[f8d632ac] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
---|
[ff769b8c] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
|
---|
| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
|
---|
[f8d632ac] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
|
---|
| 5 | %general-entities;
|
---|
| 6 | ]>
|
---|
| 7 |
|
---|
[78b3cd61] | 8 | <sect1 id="postlfs-config-profile" xreflabel="The Bash Shell Startup Files">
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 9 | <?dbhtml filename="profile.html"?>
|
---|
| 10 |
|
---|
| 11 | <sect1info>
|
---|
| 12 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
|
---|
| 13 | <date>$Date$</date>
|
---|
| 14 | </sect1info>
|
---|
| 15 |
|
---|
| 16 | <title>The Bash Shell Startup Files</title>
|
---|
| 17 |
|
---|
| 18 | <para>The shell program <filename>/bin/bash</filename> (hereafter
|
---|
| 19 | referred to as just "the shell") uses a collection of startup files to
|
---|
| 20 | help create an environment. Each file has a specific use and
|
---|
| 21 | may affect login and interactive environments differently. The files in
|
---|
[384039a] | 22 | the <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> directory generally provide
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 23 | global settings. If an equivalent file exists in your home directory it may
|
---|
| 24 | override the global settings.</para>
|
---|
| 25 |
|
---|
| 26 | <para>An interactive login shell is started after a successful login, using
|
---|
[384039a] | 27 | <filename>/bin/login</filename>, by reading the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>
|
---|
| 28 | file. This shell invocation normally reads <filename>/etc/profile</filename>
|
---|
| 29 | and its private equivalent <filename>~/.bash_profile</filename> upon
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 30 | startup.</para>
|
---|
| 31 |
|
---|
| 32 | <para>An interactive non-login shell is normally started at the command-line
|
---|
[ba0deaad] | 33 | using a shell program (e.g.,
|
---|
| 34 | <prompt>[prompt]$</prompt><command>/bin/bash</command>) or by the
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 35 | <command>/bin/su</command> command. An interactive non-login shell is also
|
---|
| 36 | started with a terminal program such as <command>xterm</command> or
|
---|
| 37 | <command>konsole</command> from within a graphical environment. This type of
|
---|
| 38 | shell invocation normally copies the parent environment and then reads the
|
---|
| 39 | user's <filename>~/.bashrc</filename> file for additional startup configuration
|
---|
| 40 | instructions.</para>
|
---|
| 41 |
|
---|
| 42 | <para>A non-interactive shell is usually present when a shell script is
|
---|
| 43 | running. It is non-interactive because it is processing a script and not
|
---|
| 44 | waiting for user input between commands. For these shell invocations, only
|
---|
| 45 | the environment inherited from the parent shell is used.</para>
|
---|
| 46 |
|
---|
| 47 | <para> The file <filename>~/.bash_logout</filename> is not used for an
|
---|
| 48 | invocation of the shell. It is read and executed when a user exits from an
|
---|
| 49 | interactive login shell.</para>
|
---|
| 50 |
|
---|
[a05dbe6] | 51 | <para>Many distributions use <filename>/etc/bashrc</filename> for system wide
|
---|
| 52 | initialization of non-login shells. This file is usually called from the
|
---|
| 53 | user's <filename>~/.bashrc</filename> file and is not built directly into
|
---|
| 54 | <command>bash</command> itself. This convention is followed in this
|
---|
| 55 | section.</para>
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 56 |
|
---|
[384039a] | 57 | <para>For more information see <command>info bash</command> --
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 58 | <emphasis role="strong">Nodes: Bash Startup Files and Interactive
|
---|
[ba0deaad] | 59 | Shells</emphasis>.</para>
|
---|
| 60 |
|
---|
| 61 | <note>
|
---|
| 62 | <para>Most of the instructions below are used to create files located in
|
---|
| 63 | the <filename class='directory'>/etc</filename> directory structure which
|
---|
| 64 | requires you to execute the commands as the
