp;

install -v -m644 -D wireshark.desktop \
                    /usr/share/applications/wireshark.desktop &amp;&amp;

install -v -m644 -D image/wsicon48.png \
                    /usr/share/pixmaps/wireshark.png &amp;&amp;

install -v -m644    image/*.{png,ico,xpm,bmp} \
                    /usr/share/pixmaps/wireshark</userinput></screen>

    <para>If you downloaded any of the documentation files from the page
    listed in the 'Additional Downloads', install them by issuing the following
    commands as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m644 <replaceable>&lt;Downloaded_Files&gt;</replaceable> /usr/share/doc/wireshark-&wireshark-version;</userinput></screen>

  <para>Now, set ownership and permissions of sensitive applications to
  only allow authorized users.  As the <systemitem
  class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>chown -v root:wireshark /usr/bin/{tshark,dumpcap} &amp;&amp;
chmod -v 6550 /usr/bin/{tshark,dumpcap}</userinput></screen>

  <para>Finally, add any users to the wireshark group (as root user):</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>usermod -a -G wireshark &lt;username&gt;</userinput></screen>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="commands">
    <title>Command Explanations</title>

    <para><command>sed -i 's/Qt5 Qt/Qt/' ...</command>: This command is required
    because, without it, libraries and includes from
    <application>Qt5</application> are found and used first, if both versions
    are installed, when trying to build with <application>Qt4</application>,
    and <command>make</command> does not complete.</para>

    <para><option>--disable-wireshark</option>: This option is required if you
    have <application>GTK+</application> installed but do not want to build
    the GTK+ and Qt GUIs.</para>

    <para><parameter>--with-gtk3=yes</parameter>: This switch is required
    to use <application>GTK+3</application> for the GUI, if you are using
    <parameter>--with-qt=no</parameter>. Change gtk3 by gtk2,to use
    <application>GTK+3</application> for the GUI.</para>

    <para><parameter>--with-qt=no</parameter>: This switch disables build of
    the Qt GUI. Replace "no" by "yes", if you want it to be built.</para>

    <para><option>--with-gtk2=yes</option>: This option is required if you want
    to use <application>GTK+</application>2, instead of 3, for the GUI. Notice
    that the GUI for only one GTK+ version (either 2 or 3) can be built.</para>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="configuration">
    <title>Configuring Wireshark</title>

    <sect3 id="wireshark-config">
      <title>Config Files</title>

      <para><filename>/etc/wireshark.conf</filename> and
      <filename>~/.wireshark/*</filename></para>

      <indexterm zone="wireshark wireshark-config">
        <primary sortas="e-AA.wireshark-star">~/.wireshark/*</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm zone="wireshark wireshark-config">
        <primary sortas="e-etc-wireshark.conf">/etc/wireshark.conf</primary>
      </indexterm>

    </sect3>

    <sect3>
      <title>Configuration Information</title>

      <para>Though the default configuration parameters are very sane,
      reference the configuration section of the
      <ulink url="http://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html/">Wireshark User's
      Guide</ulink> for configuration information. Most of
      <application>Wireshark</application>'s configuration can be accomplished
      using the menu options of the <command>wireshark</command>
      graphical interfaces.</para>

    </sect3>

    <sect3>
      <title>Desktop file for the Qt GUI</title>

      <para>If Qt GUI was built and you wish an entry in the desktop menu,
      there are two possibilities (instructions must be run as root).</para>

      <para>If only the Qt GUI was built:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>mv -v /usr/share/applications/wireshark.desktop \
      /usr/share/applications/wireshark-qt.desktop</userinput></screen>

      <para>If both, GTK+ and Qt GUIs were built:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>cp -v /usr/share/applications/wireshark.desktop \
      /usr/share/applications/wireshark-qt.desktop</userinput></screen>

      <para>Now, fix it for <command>wireshark-qt</command>:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>sed -e 's/ireshark/&amp;-qt/' \
    -e 's/^\(Icon=wireshark\)-qt/\1/' \
    -i /usr/share/applications/wireshark-qt.desktop</userinput></screen>

      <note>
        <para>If you want to look at packets, make sure you don't filter
        them out with <xref linkend="iptables"/>. If you want to exclude
        certain classes of packets, it is more efficient to do it with
        <application>iptables</application> than it is with
        <application>Wireshark</application>.</para>
      </note>

    </sect3>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="content">
    <title>Contents</title>

