1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="compressdoc" xreflabel="compressdoc">
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9 | <sect1info>
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10 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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11 | <date>$Date$</date>
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12 | </sect1info>
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13 | <?dbhtml filename="compressdoc.html"?>
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14 | <title>Compressing man and info pages</title>
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15 | <indexterm zone="compressdoc">
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16 | <primary sortas="b-compressdoc">compressdoc</primary></indexterm>
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17 |
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18 | <para>Man and info reader programs can transparently process gzip'ed or
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19 | bzip2'ed pages, a feature you can use to free some disk space while keeping
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20 | your documentation available. However, things are not that simple; man
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21 | directories tend to contain links—hard and symbolic—which defeat
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22 | simple ideas like recursively calling <command>gzip</command> on them. A
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23 | better way to go is to use the script below.
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24 | </para>
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25 |
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26 | <screen><userinput><command>cat > /usr/sbin/compressdoc << "EOF"</command>
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27 | #!/bin/bash
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28 | # VERSION: 20050112.0027
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29 | #
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30 | # Compress (with bzip2 or gzip) all man pages in a hierarchy and
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31 | # update symlinks - By Marc Heerdink <marc @ koelkast.net>
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32 | #
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33 | # Modified to be able to gzip or bzip2 files as an option and to deal
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34 | # with all symlinks properly by Mark Hymers <markh @ linuxfromscratch.org>
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35 | #
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36 | # Modified 20030930 by Yann E. Morin <yann.morin.1998 @ anciens.enib.fr>
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37 | # to accept compression/decompression, to correctly handle hard-links,
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38 | # to allow for changing hard-links into soft- ones, to specify the
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39 | # compression level, to parse the man.conf for all occurrences of MANPATH,
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40 | # to allow for a backup, to allow to keep the newest version of a page.
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41 | #
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42 | # Modified 20040330 by Tushar Teredesai to replace $0 by the name of the
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43 | # script.
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44 | # (Note: It is assumed that the script is in the user's PATH)
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45 | #
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46 | # Modified 20050112 by Randy McMurchy to shorten line lengths and
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47 | # correct grammar errors.
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48 | #
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49 | # TODO:
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50 | # - choose a default compress method to be based on the available
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51 | # tool : gzip or bzip2;
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52 | # - offer an option to automagically choose the best compression
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53 | # methed on a per page basis (eg. check which of
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54 | # gzip/bzip2/whatever is the most effective, page per page);
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55 | # - when a MANPATH env var exists, use this instead of /etc/man.conf
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56 | # (useful for users to (de)compress their man pages;
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57 | # - offer an option to restore a previous backup;
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58 | # - add other compression engines (compress, zip, etc?). Needed?
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59 |
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60 | # Funny enough, this function prints some help.
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61 | function help ()
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62 | {
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63 | if [ -n "$1" ]; then
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64 | echo "Unknown option : $1"
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65 | fi
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66 | ( echo "Usage: $MY_NAME <comp_method> [options] [dirs]" && \
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67 | cat << EOT
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68 | Where comp_method is one of :
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69 | --gzip, --gz, -g
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70 | --bzip2, --bz2, -b
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71 | Compress using gzip or bzip2.
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72 |
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73 | --decompress, -d
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74 | Decompress the man pages.
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75 |
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76 | --backup Specify a .tar backup shall be done for all directories.
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77 | In case a backup already exists, it is saved as .tar.old
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78 | prior to making the new backup. If a .tar.old backup
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79 | exists, it is removed prior to saving the backup.
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80 | In backup mode, no other action is performed.
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81 |
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82 | And where options are :
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83 | -1 to -9, --fast, --best
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84 | The compression level, as accepted by gzip and bzip2.
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85 | When not specified, uses the default compression level
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86 | for the given method (-6 for gzip, and -9 for bzip2).
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87 | Not used when in backup or decompress modes.
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88 |
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89 | --force, -F Force (re-)compression, even if the previous one was
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90 | the same method. Useful when changing the compression
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91 | ratio. By default, a page will not be re-compressed if
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92 | it ends with the same suffix as the method adds
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93 | (.bz2 for bzip2, .gz for gzip).