|
---|
| 65 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> user. If you elect to create
|
---|
| 66 | the files in user's home directories instead, you should run the commands
|
---|
| 67 | as an unprivileged user.</para>
|
---|
| 68 | </note>
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 69 |
|
---|
| 70 | <sect2 id="etc-profile-profile">
|
---|
| 71 | <title>/etc/profile</title>
|
---|
| 72 |
|
---|
| 73 | <indexterm zone="postlfs-config-profile etc-profile-profile">
|
---|
| 74 | <primary sortas="e-etc-profile">/etc/profile</primary>
|
---|
| 75 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 76 |
|
---|
| 77 | <para>Here is a base <filename>/etc/profile</filename>. This file starts by
|
---|
| 78 | setting up some helper functions and some basic parameters. It specifies some
|
---|
[ba0deaad] | 79 | <command>bash</command> history parameters and, for security purposes,
|
---|
[384039a] | 80 | disables keeping a permanent history file for the <systemitem
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 81 | class="username">root</systemitem> user. It also sets a
|
---|
| 82 | default user prompt. It then calls small, single purpose scripts in the
|
---|
| 83 | <filename class='directory'>/etc/profile.d</filename> directory to provide most
|
---|
[ba0deaad] | 84 | of the initialization.</para>
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 85 |
|
---|
| 86 | <para>For more information on the escape sequences you can use for your prompt
|
---|
[ba0deaad] | 87 | (i.e., the <envar>PS1</envar> environment variable) see <command>info
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 88 | bash</command> -- <emphasis role="strong">Node: Printing a
|
---|
[ba0deaad] | 89 | Prompt</emphasis>.</para>
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 90 |
|
---|
| 91 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/profile << "EOF"
|
---|
| 92 | <literal># Begin /etc/profile
|
---|
[b554263] | 93 | # Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
|
---|
| 94 | # by James Robertson <jameswrobertson@earthlink.net>
|
---|
[1a396398] | 95 | # modifications by Dagmar d'Surreal <rivyqntzne@pbzpnfg.arg>
|
---|
[384039a] | 96 |
|
---|
[b554263] | 97 | # System wide environment variables and startup programs.
|
---|
[384039a] | 98 |
|
---|
[b554263] | 99 | # System wide aliases and functions should go in /etc/bashrc. Personal
|
---|
| 100 | # environment variables and startup programs should go into
|
---|
| 101 | # ~/.bash_profile. Personal aliases and functions should go into
|
---|
| 102 | # ~/.bashrc.
|
---|
[384039a] | 103 |
|
---|
[1a396398] | 104 | # Functions to help us manage paths. Second argument is the name of the
|
---|
| 105 | # path variable to be modified (default: PATH)
|
---|
| 106 | pathremove () {
|
---|
| 107 | local IFS=':'
|
---|
| 108 | local NEWPATH
|
---|
| 109 | local DIR
|
---|
| 110 | local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
|
---|
| 111 | for DIR in ${!PATHVARIABLE} ; do
|
---|
| 112 | if [ "$DIR" != "$1" ] ; then
|
---|
| 113 | NEWPATH=${NEWPATH:+$NEWPATH:}$DIR
|
---|
| 114 | fi
|
---|
| 115 | done
|
---|
| 116 | export $PATHVARIABLE="$NEWPATH"
|
---|
[b554263] | 117 | }
|
---|
[384039a] | 118 |
|
---|
[1a396398] | 119 | pathprepend () {
|
---|
| 120 | pathremove $1 $2
|
---|
| 121 | local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
|
---|
| 122 | export $PATHVARIABLE="$1${!PATHVARIABLE:+:${!PATHVARIABLE}}"
|
---|
| 123 | }
|
---|
[384039a] | 124 |
|
---|
[1a396398] | 125 | pathappend () {
|
---|
| 126 | pathremove $1 $2
|
---|
| 127 | local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
|
---|
| 128 | export $PATHVARIABLE="${!PATHVARIABLE:+${!PATHVARIABLE}:}$1"
|
---|
| 129 | }
|
---|
[384039a] | 130 |
|
---|
[e9ef7b5e] | 131 |
|
---|
| 132 | # Set the initial path
|
---|
| 133 | export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
|
---|
| 134 |
|
---|
[1a396398] | 135 | if [ $EUID -eq 0 ] ; then
|
---|
[e9ef7b5e] | 136 | pathappend /sbin:/usr/sbin
|
---|
[1a396398] | 137 | unset HISTFILE
|
---|
[b554263] | 138 | fi
|
---|
[384039a] | 139 |
|
---|
[1a396398] | 140 | # Setup some environment variables.
