1 | <sect1 id="postlfs-config-compressdoc" xreflabel="compressdoc">
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2 | <?dbhtml filename="compressdoc.html" dir="postlfs"?>
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3 | <title>Compressing man and info pages</title>
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4 |
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5 | <para>Man and info reader programs can transparently process gzip'ed or
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6 | bzip2'ed pages, a feature you can use to free some disk space while keeping
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7 | your documentation available. However, things are not that simple: man
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8 | directories tend to contain links - hard and symbolic - which defeat simple
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9 | ideas like recursively calling <command>gzip</command> on them. A better way
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10 | to go is to use the script below.
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11 | </para>
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12 |
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13 | <screen><userinput><command>cat > /usr/bin/compressdoc << "EOF"</command>
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14 | #!/bin/bash
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15 | # VERSION: 20031009.1920
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16 | #
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17 | # Compress (with bzip2 or gzip) all man pages in a hierarchy and
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18 | # update symlinks - By Marc Heerdink <marc @ koelkast.net>
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19 | # Modified to be able to gzip or bzip2 files as an option and to deal
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20 | # with all symlinks properly by Mark Hymers <markh @ linuxfromscratch.org>
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21 | #
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22 | # Modified 20030930 by Yann E. Morin <yann.morin.1998 @ anciens.enib.fr>
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23 | # to accept compression/decompression, to correctly handle hard-links,
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24 | # to allow for changing hard-links into soft- ones, to specify the
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25 | # compression level, to parse the man.conf for all occurrences of MANPATH,
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26 | # to allow for a backup, to allow to keep the newest version of a page.
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27 | #
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28 | # TODO:
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29 | # - choose a default compress method to be based on the available
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30 | # tool : gzip or bzip2;
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31 | # - when a MANPATH env var exists, use this instead of /etc/man.conf
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32 | # (useful for users to (de)compress their man pages;
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33 | # - offer an option to restore a previous backup;
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34 | # - add other compression engines (compress, zip, etc?). Needed?
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35 |
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36 | # Funny enough, this function prints some help.
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37 | function help ()
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38 | {
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39 | if [ -n "$1" ]; then
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40 | echo "Unknown option : $1"
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41 | fi
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42 | ( echo "Usage: $0 <comp_method> [options] [dirs]" && \
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43 | cat << EOT
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44 | Where comp_method is one of :
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45 | --gzip, --gz, -g
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46 | --bzip2, --bz2, -b
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47 | Compress using gzip or bzip2.
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48 |
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49 | --decompress, -d
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50 | Decompress the man pages.
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51 |
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52 | --backup Specify a .tar backup shall be done for every directories.
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53 | In case a backup already exists, it is saved as .tar.old prior
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54 | to making the new backup. If an .tar.old backup exist, it is
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55 | removed prior to saving the backup.
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56 | In backup mode, no other action is performed.
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57 |
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58 | And where options are :
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59 | -1 to -9, --fast, --best
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60 | The compression level, as accepted by gzip and bzip2. When not
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61 | specified, uses the default compression level for the given
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62 | method (-6 for gzip, and -9 for bzip2). Not used when in backup
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63 | or decompress modes.
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64 |
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65 | --force, -F Force (re-)compression, even if the previous one was the same
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66 | method. Useful when changing the compression ratio. By default,
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67 | a page will not be re-compressed if it ends with the same suffix
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68 | as the method adds (.bz2 for bzip2, .gz for gzip).
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69 |
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70 | --soft, -S Change hard-links into soft-links. Use with _caution_ as the
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71 | first encountered file will be used as a reference. Not used
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72 | when in backup mode.
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73 |
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74 | --hard, -H Change soft-links into hard-links. Not used when in backup mode.
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75 |
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76 | --conf=dir, --conf dir
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77 | Specify the location of man.conf. Defaults to /etc.
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78 |
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79 | --verbose, -v Verbose mode, print the name of the directory being processed.
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80 | Double the flag to turn it even more verbose, and to print the
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81 | name of the file being processed.
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82 |
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83 | --fake, -f Fakes it. Print the actual parameters compman will use.
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84 |
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85 | dirs A list of space-separated _absolute_ pathname to the man
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86 | directories.
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87 | When empty, and only then, parse ${MAN_CONF}/man.conf for all
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88 | occurrences of MANPATH.