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94 |
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95 | --soft, -S Change hard-links into soft-links. Use with _caution_
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96 | as the first encountered file will be used as a
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97 | reference. Not used when in backup mode.
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98 |
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99 | --hard, -H Change soft-links into hard-links. Not used when in
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100 | backup mode.
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101 |
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102 | --conf=dir, --conf dir
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103 | Specify the location of man.conf. Defaults to /etc.
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104 |
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105 | --verbose, -v Verbose mode, print the name of the directory being
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106 | processed. Double the flag to turn it even more verbose,
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107 | and to print the name of the file being processed.
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108 |
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109 | --fake, -f Fakes it. Print the actual parameters compman will use.
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110 |
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111 | dirs A list of space-separated _absolute_ pathnames to the
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112 | man directories. When empty, and only then, parse
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113 | ${MAN_CONF}/man.conf for all occurrences of MANPATH.
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114 |
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115 | Note about compression:
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116 | There has been a discussion on blfs-support about compression ratios of
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117 | both gzip and bzip2 on man pages, taking into account the hosting fs,
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118 | the architecture, etc... On the overall, the conclusion was that gzip
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119 | was much more efficient on 'small' files, and bzip2 on 'big' files,
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120 | small and big being very dependent on the content of the files.
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121 |
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122 | See the original post from Mickael A. Peters, titled
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123 | "Bootable Utility CD", dated 20030409.1816(+0200), and subsequent posts:
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124 | http://linuxfromscratch.org/pipermail/blfs-support/2003-April/038817.html
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125 |
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126 | On my system (x86, ext3), man pages were 35564KB before compression.
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127 | gzip -9 compressed them down to 20372KB (57.28%), bzip2 -9 got down to
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128 | 19812KB (55.71%). That is a 1.57% gain in space. YMMV.
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129 |
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130 | What was not taken into consideration was the decompression speed. But
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131 | does it make sense to? You gain fast access with uncompressed man
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132 | pages, or you gain space at the expense of a slight overhead in time.
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133 | Well, my P4-2.5GHz does not even let me notice this... :-)
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134 |
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135 | EOT
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136 | ) | less
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137 | }
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138 |
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139 | # This function checks that the man page is unique amongst bzip2'd,
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140 | # gzip'd and uncompressed versions.
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141 | # $1 the directory in which the file resides
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142 | # $2 the file name for the man page
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143 | # Returns 0 (true) if the file is the latest and must be taken care of,
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144 | # and 1 (false) if the file is not the latest (and has therefore been
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145 | # deleted).
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146 | function check_unique ()
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147 | {
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148 | # NB. When there are hard-links to this file, these are
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149 | # _not_ deleted. In fact, if there are hard-links, they
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150 | # all have the same date/time, thus making them ready
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151 | # for deletion later on.
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152 |
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153 | # Build the list of all man pages with the same name
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154 | DIR=$1
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155 | BASENAME=`basename "${2}" .bz2`
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156 | BASENAME=`basename "${BASENAME}" .gz`
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157 | GZ_FILE="$BASENAME".gz
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158 | BZ_FILE="$BASENAME".bz2
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159 |
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160 | # Look for, and keep, the most recent one
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161 | LATEST=`(cd "$DIR"; ls -1rt "${BASENAME}" "${GZ_FILE}" "${BZ_FILE}" \
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162 | 2>/dev/null | tail -n 1)`
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163 | for i in "${BASENAME}" "${GZ_FILE}" "${BZ_FILE}"; do
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164 | [ "$LATEST" != "$i" ] && rm -f "$DIR"/"$i"
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165 | done
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166 |
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167 | # In case the specified file was the latest, return 0
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168 | [ "$LATEST" = "$2" ] && return 0
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169 | # If the file was not the latest, return 1
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170 | return 1
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171 | }
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172 |
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173 | # Name of the script
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174 | MY_NAME=`basename $0`
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175 |
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176 | # OK, parse the command-line for arguments, and initialize to some
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177 | # sensible state, that is: don't change links state, parse
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178 | # /etc/man.conf, be most silent, search man.conf in /etc, and don't
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179 | # force (re-)compression.