|
---|
| 141 | export HISTSIZE=1000
|
---|
| 142 | export HISTIGNORE="&:[bf]g:exit"
|
---|
| 143 | #export PS1="[\u@\h \w]\\$ "
|
---|
| 144 | export PS1='\u@\h:\w\$ '
|
---|
[384039a] | 145 |
|
---|
[1a396398] | 146 | for script in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
|
---|
[d3880c0] | 147 | if [ -r $script ] ; then
|
---|
[1a396398] | 148 | . $script
|
---|
| 149 | fi
|
---|
| 150 | done
|
---|
[384039a] | 151 |
|
---|
[99e8a229] | 152 | # Now to clean up
|
---|
[384039a] | 153 | unset pathremove pathprepend pathappend
|
---|
[1a396398] | 154 |
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 155 | # End /etc/profile</literal>
|
---|
| 156 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
[1a396398] | 157 |
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 158 | <sect3 id="etc-profile.d">
|
---|
| 159 | <title>The /etc/profile.d Directory</title>
|
---|
[99e8a229] | 160 |
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 161 | <indexterm zone="postlfs-config-profile etc-profile.d">
|
---|
| 162 | <primary sortas="e-etc-profile.d">/etc/profile.d</primary>
|
---|
| 163 | </indexterm>
|
---|
[1a396398] | 164 |
|
---|
[384039a] | 165 | <para>Now create the <filename class='directory'>/etc/profile.d</filename>
|
---|
[ba0deaad] | 166 | directory, where the individual initialization scripts are placed:</para>
|
---|
[1a396398] | 167 |
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 168 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install --directory --mode=0755 --owner=root --group=root /etc/profile.d</userinput></screen>
|
---|
[1a396398] | 169 |
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 170 | </sect3>
|
---|
[1a396398] | 171 |
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 172 | <sect3 id="etc-profile.d-dircolors.sh">
|
---|
| 173 | <title>/etc/profile.d/dircolors.sh</title>
|
---|
| 174 |
|
---|
| 175 | <indexterm zone="postlfs-config-profile etc-profile.d-dircolors.sh">
|
---|
| 176 | <primary sortas="e-etc-profile.d-dircolors.sh">/etc/profile.d/dircolors.sh</primary>
|
---|
| 177 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 178 |
|
---|
| 179 | <para>This script uses the <filename>~/.dircolors</filename> and
|
---|
| 180 | <filename>/etc/dircolors</filename> files to control the colors of file names in a
|
---|
| 181 | directory listing. They control colorized output of things like <command>ls
|
---|
[ba0deaad] | 182 | --color</command>. The explanation of how to initialize these files is at the
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 183 | end of this section.</para>
|
---|
| 184 |
|
---|
| 185 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/profile.d/dircolors.sh << "EOF"
|
---|
| 186 | <literal># Setup for /bin/ls to support color, the alias is in /etc/bashrc.
|
---|
[1a396398] | 187 | if [ -f "/etc/dircolors" ] ; then
|
---|
| 188 | eval $(dircolors -b /etc/dircolors)
|
---|
[384039a] | 189 |
|
---|
[1a396398] | 190 | if [ -f "$HOME/.dircolors" ] ; then
|
---|
| 191 | eval $(dircolors -b $HOME/.dircolors)
|
---|
| 192 | fi
|
---|
[b554263] | 193 | fi
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 194 | alias ls='ls --color=auto'</literal>
|
---|
| 195 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 196 |
|
---|
| 197 | </sect3>
|
---|
| 198 |
|
---|
| 199 | <sect3 id="extrapaths.sh">
|
---|
| 200 | <title>/etc/profile.d/extrapaths.sh</title>
|
---|
| 201 |
|
---|
| 202 | <indexterm zone="postlfs-config-profile extrapaths.sh">
|
---|
| 203 | <primary sortas="e-etc-profile.d-extrapaths.sh">/etc/profile.d/extrapaths.sh</primary>
|
---|
| 204 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 205 |
|
---|
| 206 | <para>This script adds several useful paths to the <envar>PATH</envar> and
|
---|
[384039a] | 207 | <envar>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</envar> environment variables. If you want, you
|
---|
| 208 | can uncomment the last section to put a dot at the end of your path. This will
|
---|
| 209 | allow executables in the current working directory to be executed without
|
---|
| 210 | specifiying a ./, however you are warned that this is generally considered a
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 211 | security hazard.</para>
|
---|
[384039a] | 212 |
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 213 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/profile.d/extrapaths.sh << "EOF"
|
---|
| 214 | <literal>if [ -d /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig ] ; then
|
---|
[1a396398] | 215 | pathappend /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig PKG_CONFIG_PATH
|
---|
| 216 | fi
|
---|
| 217 | if [ -d /usr/local/bin ]; then
|
---|
| 218 | pathprepend /usr/local/bin
|
---|
[b554263] | 219 | fi
|
---|
[1a396398] | 220 | if [ -d /usr/local/sbin -a $EUID -eq 0 ]; then
|
---|
| 221 | pathprepend /usr/local/sbin
|
---|
| 222 | fi
|
---|
[d3880c0] | 223 | for directory in $(find /opt/*/lib/pkgconfig -type d 2>/dev/null); do
|
---|
[1a396398] | 224 | pathappend $directory PKG_CONFIG_PATH
|
---|
| 225 | done
|
---|
[d3880c0] | 226 | for directory in $(find /opt/*/bin -type d 2>/dev/null); do
|
---|
[1a396398] | 227 | pathappend $directory
|
---|
| 228 | done
|
---|
| 229 | if [ -d ~/bin ]; then
|
---|
| 230 | pathprepend ~/bin
|
---|
| 231 | fi
|
---|
| 232 | #if [ $EUID -gt 99 ]; then
|
---|
| 233 | # pathappend .