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89 |
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90 | Note about compression
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91 | There has been a discussion on blfs-support about compression ratios of
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92 | both gzip and bzip2 on man pages, taking into account the hosting fs,
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93 | the architecture, etc... On the overall, the conclusion was that gzip
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94 | was much efficient on 'small' files, and bzip2 on 'big' files, small and
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95 | big being very dependent on the content of the files.
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96 |
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97 | See the original post from Mickael A. Peters, titled "Bootable Utility CD",
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98 | and dated 20030409.1816(+0200), and subsequent posts:
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99 | http://linuxfromscratch.org/pipermail/blfs-support/2003-April/038817.html
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100 |
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101 | On my system (x86, ext3), man pages were 35564kiB before compression. gzip -9
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102 | compressed them down to 20372kiB (57.28%), bzip2 -9 got down to 19812kiB
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103 | (55.71%). That is a 1.57% gain in space. YMMV.
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104 |
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105 | What was not taken into consideration was the decompression speed. But does
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106 | it make sense to? You gain fast access with uncompressed man pages, or you
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107 | gain space at the expense of a slight overhead in time. Well, my P4-2.5GHz
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108 | does not even let me notice this... :-)
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109 | EOT
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110 | ) | less
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111 | }
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112 |
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113 | # This function checks that the man page is unique amongst bzip2'd, gzip'd and
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114 | # uncompressed versions.
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115 | # $1 the directory in which the file resides
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116 | # $2 the file name for the man page
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117 | # Returns 0 (true) if the file is the latest and must be taken care of, and 1
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118 | # (false) if the file is not the latest (and has therefore been deleted).
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119 | function check_unique ()
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120 | {
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121 | # NB. When there are hard-links to this file, these are
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122 | # _not_ deleted. In fact, if there are hard-links, they
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123 | # all have the same date/time, thus making them ready
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124 | # for deletion later on.
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125 |
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126 | # Build the list of all man pages with the same name
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127 | DIR=$1
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128 | BASENAME=`basename "${2}" .bz2`
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129 | BASENAME=`basename "${BASENAME}" .gz`
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130 | GZ_FILE="$BASENAME".bz2
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131 | BZ_FILE="$BASENAME".bz2
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132 |
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133 | # Look for, and keep, the most recent one
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134 | LATEST=`(cd "$DIR"; ls -1rt "${BASENAME}" "${GZ_FILE}" "${BZ_FILE}" 2>/dev/null | tail -1)`
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135 | for i in "${BASENAME}" "${GZ_FILE}".gz "${BZ_FILE}".bz2; do
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136 | [ "$LATEST" != "$i" ] && rm -f "$DIR"/"$i"
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137 | done
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138 |
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139 | # In case the specified file was the latest, return 0
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140 | [ "$LATEST" = "$2" ] && return 0
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141 | # If the file was not the latest, return 1
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142 | return 1
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143 | }
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144 |
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145 | # OK, parse the command-line for arguments, and initialize to some sensible
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146 | # state, that is : don't change links state, parse /etc/man.conf, be most
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147 | # silent, search man.conf in /etc, and don't force (re-)compression.
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148 | COMP_METHOD=
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149 | COMP_SUF=
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150 | COMP_LVL=
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151 | FORCE_OPT=
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152 | LN_OPT=
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153 | MAN_DIR=
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154 | VERBOSE_LVL=0
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155 | BACKUP=no
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156 | FAKE=no
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157 | MAN_CONF=/etc
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158 | while [ -n "$1" ]; do
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159 | case $1 in
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160 | --gzip|--gz|-g)
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161 | COMP_SUF=.gz
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162 | COMP_METHOD=$1
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163 | shift
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164 | ;;
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165 | --bzip2|--bz2|-b)
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166 | COMP_SUF=.bz2
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167 | COMP_METHOD=$1
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168 | shift
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169 | ;;
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170 | --decompress|-d)
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171 | COMP_SUF=
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172 | COMP_LVL=
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173 | COMP_METHOD=$1
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174 | shift
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175 | ;;
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176 | -[1-9]|--fast|--best)
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177 | COMP_LVL=$1
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178 | shift
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179 | ;;
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180 | --force|-F)
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181 | FORCE_OPT=-F
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182 | shift
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183 | ;;
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184 | --soft|-S)
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185 | LN_OPT=-S
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186 | shift
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187 | ;;
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188 | --hard|-H)
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189 | LN_OPT=-H
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190 | shift
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191 | ;;