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180 | COMP_METHOD=
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181 | COMP_SUF=
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182 | COMP_LVL=
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183 | FORCE_OPT=
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184 | LN_OPT=
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185 | MAN_DIR=
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186 | VERBOSE_LVL=0
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187 | BACKUP=no
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188 | FAKE=no
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189 | MAN_CONF=/etc
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190 | while [ -n "$1" ]; do
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191 | case $1 in
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192 | --gzip|--gz|-g)
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193 | COMP_SUF=.gz
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194 | COMP_METHOD=$1
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195 | shift
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196 | ;;
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197 | --bzip2|--bz2|-b)
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198 | COMP_SUF=.bz2
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199 | COMP_METHOD=$1
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200 | shift
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201 | ;;
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202 | --decompress|-d)
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203 | COMP_SUF=
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204 | COMP_LVL=
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205 | COMP_METHOD=$1
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206 | shift
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207 | ;;
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208 | -[1-9]|--fast|--best)
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209 | COMP_LVL=$1
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210 | shift
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211 | ;;
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212 | --force|-F)
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213 | FORCE_OPT=-F
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214 | shift
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215 | ;;
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216 | --soft|-S)
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217 | LN_OPT=-S
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218 | shift
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219 | ;;
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220 | --hard|-H)
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221 | LN_OPT=-H
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222 | shift
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223 | ;;
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224 | --conf=*)
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225 | MAN_CONF=`echo $1 | cut -d '=' -f2-`
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226 | shift
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227 | ;;
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228 | --conf)
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229 | MAN_CONF="$2"
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230 | shift 2
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231 | ;;
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232 | --verbose|-v)
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233 | let VERBOSE_LVL++
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234 | shift
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235 | ;;
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236 | --backup)
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237 | BACKUP=yes
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238 | shift
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239 | ;;
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240 | --fake|-f)
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241 | FAKE=yes
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242 | shift
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243 | ;;
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244 | --help|-h)
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245 | help
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246 | exit 0
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247 | ;;
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248 | /*)
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249 | MAN_DIR="${MAN_DIR} ${1}"
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250 | shift
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251 | ;;
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252 | -*)
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253 | help $1
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254 | exit 1
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255 | ;;
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256 | *)
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257 | echo "\"$1\" is not an absolute path name"
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258 | exit 1
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259 | ;;
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260 | esac
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261 | done
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262 |
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263 | # Redirections
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264 | case $VERBOSE_LVL in
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265 | 0)
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266 | # O, be silent
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267 | DEST_FD0=/dev/null
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268 | DEST_FD1=/dev/null
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269 | VERBOSE_OPT=
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270 | ;;
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271 | 1)
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272 | # 1, be a bit verbose
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273 | DEST_FD0=/dev/stdout
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274 | DEST_FD1=/dev/null
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275 | VERBOSE_OPT=-v
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276 | ;;
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277 | *)
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278 | # 2 and above, be most verbose
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279 | DEST_FD0=/dev/stdout
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280 | DEST_FD1=/dev/stdout
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281 | VERBOSE_OPT="-v -v"
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282 | ;;
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283 | esac
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284 |
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285 | # Note: on my machine, 'man --path' gives /usr/share/man twice, once
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286 | # with a trailing '/', once without.
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287 | if [ -z "$MAN_DIR" ]; then
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288 | MAN_DIR=`man --path -C "$MAN_CONF"/man.conf \
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289 | | sed 's/:/\\n/g' \
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290 | | while read foo; do dirname "$foo"/.; done \
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291 | | sort -u \
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292 | | while read bar; do echo -n "$bar "; done`
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293 | fi
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294 |
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295 | # If no MANPATH in ${MAN_CONF}/man.conf, abort as well
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296 | if [ -z "$MAN_DIR" ]; then
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297 | echo "No directory specified, and no directory found with \`man --path'"
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298 | exit 1
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299 | fi
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300 |
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301 | # Fake?