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 234 | #fi</literal>
|
---|
| 235 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 236 |
|
---|
| 237 | </sect3>
|
---|
| 238 |
|
---|
| 239 | <sect3 id="readline.sh">
|
---|
| 240 | <title>/etc/profile.d/readline.sh</title>
|
---|
| 241 |
|
---|
| 242 | <indexterm zone="postlfs-config-profile readline.sh">
|
---|
| 243 | <primary sortas="e-etc-profile.d-readline.sh">/etc/profile.d/readline.sh</primary>
|
---|
| 244 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 245 |
|
---|
[384039a] | 246 | <para>This script sets up the default <filename>inputrc</filename>
|
---|
| 247 | configuration file. If the user does not have individual settings, it uses the
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 248 | global file.</para>
|
---|
| 249 |
|
---|
| 250 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/profile.d/readline.sh << "EOF"
|
---|
| 251 | <literal># Setup the INPUTRC environment variable.
|
---|
[b554263] | 252 | if [ -z "$INPUTRC" -a ! -f "$HOME/.inputrc" ] ; then
|
---|
[1a396398] | 253 | INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc
|
---|
[b554263] | 254 | fi
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 255 | export INPUTRC</literal>
|
---|
| 256 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 257 |
|
---|
| 258 | </sect3>
|
---|
| 259 |
|
---|
| 260 | <sect3 id="tinker-term.sh">
|
---|
| 261 | <title>/etc/profile.d/tinker-term.sh</title>
|
---|
| 262 |
|
---|
| 263 | <indexterm zone="postlfs-config-profile tinker-term.sh">
|
---|
| 264 | <primary sortas="e-etc-profile.d-tinker-term.sh">/etc/profile.d/tinker-term.sh</primary>
|
---|
| 265 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 266 |
|
---|
[384039a] | 267 | <para>Some applications need a specific <envar>TERM</envar> setting to
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 268 | support color.</para>
|
---|
| 269 |
|
---|
| 270 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/profile.d/tinker-term.sh << "EOF"
|
---|
[384039a] | 271 | <literal># This will tinker with the value of TERM in order to convince certain
|
---|
[dd362e5] | 272 | # apps that we can, indeed, display color in their window.
|
---|
[384039a] | 273 |
|
---|
[1a396398] | 274 | if [ -n "$COLORTERM" ]; then
|
---|
| 275 | export TERM=xterm-color
|
---|
| 276 | fi
|
---|
[384039a] | 277 |
|
---|
[1a396398] | 278 | if [ "$TERM" = "xterm" ]; then
|
---|
| 279 | export TERM=xterm-color
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 280 | fi</literal>
|
---|
| 281 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 282 |
|
---|
| 283 | </sect3>
|
---|
| 284 |
|
---|
| 285 | <sect3 id="umask.sh">
|
---|
| 286 | <title>/etc/profile.d/umask.sh</title>
|
---|
| 287 |
|
---|
| 288 | <indexterm zone="postlfs-config-profile umask.sh">
|
---|
| 289 | <primary sortas="e-etc-profile.d-umask.sh">/etc/profile.d/umask.sh</primary>
|
---|
| 290 | </indexterm>
|
---|
[384039a] | 291 |
|
---|
| 292 | <para>Setting the <command>umask</command> value is important for security.
|
---|
| 293 | Here the default group write permissions are turned off for system users and when
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 294 | the user name and group name are not the same.</para>
|
---|
[b554263] | 295 |
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 296 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/profile.d/umask.sh << "EOF"
|
---|
| 297 | <literal># By default we want the umask to get set.
