[9a67723] | 1 | <sect1 id="postlfs-config-skel">
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| 2 | <?dbhtml filename="skel.html" dir="postlfs"?>
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[cfc2a54] | 3 | <title>Configuring for Adding Users</title>
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[9a67723] | 4 |
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[9ed94cb] | 5 | <para>Together, the <command>/usr/sbin/useradd</command> command and
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[cfc2a54] | 6 | <filename>/etc/skel</filename> directory (both are easy to setup and use)
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[9ed94cb] | 7 | provide a way to assure new users are added on your
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| 8 | <acronym>LFS</acronym> system with the
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| 9 | same beginning settings for things like <envar>PATH</envar>, keyboard processing and
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[cfc2a54] | 10 | environmental variables. Using these two facilities makes it easier to
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| 11 | assure this initial state for each new user.
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| 12 | </para>
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[9a67723] | 13 |
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[cfc2a54] | 14 | <para>
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| 15 | The <filename>/etc/skel</filename> directory holds copies of various
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| 16 | initialization and other files that may be copied to the new user's home
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[9ed94cb] | 17 | directory when the <command>/usr/sbin/useradd</command>
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[cfc2a54] | 18 | program adds the new user.</para>
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[7346f16] | 19 |
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[cfc2a54] | 20 | <para>Useradd</para>
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[7346f16] | 21 |
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[9ed94cb] | 22 | <para>The <command>useradd</command> program uses a collection of
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[cfc2a54] | 23 | default values kept in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>,
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| 24 | if it exists. If the file does not exist, then it uses some internal
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| 25 | defaults. You can see the default values by running
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[9ed94cb] | 26 | <userinput><command>/usr/sbin/useradd -D</command></userinput>.
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[cfc2a54] | 27 | </para>
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[7346f16] | 28 |
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| 29 | <para>To change these values to something new, create a base
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| 30 | <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> file with the same values as
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[9ed94cb] | 31 | the output of <userinput><command>/usr/sbin/useradd -D</command></userinput>. Here is a
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[7346f16] | 32 | sample.</para>
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| 33 |
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[9ed94cb] | 34 | <screen># Begin /etc/default/useradd
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[7346f16] | 35 |
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| 36 | GROUP=100
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| 37 | HOME=/home
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| 38 | INACTIVE=-1
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| 39 | EXPIRE=
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| 40 | SHELL=
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| 41 | SKEL=/etc/skel
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| 42 |
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[9ed94cb] | 43 | # End /etc/default/useradd</screen>
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[7346f16] | 44 |
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| 45 | <para>The only thing missing from the file is a default shell. Add that
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| 46 | by running:</para>
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| 47 |
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[9ed94cb] | 48 | <screen><userinput><command>/usr/sbin/useradd -D -s/bin/bash</command></userinput></screen>
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[7346f16] | 49 |
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[9ed94cb] | 50 | <para>This will set the <envar>SHELL</envar>= line to
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| 51 | <envar>SHELL</envar>=/bin/bash.</para>
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[cfc2a54] | 52 |
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[9ed94cb] | 53 | <para><command>Useradd</command> has many parameters that
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[cfc2a54] | 54 | can be set in the <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> file.
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| 55 | </para>
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| 56 |
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[9ed94cb] | 57 | <para>For more information see <command>man useradd</command>.</para>
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[cfc2a54] | 58 |
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| 59 | <para>/etc/skel</para>
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| 60 |
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| 61 | <para>To get started create an <filename>/etc/skel</filename> directory
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| 62 | and make sure it is writable only by the system administrator, usually
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| 63 | root. Creating the directory as root is the best way to go.</para>
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| 64 |
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| 65 | <para>The mode of any files from this part of the book that you put in
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| 66 | <filename>/etc/skel</filename> should be writable only by the owner.
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| 67 | Also, since there is no telling what kind of sensitive information a
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| 68 | user may eventually place in their copy of these files, you should
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| 69 | make them unreadable by "group" and "other".</para>
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| 70 |
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| 71 | <para>You can also put other files in <filename>/etc/skel</filename> and
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| 72 | different permissions may be needed for them.
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| 73 | </para>
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| 74 |
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| 75 | <para>
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| 76 | Decide which initialization files should be provided in every (or most)
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| 77 | new user's home directory. The decisions you make will affect what you
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| 78 | do in the next three sections, "/etc/inputrc", "The Bash Shell Startup
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| 79 | Files" and "/etc/vimrc, ~/.vimrc". Some or all of those files will be
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| 80 | useful for root, any already-existing users, and new users.</para>
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| 81 |
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| 82 | <para>The files from those sections that you might want to place in
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| 83 | <filename>/etc/skel</filename> include
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| 84 | <filename>.inputrc</filename>, <filename>.bash_profile</filename>,
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| 85 | <filename>.bashrc</filename>, <filename>.bash_logout</filename>,
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| 86 | <filename>.dircolors</filename>, and <filename>.vimrc</filename>. If
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| 87 | you are unsure which of these should be placed there, just continue to
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| 88 | the following sections, read each section and any references provided,
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| 89 | and then make your decision.</para>
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| 90 |
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| 91 | <para>You will run a slightly modified set of commands for files which
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| 92 | are placed in <filename>/etc/skel</filename>. Each section will remind
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| 93 | you of this. In brief, the book's commands have been written for files
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| 94 | <emphasis>not</emphasis> added to <filename>/etc/skel</filename> and
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| 95 | just send the results to the user's home directory. If the file is going
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| 96 | to be in <filename>/etc/skel</filename>, change the book's command(s) to
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| 97 | send output there instead and then just copy the file from
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| 98 | <filename>/etc/skel</filename> to the appropriate directories, like
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| 99 | <filename>/etc</filename>, <filename>~</filename> or the home directoriy
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| 100 | of any other user already in the system.</para>
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| 101 |
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| 102 | <para>When Adding a User</para>
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| 103 |
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| 104 | <para>When adding a new user with <filename>useradd</filename> use
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| 105 | the <userinput>-m</userinput> parameter, which tells
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| 106 | <filename>useradd</filename> to create the user's home directory and
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| 107 | copy files from <filename>/etc/skel</filename> (can be overridden) to
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| 108 | the new user's home directory. For example:</para>
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| 109 |
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[9ed94cb] | 110 | <screen><command>useradd -m -s/bin/bash jwrober</command></screen>
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[9a67723] | 111 |
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| 112 | </sect1>
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