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302 | if [ "$FAKE" != "no" ]; then
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303 | echo "Actual parameters used:"
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304 | echo -n "Compression.......: "
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305 | case $COMP_METHOD in
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306 | --bzip2|--bz2|-b) echo -n "bzip2";;
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307 | --gzip|__gz|-g) echo -n "gzip";;
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308 | --decompress|-d) echo -n "decompressing";;
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309 | *) echo -n "unknown";;
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310 | esac
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311 | echo " ($COMP_METHOD)"
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312 | echo "Compression level.: $COMP_LVL"
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313 | echo "Compression suffix: $COMP_SUF"
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314 | echo -n "Force compression.: "
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315 | [ "foo$FORCE_OPT" = "foo-F" ] && echo "yes" || echo "no"
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316 | echo "man.conf is.......: ${MAN_CONF}/man.conf"
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317 | echo -n "Hard-links........: "
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318 | [ "foo$LN_OPT" = "foo-S" ] &&
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319 | echo "convert to soft-links" || echo "leave as is"
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320 | echo -n "Soft-links........: "
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321 | [ "foo$LN_OPT" = "foo-H" ] &&
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322 | echo "convert to hard-links" || echo "leave as is"
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323 | echo "Backup............: $BACKUP"
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324 | echo "Faking (yes!).....: $FAKE"
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325 | echo "Directories.......: $MAN_DIR"
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326 | echo "Verbosity level...: $VERBOSE_LVL"
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327 | exit 0
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328 | fi
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329 |
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330 | # If no method was specified, print help
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331 | if [ -z "${COMP_METHOD}" -a "${BACKUP}" = "no" ]; then
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332 | help
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333 | exit 1
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334 | fi
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335 |
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336 | # In backup mode, do the backup solely
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337 | if [ "$BACKUP" = "yes" ]; then
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338 | for DIR in $MAN_DIR; do
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339 | cd "${DIR}/.."
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340 | DIR_NAME=`basename "${DIR}"`
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341 | echo "Backing up $DIR..." > $DEST_FD0
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342 | [ -f "${DIR_NAME}.tar.old" ] && rm -f "${DIR_NAME}.tar.old"
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343 | [ -f "${DIR_NAME}.tar" ] &&
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344 | mv "${DIR_NAME}.tar" "${DIR_NAME}.tar.old"
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345 | tar cfv "${DIR_NAME}.tar" "${DIR_NAME}" > $DEST_FD1
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346 | done
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347 | exit 0
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348 | fi
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349 |
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350 | # I know MAN_DIR has only absolute path names
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351 | # I need to take into account the localized man, so I'm going recursive
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352 | for DIR in $MAN_DIR; do
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353 | MEM_DIR=`pwd`
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354 | cd "$DIR"
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355 | for FILE in *; do
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356 | # Fixes the case were the directory is empty
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357 | if [ "foo$FILE" = "foo*" ]; then continue; fi
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358 |
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359 | # Fixes the case when hard-links see their compression scheme change
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360 | # (from not compressed to compressed, or from bz2 to gz, or from gz
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361 | # to bz2)
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362 | # Also fixes the case when multiple version of the page are present,
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363 | # which are either compressed or not.
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364 | if [ ! -L "$FILE" -a ! -e "$FILE" ]; then continue; fi
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365 |
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366 | # Do not compress whatis files
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367 | if [ "$FILE" = "whatis" ]; then continue; fi
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368 |
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369 | if [ -d "$FILE" ]; then
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370 | cd "${MEM_DIR}" # Go back to where we ran "$0",
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371 | # in case "$0"=="./compressdoc" ...