|
---|
[1a396398] | 298 | if [ "$(id -gn)" = "$(id -un)" -a $EUID -gt 99 ] ; then
|
---|
| 299 | umask 002
|
---|
| 300 | else
|
---|
| 301 | umask 022
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 302 | fi</literal>
|
---|
| 303 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 304 |
|
---|
| 305 | </sect3>
|
---|
| 306 |
|
---|
| 307 | <sect3 id="X.sh">
|
---|
| 308 | <title>/etc/profile.d/X.sh</title>
|
---|
[1a396398] | 309 |
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 310 | <indexterm zone="postlfs-config-profile X.sh">
|
---|
| 311 | <primary sortas="e-etc-profile.d-X.sh">/etc/profile.d/X.sh</primary>
|
---|
| 312 | </indexterm>
|
---|
[1a396398] | 313 |
|
---|
[384039a] | 314 | <para>If <application>X</application> is installed, the <envar>PATH</envar>
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 315 | and <envar>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</envar> variables are also updated.</para>
|
---|
[1a396398] | 316 |
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 317 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/profile.d/X.sh << "EOF"
|
---|
| 318 | <literal>if [ -x /usr/X11R6/bin/X ]; then
|
---|
[1a396398] | 319 | pathappend /usr/X11R6/bin
|
---|
| 320 | fi
|
---|
| 321 | if [ -d /usr/X11R6/lib/pkgconfig ] ; then
|
---|
| 322 | pathappend /usr/X11R6/lib/pkgconfig PKG_CONFIG_PATH
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 323 | fi</literal>
|
---|
| 324 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 325 |
|
---|
| 326 | </sect3>
|
---|
| 327 |
|
---|
[683e848a] | 328 | <sect3 id="extra-prompt.sh">
|
---|
| 329 | <title>/etc/profile.d/extra-prompt.sh</title>
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 330 |
|
---|
[683e848a] | 331 | <indexterm zone="postlfs-config-profile extra-prompt.sh">
|
---|
| 332 | <primary sortas="e-etc-profile.d-prompt.sh">/etc/profile.d/extra-prompt.sh</primary>
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 333 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 334 |
|
---|
[683e848a] | 335 | <para>This script shows an example of a different way of setting the
|
---|
| 336 | prompt. The normal variable, <envar>PS1</envar>, is supplemented by
|
---|
[384039a] | 337 | <envar>PROMPT_COMMAND</envar>. If set, the value of
|
---|
[683e848a] | 338 | <envar>PROMPT_COMMAND</envar> is executed as a command prior to issuing
|
---|
| 339 | each primary prompt. The sequence \e is an ESC character. \a is a
|
---|
[ba0deaad] | 340 | BEL character. For a reference on <command>xterm</command> escape
|
---|
| 341 | sequences, see <ulink
|
---|
| 342 | url="http://rtfm.etla.org/xterm/ctlseq.html"/>.</para>
|
---|
[683e848a] | 343 |
|
---|
| 344 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/profile.d/extra-prompt.sh << "EOF"
|
---|
[06833a4a] | 345 | <literal>PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "\e[1m${USER}@${HOSTNAME} : ${PWD}\e[0m\a"'
|
---|
[683e848a] | 346 | export PROMPT_COMMAND</literal>
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 347 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 348 |
|
---|
[683e848a] | 349 | <para>The escape sequences above are BOLD, NORMAL, and BEL.</para>
|
---|
| 350 |
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 351 | </sect3>
|
---|
| 352 |
|
---|
| 353 | <sect3 id="i18n.sh">
|
---|
[384039a] | 354 | <title>'/etc/profile.d/i18n.sh'</title>
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 355 |
|
---|
| 356 | <indexterm zone="postlfs-config-profile i18n.sh">
|
---|
| 357 | <primary sortas="e-etc-profile.d-i18n.sh">/etc/profile.d/i18n.sh</primary>
|
---|
| 358 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 359 |
|
---|
[384039a] | 360 | <para>This script shows how to set some environment variables necessary for
|
---|
| 361 | native language support. Setting these variables properly gives you:</para>
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 362 |
|
---|
| 363 | <itemizedlist>
|
---|
| 364 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 365 | <para>the output of programs translated into your native language</para>
|
---|
| 366 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 367 | <listitem>
|
---|
[384039a] | 368 | <para>correct classification of characters into letters, digits and
|
---|
| 369 | other classes – this is necessary for <application>Bash</application>
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 370 | to accept keystrokes properly in non-English locales</para>
|
---|
| 371 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 372 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 373 | <para>the alphabetical sorting order correct for your country</para>
|
---|
| 374 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 375 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 376 | <para>proper default paper size</para>
|
---|