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192 | --conf=*)
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193 | MAN_CONF=`echo $1 | cut -d '=' -f2-`
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194 | shift
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195 | ;;
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196 | --conf)
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197 | MAN_CONF="$2"
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198 | shift 2
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199 | ;;
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200 | --verbose|-v)
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201 | let VERBOSE_LVL++
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202 | shift
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203 | ;;
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204 | --backup)
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205 | BACKUP=yes
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206 | shift
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207 | ;;
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208 | --fake|-f)
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209 | FAKE=yes
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210 | shift
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211 | ;;
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212 | --help|-h)
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213 | help
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214 | exit 0
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215 | ;;
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216 | /*)
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217 | MAN_DIR="${MAN_DIR} ${1}"
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218 | shift
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219 | ;;
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220 | -*)
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221 | help $1
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222 | exit 1
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223 | ;;
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224 | *)
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225 | echo "\"$1\" is not an absolute path name"
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226 | exit 1
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227 | ;;
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228 | esac
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229 | done
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230 |
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231 | # Redirections
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232 | case $VERBOSE_LVL in
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233 | 0)
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234 | # O, be silent
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235 | DEST_FD0=/dev/null
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236 | DEST_FD1=/dev/null
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237 | VERBOSE_OPT=
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238 | ;;
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239 | 1)
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240 | # 1, be a bit verbose
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241 | DEST_FD0=/dev/stdout
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242 | DEST_FD1=/dev/null
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243 | VERBOSE_OPT=-v
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244 | ;;
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245 | *)
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246 | # 2 and above, be most verbose
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247 | DEST_FD0=/dev/stdout
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248 | DEST_FD1=/dev/stdout
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249 | VERBOSE_OPT="-v -v"
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250 | ;;
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251 | esac
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252 |
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253 | # Note: on my machine, 'man --path' gives /usr/share/man twice, once with a trailing '/', once without.
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254 | if [ -z "$MAN_DIR" ]; then
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255 | MAN_DIR=`man --path -C "$MAN_CONF"/man.conf \
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256 | | sed 's/:/\\n/g' \
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257 | | while read foo; do dirname "$foo"/.; done \
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258 | | sort -u \
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259 | | while read bar; do echo -n "$bar "; done`
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260 | fi
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261 |
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262 | # If no MANPATH in ${MAN_CONF}/man.conf, abort as well
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263 | if [ -z "$MAN_DIR" ]; then
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264 | echo "No directory specified, and no directory found with \`man --path'"
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265 | exit 1
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266 | fi
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267 |
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268 | # Fake?
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269 | if [ "$FAKE" != "no" ]; then
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270 | echo "Actual parameters used:"
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271 | echo -n "Compression.......: "
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272 | case $COMP_METHOD in
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273 | --bzip2|--bz2|-b) echo -n "bzip2";;
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274 | --gzip|__gz|-g) echo -n "gzip";;
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275 | --decompress|-d) echo -n "decompressing";;
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276 | *) echo -n "unknown";;
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277 | esac
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278 | echo " ($COMP_METHOD)"
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279 | echo "Compression level.: $COMP_LVL"
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280 | echo "Compression suffix: $COMP_SUF"
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281 | echo -n "Force compression.: "
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282 | [ "foo$FORCE_OPT" = "foo-F" ] && echo "yes" || echo "no"
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283 | echo "man.conf is.......: ${MAN_CONF}/man.conf"
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284 | echo -n "Hard-links........: "
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285 | [ "foo$LN_OPT" = "foo-S" ] && echo "convert to soft-links" || echo "leave as is"
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286 | echo -n "Soft-links........: "
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287 | [ "foo$LN_OPT" = "foo-H" ] && echo "convert to hard-links" || echo "leave as is"
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288 | echo "Backup............: $BACKUP"
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289 | echo "Faking (yes!).....: $FAKE"
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290 | echo "Directories.......: $MAN_DIR"
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291 | echo "Verbosity level...: $VERBOSE_LVL"
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292 | exit 0
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293 | fi
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294 |
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295 | # If no method was specified, print help
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296 | if [ -z "${COMP_METHOD}" -a "${BACKUP}" = "no" ]; then
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297 | help
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298 | exit 1
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299 | fi
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300 |
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301 | # In backup mode, do the backup solely
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302 | if [ "$BACKUP" = "yes" ]; then
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303 | for DIR in $MAN_DIR; do
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304 | cd "${DIR}/.."