    <segmentedlist>
      <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>

      <seglistitem>
        <seg>capinfos, captype, dftest, dumpcap, editcap, mergecap, randpkt,
        rawshark, reordercap, text2pcap, tshark,
        wireshark and wireshark-qt</seg>
        <seg>libfiletap.so, libwireshark.so, libwiretap.so, libwsutil.so, and
        numerous modules under /usr/lib/wireshark/plugins</seg>
        <seg>/usr/lib/wireshark, /usr/share/doc/wireshark-&wireshark-version;,
        /usr/share/pixmaps/wireshark, and /usr/share/wireshark</seg>
      </seglistitem>
    </segmentedlist>

    <variablelist>
      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>

      <varlistentry id="capinfos">
        <term><command>capinfos</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>reads a saved capture file and returns any or all of several
          statistics about that file. It is able to detect and read any capture
          supported by the <application>Wireshark</application> package.</para>
          <indexterm zone="wireshark capinfos">
            <primary sortas="b-capinfos">capinfos</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="captype">
        <term><command>captype</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>prints the file types of capture files.</para>
          <indexterm zone="wireshark captype">
            <primary sortas="b-captype">captype</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="dftest">
        <term><command>dftest</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a display-filter-compiler test program.</para>
          <indexterm zone="wireshark dftest">
            <primary sortas="b-dftest">dftest</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="dumpcap">
        <term><command>dumpcap</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a network traffic dump tool. It lets you capture packet data
          from a live network and write the packets to a file.</para>
          <indexterm zone="wireshark dumpcap">
            <primary sortas="b-dumpcap">dumpcap</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="editcap">
        <term><command>editcap</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>edits and/or translates the format of capture files. It knows
          how to read <application>libpcap</application> capture files,
          including those of <command>tcpdump</command>,
          <application>Wireshark</application> and other tools that write
          captures in that format.</para>
          <indexterm zone="wireshark editcap">
            <primary sortas="b-editcap">editcap</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="mergecap">
        <term><command>mergecap</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>combines multiple saved capture files into a single output
          file.</para>
          <indexterm zone="wireshark mergecap">
            <primary sortas="b-mergecap">mergecap</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="randpkt">
        <term><command>randpkt</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>creates random-packet capture files.</para>
          <indexterm zone="wireshark randpkt">
            <primary sortas="b-randpkt">randpkt</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="rawshark">
        <term><command>rawshark</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>dump and analyze raw libpcap data.</para>
          <indexterm zone="wireshark rawshark">
            <primary sortas="b-rawshark">rawshark</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="reordercap">
        <term><command>reordercap</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>reorder timestamps of input file frames into output file.</para>
          <indexterm zone="wireshark reordercap">
            <primary sortas="b-reordercap">reordercap</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="text2pcap">
        <term><command>text2pcap</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>reads in an ASCII hex dump and writes the
          data described into a <application>libpcap</application>-style
          capture file.</para>
          <indexterm zone="wireshark text2pcap">
            <primary sortas="b-text2pcap">text2pcap</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="tshark">
        <term><command>tshark</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a TTY-mode network protocol analyzer. It lets you capture
          packet data from a live network or read packets from a
          previously saved capture file.</para>
          <indexterm zone="wireshark tshark">
            <primary sortas="b-tshark">tshark</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="wireshark-prog">
        <term><command>wireshark</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is the GTK+ GUI network protocol analyzer. It lets you
          interactively browse packet data from a live network or from a
          previously saved capture file.</para>
          <indexterm zone="wireshark wireshark-prog">
            <primary sortas="b-wireshark">wireshark</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="wireshark-qt-prog">
        <term><command>wireshark-qt</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is the Qt GUI network protocol analyzer. It lets you
          interactively browse packet data from a live network or from a
          previously saved capture file.</para>
          <indexterm zone="wireshark wireshark-qt-prog">
            <primary sortas="b-wireshark-qt">wireshark-qt</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libwireshark">
        <term><filename class='libraryfile'>libwireshark.so</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>contains functions used by the
          <application>Wireshark</application> programs to perform filtering and
          packet capturing.</para>
          <indexterm zone="wireshark libwireshark">
            <primary sortas="c-libwireshark">libwireshark.so</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libwiretap">
        <term><filename class='libraryfile'>libwiretap.so</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a library being developed as a future replacement for
          <filename class='libraryfile'>libpcap</filename>, the current
          standard Unix library for packet capturing. For more information,
          see the <filename>README</filename> file in the source
          <filename class='directory'>wiretap</filename> directory.</para>
          <indexterm zone="wireshark libwiretap">
            <primary sortas="c-libwiretap">libwiretap.so</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

  </sect2>

</sect1>