| 377 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 378 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 379 | <para>correct formatting of monetary, time and date values</para>
|
---|
| 380 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 381 | </itemizedlist>
|
---|
| 382 |
|
---|
[384039a] | 383 | <para>Replace <replaceable>[ll]</replaceable> with the two-letter code for
|
---|
| 384 | your language (e.g., <quote>en</quote>) and
|
---|
| 385 | <replaceable>[CC]</replaceable> with the two-letter code for your country
|
---|
| 386 | (e.g., <quote>GB</quote>). Also you may need to specify (and this is actually
|
---|
| 387 | the preferred form) your character encoding (e.g., <quote>iso8859-1</quote>)
|
---|
| 388 | after a dot (so that the result is <quote>en_GB.iso8859-1</quote>). Issue the
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 389 | following command for more information:</para>
|
---|
| 390 |
|
---|
| 391 | <screen><userinput>man 3 setlocale</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 392 |
|
---|
[384039a] | 393 | <para>The list of all locales supported by <application>Glibc</application>
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 394 | can be obtained by running the following command:</para>
|
---|
| 395 |
|
---|
[384039a] | 396 | <screen><userinput>locale -a</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 397 |
|
---|
| 398 | <para>After you are sure about your locale settings, create the
|
---|
| 399 | <filename>/etc/profile.d/i18n.sh</filename> file:</para>
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 400 |
|
---|
| 401 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/profile.d/i18n.sh << "EOF"
|
---|
| 402 | <literal># Set up i18n variables
|
---|
[d295e92] | 403 | export LC_ALL=<replaceable>[ll]</replaceable>_<replaceable>[CC]</replaceable>
|
---|
| 404 | export LANG=<replaceable>[ll]</replaceable>_<replaceable>[CC]</replaceable>
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 405 | export G_FILENAME_ENCODING=@locale</literal>
|
---|
| 406 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 407 |
|
---|
[384039a] | 408 | <para>The <envar>LC_ALL</envar> variable sets the same value for all locale
|
---|
| 409 | categories. For better control, you may prefer to set values individually for
|
---|
| 410 | all categories listed in the output of the <command>locale</command>
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 411 | command.</para>
|
---|
| 412 |
|
---|
| 413 | <para>The <envar>G_FILENAME_ENCODING</envar> variable tells applications
|
---|
[384039a] | 414 | such as <application>Glib</application> and <application>GTK+</application>
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 415 | that filenames are in the default locale encoding and not in UTF-8 as
|
---|
| 416 | assumed by default.</para>
|
---|
| 417 |
|
---|
| 418 | </sect3>
|
---|
| 419 |
|
---|
| 420 | <sect3>
|
---|
| 421 | <title>Other Initialization Values</title>
|
---|
| 422 |
|
---|
[384039a] | 423 | <para>Other initialization can easily be added to the
|
---|
| 424 | <filename>profile</filename> by adding additional scripts to the
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 425 | <filename class='directory'>/etc/profile.d</filename> directory.</para>
|
---|
| 426 |
|
---|
| 427 | </sect3>
|
---|
| 428 |
|
---|
| 429 | </sect2>
|
---|
| 430 |
|
---|
| 431 | <sect2 id="etc-bashrc-profile">
|
---|
| 432 | <title>/etc/bashrc</title>
|
---|
| 433 |
|
---|
| 434 | <indexterm zone="postlfs-config-profile etc-bashrc-profile">
|
---|
| 435 | <primary sortas="e-etc-bashrc">/etc/bashrc</primary>
|
---|
| 436 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 437 |
|
---|
| 438 | <para>Here is a base <filename>/etc/bashrc</filename>. Comments in the
|
---|
| 439 | file should explain everything you need.</para>
|
---|
| 440 |
|
---|
| 441 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/bashrc << "EOF"
|
---|
[384039a] | 442 | <literal># Begin /etc/bashrc
|
---|
| 443 | # Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
|
---|
[b554263] | 444 | # by James Robertson <jameswrobertson@earthlink.net>
|
---|
[ad33bab6] | 445 | # updated by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@linuxfromscratch.org>
|
---|
| 446 |
|
---|
| 447 | # Make sure that the terminal is set up properly for each shell
|
---|
| 448 |
|
---|
| 449 | if [ -f /etc/profile.d/tinker-term.sh ]; then
|
---|
| 450 | source /etc/profile.d/tinker-term.sh
|
---|
| 451 | fi
|
---|
| 452 |
|
---|
[b554263] | 453 | # System wide aliases and functions.
|
---|
| 454 |
|
---|
| 455 | # System wide environment variables and startup programs should go into
|
---|
| 456 | # /etc/profile. Personal environment variables and startup programs
|
---|
| 457 | # should go into ~/.bash_profile. Personal aliases and functions should
|
---|
| 458 | # go into ~/.bashrc
|
---|
| 459 |
|
---|
| 460 | # Provides a colored /bin/ls command. Used in conjunction with code in
|
---|
| 461 | # /etc/profile.