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305 | DIR_NAME=`basename "${DIR}"`
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306 | echo "Backing up $DIR..." > $DEST_FD0
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307 | [ -f "${DIR_NAME}.tar.old" ] && rm -f "${DIR_NAME}.tar.old"
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308 | [ -f "${DIR_NAME}.tar" ] && mv "${DIR_NAME}.tar" "${DIR_NAME}.tar.old"
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309 | tar cfv "${DIR_NAME}.tar" "${DIR_NAME}" > $DEST_FD1
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310 | done
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311 | exit 0
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312 | fi
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313 |
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314 | # I know MAN_DIR has only absolute path names
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315 | # I need to take into account the localized man, so I'm going recursive
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316 | for DIR in $MAN_DIR; do
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317 | MEM_DIR=`pwd`
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318 | cd "$DIR"
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319 | for FILE in *; do
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320 | # Fixes the case were the directory is empty
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321 | if [ "foo$FILE" = "foo*" ]; then continue; fi
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322 |
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323 | # Fixes the case when hard-links see their compression scheme change
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324 | # (from not compressed to compressed, or from bz2 to gz, or from gz to bz2)
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325 | # Also fixes the case when multiple version of the page are present, which
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326 | # are either compressed or not.
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327 | if [ ! -L "$FILE" -a ! -e "$FILE" ]; then continue; fi
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328 |
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329 | if [ -d "$FILE" ]; then
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330 | cd "${MEM_DIR}" # Go back to where we ran "$0", in case "$0"=="./compressdoc" ...
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331 | # We are going recursive to that directory
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332 | echo "-> Entering ${DIR}/${FILE}..." > $DEST_FD0
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333 | # I need not pass --conf, as I specify the directory to work on
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334 | # But I need exit in case of error
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335 | "$0" ${COMP_METHOD} ${COMP_LVL} ${LN_OPT} ${VERBOSE_OPT} ${FORCE_OPT} "${DIR}/${FILE}" || exit 1
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336 | echo "<- Leaving ${DIR}/${FILE}." > $DEST_FD1
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337 | cd "$DIR" # Needed for the next iteration of the loop
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338 |
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339 | else # !dir
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340 | if ! check_unique "$DIR" "$FILE"; then continue; fi
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341 |
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342 | # Check if the file is already compressed with the specified method
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343 | BASE_FILE=`basename "$FILE" .gz`
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344 | BASE_FILE=`basename "$FILE" .bz2`
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345 | if [ "${FILE}" = "${BASE_FILE}${COMP_SUF}" -a "foo${FORCE_OPT}" = "foo" ]; then continue; fi
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346 |
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347 | # If we have a symlink
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348 | if [ -h "$FILE" ]; then
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349 | case "$FILE" in
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350 | *.bz2)
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351 | EXT=bz2 ;;
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352 | *.gz)
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353 | EXT=gz ;;
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354 | *)
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355 | EXT=none ;;
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356 | esac
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357 |
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358 | if [ ! "$EXT" = "none" ]; then
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359 | LINK=`ls -l "$FILE" | cut -d ">" -f2 | tr -d " " | sed s/\.$EXT$//`
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360 | NEWNAME=`echo "$FILE" | sed s/\.$EXT$//`
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361 | mv "$FILE" "$NEWNAME"
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362 | FILE="$NEWNAME"
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363 | else
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364 | LINK=`ls -l "$FILE" | cut -d ">" -f2 | tr -d " "`
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365 | fi
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366 |
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367 | if [ "$LN_OPT" = "-H" ]; then
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368 | # Change this soft-link into a hard- one
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369 | rm -f "$FILE" && ln "${LINK}$COMP_SUF" "${FILE}$COMP_SUF"
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370 | chmod --reference "${LINK}$COMP_SUF" "${FILE}$COMP_SUF"
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371 | else
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372 | # Keep this soft-link a soft- one.
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373 | rm -f "$FILE" && ln -s "${LINK}$COMP_SUF" "${FILE}$COMP_SUF"
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374 | fi
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375 | echo "Relinked $FILE" > $DEST_FD1
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376 |
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377 | # else if we have a plain file
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378 | elif [ -f "$FILE" ]; then
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379 | # Take care of hard-links: build the list of files hard-linked
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380 | # to the one we are {de,}compressing.
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381 | # NB. This is not optimum has the file will eventually be compressed
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382 | # as many times it has hard-links. But for now, that's the safe way.
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383 | inode=`ls -li "$FILE" | awk '{print $1}'`
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384 | HLINKS=`find . \! -name "$FILE" -inum $inode`
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385 |
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386 | if [ -n "$HLINKS" ]; then
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387 | # We have hard-links! Remove them now.