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372 | # We are going recursive to that directory
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373 | echo "-> Entering ${DIR}/${FILE}..." > $DEST_FD0
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374 | # I need not pass --conf, as I specify the directory to work on
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375 | # But I need exit in case of error
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376 | "$MY_NAME" ${COMP_METHOD} ${COMP_LVL} ${LN_OPT} ${VERBOSE_OPT}
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377 | ${FORCE_OPT} "${DIR}/${FILE}" || exit 1
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378 | echo "<- Leaving ${DIR}/${FILE}." > $DEST_FD1
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379 | cd "$DIR" # Needed for the next iteration of the loop
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380 |
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381 | else # !dir
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382 | if ! check_unique "$DIR" "$FILE"; then continue; fi
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383 |
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384 | # Check if the file is already compressed with the specified method
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385 | BASE_FILE=`basename "$FILE" .gz`
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386 | BASE_FILE=`basename "$BASE_FILE" .bz2`
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387 | if [ "${FILE}" = "${BASE_FILE}${COMP_SUF}" \
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388 | -a "foo${FORCE_OPT}" = "foo" ]; then continue; fi
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389 |
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390 | # If we have a symlink
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391 | if [ -h "$FILE" ]; then
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392 | case "$FILE" in
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393 | *.bz2)
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394 | EXT=bz2 ;;
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395 | *.gz)
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396 | EXT=gz ;;
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397 | *)
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398 | EXT=none ;;
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399 | esac
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400 |
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401 | if [ ! "$EXT" = "none" ]; then
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402 | LINK=`ls -l "$FILE" | cut -d ">" -f2 \
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403 | | tr -d " " | sed s/\.$EXT$//`
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404 | NEWNAME=`echo "$FILE" | sed s/\.$EXT$//`
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405 | mv "$FILE" "$NEWNAME"
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406 | FILE="$NEWNAME"
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407 | else
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408 | LINK=`ls -l "$FILE" | cut -d ">" -f2 | tr -d " "`
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409 | fi
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410 |
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411 | if [ "$LN_OPT" = "-H" ]; then
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412 | # Change this soft-link into a hard- one
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413 | rm -f "$FILE" && ln "${LINK}$COMP_SUF" "${FILE}$COMP_SUF"
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414 | chmod --reference "${LINK}$COMP_SUF" "${FILE}$COMP_SUF"
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415 | else
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416 | # Keep this soft-link a soft- one.
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417 | rm -f "$FILE" && ln -s "${LINK}$COMP_SUF" "${FILE}$COMP_SUF"
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418 | fi
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419 | echo "Relinked $FILE" > $DEST_FD1
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420 |
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421 | # else if we have a plain file
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422 | elif [ -f "$FILE" ]; then
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423 | # Take care of hard-links: build the list of files hard-linked
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424 | # to the one we are {de,}compressing.
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425 | # NB. This is not optimum has the file will eventually be
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426 | # compressed as many times it has hard-links. But for now,
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427 | # that's the safe way.
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428 | inode=`ls -li "$FILE" | awk '{print $1}'`
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429 | HLINKS=`find . \! -name "$FILE" -inum $inode`
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430 |
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431 | if [ -n "$HLINKS" ]; then
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432 | # We have hard-links! Remove them now.
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433 | for i in $HLINKS; do rm -f "$i"; done
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434 | fi
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435 |
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436 | # Now take care of the file that has no hard-link
|
---|
437 | # We do decompress first to re-compress with the selected
|
---|
438 | # compression ratio later on...