|
---|
[1a396398] | 462 |
|
---|
[b554263] | 463 | alias ls='ls --color=auto'
|
---|
| 464 |
|
---|
[1a396398] | 465 | # Provides prompt for non-login shells, specifically shells started
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 466 | # in the X environment. [Review the LFS archive thread titled
|
---|
[384039a] | 467 | # PS1 Environment Variable for a great case study behind this script
|
---|
[dd362e5] | 468 | # addendum.]
|
---|
[1a396398] | 469 |
|
---|
[3383489] | 470 | #export PS1="[\u@\h \w]\\$ "
|
---|
| 471 | export PS1='\u@\h:\w\$ '
|
---|
[28a9992] | 472 |
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 473 | # End /etc/bashrc</literal>
|
---|
| 474 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 475 |
|
---|
| 476 | </sect2>
|
---|
| 477 |
|
---|
| 478 | <sect2 id="bash_profile-profile">
|
---|
| 479 | <title>~/.bash_profile</title>
|
---|
| 480 |
|
---|
| 481 | <indexterm zone="postlfs-config-profile bash_profile-profile">
|
---|
| 482 | <primary sortas="e-AA.bash_profile">~/.bash_profile</primary>
|
---|
| 483 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 484 |
|
---|
| 485 | <para>Here is a base <filename>~/.bash_profile</filename>. If you want each
|
---|
| 486 | new user to have this file automatically, just change the output of
|
---|
| 487 | the command to <filename>/etc/skel/.bash_profile</filename> and check the
|
---|
| 488 | permissions after the command is run. You can then copy
|
---|
| 489 | <filename>/etc/skel/.bash_profile</filename> to the home directories of already
|
---|
[384039a] | 490 | existing users, including <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>,
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 491 | and set the owner and group appropriately.</para>
|
---|
| 492 |
|
---|
| 493 | <screen><userinput>cat > ~/.bash_profile << "EOF"
|
---|
| 494 | <literal># Begin ~/.bash_profile
|
---|
[b554263] | 495 | # Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
|
---|
| 496 | # by James Robertson <jameswrobertson@earthlink.net>
|
---|
[1a396398] | 497 | # updated by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@linuxfromscratch.org>
|
---|
[b554263] | 498 |
|
---|
[64d97b7c] | 499 | # Personal environment variables and startup programs.
|
---|
[b554263] | 500 |
|
---|
| 501 | # Personal aliases and functions should go in ~/.bashrc. System wide
|
---|
| 502 | # environment variables and startup programs are in /etc/profile.
|
---|
| 503 | # System wide aliases and functions are in /etc/bashrc.
|
---|
| 504 |
|
---|
[1a396398] | 505 | append () {
|
---|
| 506 | # First remove the directory
|
---|
| 507 | local IFS=':'
|
---|
| 508 | local NEWPATH
|
---|
| 509 | for DIR in $PATH; do
|
---|
| 510 | if [ "$DIR" != "$1" ]; then
|
---|
[3f1b51a] | 511 | NEWPATH=${NEWPATH:+$NEWPATH:}$DIR
|
---|
[384039a] | 512 | fi
|
---|
[1a396398] | 513 | done
|
---|
[384039a] | 514 |
|
---|
[1a396398] | 515 | # Then append the directory
|
---|
| 516 | export PATH=$NEWPATH:$1
|
---|
| 517 | }
|
---|
| 518 |
|
---|
[b554263] | 519 | if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ] ; then
|
---|
[7008de1] | 520 | source $HOME/.bashrc
|
---|
[b554263] | 521 | fi
|
---|
| 522 |
|
---|
| 523 | if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
|
---|
[384039a] | 524 | append $HOME/bin
|
---|
[b554263] | 525 | fi
|
---|
| 526 |
|
---|
[1a396398] | 527 | unset append
|
---|
[b554263] | 528 |
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 529 | # End ~/.bash_profile</literal>
|
---|
| 530 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 531 |
|
---|
| 532 | </sect2>
|
---|
[384039a] | 533 |
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 534 | <sect2 id="bashrc-profile">
|
---|
| 535 | <title>~/.bashrc</title>
|
---|
| 536 |
|
---|
| 537 | <indexterm zone="postlfs-config-profile bashrc-profile">
|
---|
| 538 | <primary sortas="e-AA.bashrc">~/.bashrc</primary>
|
---|
| 539 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 540 |
|
---|
| 541 | <para>Here is a base <filename>~/.bashrc</filename>. The comments and
|
---|
| 542 | instructions for using <filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename> for
|
---|
| 543 | <filename>.bash_profile</filename> above also apply here. Only the target file
|
---|
| 544 | names are different.</para>
|
---|
| 545 |
|
---|
| 546 | <screen><userinput>cat > ~/.bashrc << "EOF"
|
---|
| 547 | <literal># Begin ~/.bashrc
|
---|
[b554263] | 548 | # Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
|
---|
| 549 | # by James Robertson <jameswrobertson@earthlink.net>
|
---|
| 550 |
|
---|
| 551 | # Personal aliases and functions.