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388 | for i in $HLINKS; do rm -f "$i"; done
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389 | fi
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390 |
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391 | # Now take care of the file that has no hard-link
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392 | # We do decompress first to re-compress with the selected
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393 | # compression ratio later on...
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394 | case "$FILE" in
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395 | *.bz2)
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396 | bunzip2 $FILE
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397 | FILE=`basename "$FILE" .bz2`
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398 | ;;
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399 | *.gz)
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400 | gunzip $FILE
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401 | FILE=`basename "$FILE" .gz`
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402 | ;;
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403 | esac
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404 |
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405 | # Compress the file with the given compression ratio, if needed
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406 | case $COMP_SUF in
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407 | *bz2)
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408 | bzip2 ${COMP_LVL} "$FILE" && chmod 644 "${FILE}${COMP_SUF}"
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409 | echo "Compressed $FILE" > $DEST_FD1
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410 | ;;
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411 | *gz)
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412 | gzip ${COMP_LVL} "$FILE" && chmod 644 "${FILE}${COMP_SUF}"
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413 | echo "Compressed $FILE" > $DEST_FD1
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414 | ;;
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415 | *)
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416 | echo "Uncompressed $FILE" > $DEST_FD1
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417 | ;;
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418 | esac
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419 |
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420 | # If the file had hard-links, recreate those (either hard or soft)
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421 | if [ -n "$HLINKS" ]; then
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422 | for i in $HLINKS; do
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423 | NEWFILE=`echo "$i" | sed s/\.gz$// | sed s/\.bz2$//`
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424 | if [ "$LN_OPT" = "-S" ]; then
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425 | # Make this hard-link a soft- one
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426 | ln -s "${FILE}$COMP_SUF" "${NEWFILE}$COMP_SUF"
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427 | else
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428 | # Keep the hard-link a hard- one
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429 | ln "${FILE}$COMP_SUF" "${NEWFILE}$COMP_SUF"
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430 | fi
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431 | chmod 644 "${NEWFILE}$COMP_SUF" # Really work only for hard-links. Harmless for soft-links
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432 | done
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433 | fi
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434 |
|
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435 | else
|
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436 | # There is a problem when we get neither a symlink nor a plain file
|
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437 | # Obviously, we shall never ever come here... :-(
|
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438 | echo "Whaooo... \"${DIR}/${FILE}\" is neither a symlink nor a plain file. Please check:"
|
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439 | ls -l "${DIR}/${FILE}"
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440 | exit 1
|
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441 | fi
|
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442 | fi
|
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443 | done # for FILE
|
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444 | done # for DIR
|
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445 | <command>EOF
|
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446 | chmod 755 /usr/bin/compressdoc</command></userinput></screen>
|
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447 |
|
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448 | <para>Now, as root, you can issue a
|
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449 | <command>/usr/bin/compressdoc --bz2</command> to compress all your system man
|
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450 | pages. You can also run <command>/usr/bin/compressdoc --help</command> to get
|
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451 | a comprehensive help about what the script is able to do.</para>
|
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452 |
|
---|
453 | <para> Don't forget that a few programs, like the <application>X</application>
|
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454 | Window system, <application>XEmacs</application>, also install their
|
---|
455 | documentation in non standard places (such as <filename class="directory">
|
---|
456 | /usr/X11R6/man</filename>, etc...). Don't forget to add those locations in the
|
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457 | file <filename>/etc/man.conf</filename>, as a
|
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458 | <envar>MANPATH</envar>=<replaceable>/path</replaceable> section.</para>
|
---|
459 | <para> Example:<screen><userinput>
|
---|
460 | ...
|
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461 | MANPATH=/usr/share/man
|
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462 | MANPATH=/usr/local/man
|
---|
463 | MANPATH=/usr/X11R6/man
|
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464 | MANPATH=/opt/qt/doc/man
|
---|
465 | ...</userinput></screen></para>
|
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466 |
|
---|
467 | <para>Generally, package installation systems do not compress man/info pages,
|
---|
468 | which means you will need to run the script again if you want to keep the size
|
---|
469 | of your documentation as small as possible. Also, note that running the script
|
---|
470 | after upgrading a package is safe: when you have several versions of a page
|
---|
471 | (for example, one compressed and one uncompressed), the most recent one is kept
|
---|
472 | and the others deleted.</para>
|
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473 |
|
---|
474 | </sect1>
|
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475 |
|
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