|
---|
439 | case "$FILE" in
|
---|
440 | *.bz2)
|
---|
441 | bunzip2 $FILE
|
---|
442 | FILE=`basename "$FILE" .bz2`
|
---|
443 | ;;
|
---|
444 | *.gz)
|
---|
445 | gunzip $FILE
|
---|
446 | FILE=`basename "$FILE" .gz`
|
---|
447 | ;;
|
---|
448 | esac
|
---|
449 |
|
---|
450 | # Compress the file with the given compression ratio, if needed
|
---|
451 | case $COMP_SUF in
|
---|
452 | *bz2)
|
---|
453 | bzip2 ${COMP_LVL} "$FILE" && chmod 644 "${FILE}${COMP_SUF}"
|
---|
454 | echo "Compressed $FILE" > $DEST_FD1
|
---|
455 | ;;
|
---|
456 | *gz)
|
---|
457 | gzip ${COMP_LVL} "$FILE" && chmod 644 "${FILE}${COMP_SUF}"
|
---|
458 | echo "Compressed $FILE" > $DEST_FD1
|
---|
459 | ;;
|
---|
460 | *)
|
---|
461 | echo "Uncompressed $FILE" > $DEST_FD1
|
---|
462 | ;;
|
---|
463 | esac
|
---|
464 |
|
---|
465 | # If the file had hard-links, recreate those (either hard or soft)
|
---|
466 | if [ -n "$HLINKS" ]; then
|
---|
467 | for i in $HLINKS; do
|
---|
468 | NEWFILE=`echo "$i" | sed s/\.gz$// | sed s/\.bz2$//`
|
---|
469 | if [ "$LN_OPT" = "-S" ]; then
|
---|
470 | # Make this hard-link a soft- one
|
---|
471 | ln -s "${FILE}$COMP_SUF" "${NEWFILE}$COMP_SUF"
|
---|
472 | else
|
---|
473 | # Keep the hard-link a hard- one
|
---|
474 | ln "${FILE}$COMP_SUF" "${NEWFILE}$COMP_SUF"
|
---|
475 | fi
|
---|
476 | # Really work only for hard-links. Harmless for soft-links
|
---|
477 | chmod 644 "${NEWFILE}$COMP_SUF"
|
---|
478 | done
|
---|
479 | fi
|
---|
480 |
|
---|
481 | else
|
---|
482 | # There is a problem when we get neither a symlink nor a plain
|
---|
483 | # file. Obviously, we shall never ever come here... :-(
|
---|
484 | echo -n "Whaooo... \"${DIR}/${FILE}\" is neither a symlink "
|
---|
485 | echo "nor a plain file. Please check:"
|
---|
486 | ls -l "${DIR}/${FILE}"
|
---|
487 | exit 1
|
---|
488 | fi
|
---|
489 | fi
|
---|
490 | done # for FILE
|
---|
491 | done # for DIR
|
---|
492 |
|
---|
493 | <command>EOF
|
---|
494 | chmod 755 /usr/sbin/compressdoc</command></userinput></screen>
|
---|
495 |
|
---|
496 | <para>Now, as root, you can issue a
|
---|
497 | <command>compressdoc --bz2</command> to compress all your system man
|
---|
498 | pages. You can also run <command>compressdoc --help</command> to get
|
---|
499 | comprehensive help about what the script is able to do.</para>
|
---|
500 |
|
---|
501 | <para> Don't forget that a few programs, like the <application>X</application>
|
---|
502 | Window System and <application>XEmacs</application> also install their
|
---|
503 | documentation in non standard places (such as
|
---|
504 | <filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/man</filename>, etc...). Be sure to add
|
---|
505 | these locations to the file <filename>/etc/man.conf</filename>, as a
|
---|
506 | <envar>MANPATH</envar>=<replaceable>[/path]</replaceable> section.</para>
|
---|
507 |
|
---|
508 | <para> Example:</para>
|
---|
509 |
|
---|
510 | <screen><userinput> ...
|
---|
511 | MANPATH=/usr/share/man
|
---|
512 | MANPATH=/usr/local/man
|
---|
513 | MANPATH=/usr/X11R6/man
|
---|
514 | MANPATH=/opt/qt/doc/man
|
---|
515 | ...</userinput></screen>
|
---|
516 |
|
---|
517 | <para>Generally, package installation systems do not compress man/info pages,
|
---|
518 | which means you will need to run the script again if you want to keep the size
|
---|
519 | of your documentation as small as possible. Also, note that running the script
|
---|
520 | after upgrading a package is safe; when you have several versions of a page
|
---|
521 | (for example, one compressed and one uncompressed), the most recent one is kept
|
---|
522 | and the others deleted.</para>
|
---|
523 |
|
---|
524 | </sect1>
|
---|
525 |
|
---|