|
---|
| 552 |
|
---|
| 553 | # Personal environment variables and startup programs should go in
|
---|
[64d97b7c] | 554 | # ~/.bash_profile. System wide environment variables and startup
|
---|
[b554263] | 555 | # programs are in /etc/profile. System wide aliases and functions are
|
---|
[384039a] | 556 | # in /etc/bashrc.
|
---|
[b554263] | 557 |
|
---|
| 558 | if [ -f "/etc/bashrc" ] ; then
|
---|
[7008de1] | 559 | source /etc/bashrc
|
---|
[b554263] | 560 | fi
|
---|
| 561 |
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 562 | # End ~/.bashrc</literal>
|
---|
| 563 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 564 |
|
---|
| 565 | </sect2>
|
---|
[384039a] | 566 |
|
---|
| 567 |
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 568 | <sect2 id="bash_logout-profile">
|
---|
| 569 | <title>~/.bash_logout</title>
|
---|
| 570 |
|
---|
| 571 | <indexterm zone="postlfs-config-profile bash_logout-profile">
|
---|
| 572 | <primary sortas="e-AA.bash_logout">~/.bash_logout</primary>
|
---|
| 573 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 574 |
|
---|
| 575 | <para>This is an empty <filename>~/.bash_logout</filename> that can be used as
|
---|
| 576 | a template. You will notice that the base <filename>~/.bash_logout</filename>
|
---|
| 577 | does not include a <userinput>clear</userinput> command. This is because the
|
---|
| 578 | clear is handled in the <filename>/etc/issue</filename> file.</para>
|
---|
| 579 |
|
---|
| 580 | <screen><userinput>cat > ~/.bash_logout << "EOF"
|
---|
| 581 | <literal># Begin ~/.bash_logout
|
---|
[b554263] | 582 | # Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
|
---|
| 583 | # by James Robertson <jameswrobertson@earthlink.net>
|
---|
| 584 |
|
---|
| 585 | # Personal items to perform on logout.
|
---|
| 586 |
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 587 | # End ~/.bash_logout</literal>
|
---|
| 588 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 589 |
|
---|
| 590 | </sect2>
|
---|
[384039a] | 591 |
|
---|
| 592 |
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 593 | <sect2 id="etc-dircolors-profile">
|
---|
| 594 | <title>/etc/dircolors</title>
|
---|
| 595 |
|
---|
| 596 | <indexterm zone="postlfs-config-profile etc-dircolors-profile">
|
---|
| 597 | <primary sortas="e-etc-dircolors">/etc/dircolors</primary>
|
---|
| 598 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 599 |
|
---|
| 600 | <indexterm zone="postlfs-config-profile etc-dircolors-profile">
|
---|
| 601 | <primary sortas="e-AA.dircolors">~/.dircolors</primary>
|
---|
| 602 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 603 |
|
---|
| 604 | <para> If you want to use the <filename>dircolors</filename> capability, then
|
---|
| 605 | run the following command. The <filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename>
|
---|
[ba0deaad] | 606 | setup steps shown above also can be used here to provide a
|
---|
[384039a] | 607 | <filename>~/.dircolors</filename> file when a new user is set up. As before,
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 608 | just change the output file name on the following command and assure the
|
---|
[384039a] | 609 | permissions, owner, and group are correct on the files created and/or
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 610 | copied.</para>
|
---|
| 611 |
|
---|
| 612 | <screen role="root"><userinput>dircolors -p > /etc/dircolors</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 613 |
|
---|
| 614 | <para>If you wish to customize the colors used for different file types, you can
|
---|
[384039a] | 615 | edit the <filename>/etc/dircolors</filename> file. The instructions for setting
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 616 | the colors are embedded in the file.</para>
|
---|
| 617 |
|
---|
| 618 |
|
---|
| 619 | <para>Finally, Ian Macdonald has written an excellent collection of tips and
|
---|
| 620 | tricks to enhance your shell environment. You can read it online at
|
---|
[ba0deaad] | 621 | <ulink url="http://www.caliban.org/bash/index.shtml"/>.</para>
|
---|
[2753b70b] | 622 |
|
---|
| 623 | </sect2>
|
---|
| 624 |
|
---|
[b554263] | 625 | </sect1>
|
---|