[a32a241] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[5632009] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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[a42ba00] | 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[5632009] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="initramfs">
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="initramfs.html"?>
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| 10 |
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| 11 | <sect1info>
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| 12 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 13 | </sect1info>
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| 14 |
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| 15 | <title>About initramfs</title>
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| 16 |
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[29244b7] | 17 | <para>
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| 18 | The only purpose of an initramfs is to mount the root filesystem. The
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| 19 | initramfs is a complete set of directories that you would find on a normal
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| 20 | root filesystem. It is bundled into a single cpio archive and compressed
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| 21 | with one of several compression algorithms.
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| 22 | </para>
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| 23 |
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| 24 | <para>
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| 25 | At boot time, the boot loader loads the kernel and the initramfs image
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| 26 | into memory and starts the kernel. The kernel checks for the presence
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| 27 | of the initramfs and, if found, mounts it as / and runs /init. The init
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| 28 | program is typically a shell script. Note that the boot process takes
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| 29 | longer, possibly significantly longer, if an initramfs is used.
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| 30 | </para>
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| 31 |
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| 32 | <para>
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| 33 | For most distributions, kernel modules are the biggest reason to have
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| 34 | an initramfs. In a general distribution, there are many unknowns such
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| 35 | as file system types and disk layouts. In a way, this is the opposite
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| 36 | of LFS where the system capabilities and layout are known and a custom
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| 37 | kernel is normally built. In this situation, an initramfs is rarely
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| 38 | needed.
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| 39 | </para>
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| 40 |
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| 41 | <para>
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| 42 | There are only four primary reasons to have an initramfs in the LFS
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| 43 | environment: loading the rootfs from a network, loading it from an LVM
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| 44 | logical volume, having an encrypted rootfs where a password is required, or
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| 45 | for the convenience of specifying the rootfs as a LABEL or UUID. Anything
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| 46 | else usually means that the kernel was not configured properly.
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| 47 | </para>
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[5632009] | 48 |
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| 49 | <sect2 id="initramfs-build">
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| 50 | <title>Building an initramfs</title>
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| 51 |
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[29244b7] | 52 | <para>
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| 53 | If you do decide to build an initramfs, the following scripts will
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| 54 | provide a basis to do it. The scripts will allow specifying a rootfs
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| 55 | via partition UUID or partition LABEL or a rootfs on an LVM logical
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| 56 | volume. They do not support an encrypted root file system or mounting
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| 57 | the rootfs over a network card. For a more complete capability see
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[c9aa980] | 58 | <ulink url="https://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/read.html"> the LFS
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[29244b7] | 59 | Hints</ulink> or <ulink
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[cd29bc9] | 60 | url="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Dracut">dracut</ulink>.
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[29244b7] | 61 | </para>
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[5632009] | 62 |
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[29244b7] | 63 | <para>
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| 64 | To install these scripts, run the following commands as the
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| 65 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 66 | </para>
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[5632009] | 67 |
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[5804e5f] | 68 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs << "EOF"
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[51dfb3e] | 69 | <literal>#!/bin/bash
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[fe58aa0] | 70 | # This file based in part on the mkinitramfs script for the LFS LiveCD
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[5632009] | 71 | # written by Alexander E. Patrakov and Jeremy Huntwork.
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| 72 |
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| 73 | copy()
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| 74 | {
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| 75 | local file
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| 76 |
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[6c183b56] | 77 | if [ "$2" = "lib" ]; then
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[5804e5f] | 78 | file=$(PATH=/usr/lib type -p $1)
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[5632009] | 79 | else
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[99ff4fad] | 80 | file=$(type -p $1)
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[5632009] | 81 | fi
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| 82 |
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[6e493187] | 83 | if [ -n "$file" ] ; then
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[5804e5f] | 84 | cp $file $WDIR/usr/$2
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[5632009] | 85 | else
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| 86 | echo "Missing required file: $1 for directory $2"
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| 87 | rm -rf $WDIR
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| 88 | exit 1
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| 89 | fi
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| 90 | }
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| 91 |
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| 92 | if [ -z $1 ] ; then
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| 93 | INITRAMFS_FILE=initrd.img-no-kmods
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| 94 | else
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| 95 | KERNEL_VERSION=$1
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| 96 | INITRAMFS_FILE=initrd.img-$KERNEL_VERSION
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| 97 | fi
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| 98 |
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[5804e5f] | 99 | if [ -n "$KERNEL_VERSION" ] && [ ! -d "/usr/lib/modules/$1" ] ; then
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[5632009] | 100 | echo "No modules directory named $1"
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| 101 | exit 1
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| 102 | fi
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| 103 |
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| 104 | printf "Creating $INITRAMFS_FILE... "
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| 105 |
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[90c6607] | 106 | binfiles="sh cat cp dd killall ls mkdir mknod mount "
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[5632009] | 107 | binfiles="$binfiles umount sed sleep ln rm uname"
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[8b6d8b6] | 108 | binfiles="$binfiles readlink basename"
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[5632009] | 109 |
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[f350508] | 110 | # Systemd installs udevadm in /bin. Other udev implementations have it in /sbin
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[5804e5f] | 111 | if [ -x /usr/bin/udevadm ] ; then binfiles="$binfiles udevadm"; fi
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[f350508] | 112 |
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| 113 | sbinfiles="modprobe blkid switch_root"
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[90c6607] | 114 |
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[5804e5f] | 115 | # Optional files and locations
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[f8f7442] | 116 | for f in mdadm mdmon udevd udevadm; do
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[5804e5f] | 117 | if [ -x /usr/sbin/$f ] ; then sbinfiles="$sbinfiles $f"; fi
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[8253f9fc] | 118 | done
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[5632009] | 119 |
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[288c825] | 120 | # Add lvm if present (cannot be done with the others because it
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| 121 | # also needs dmsetup
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[5804e5f] | 122 | if [ -x /usr/sbin/lvm ] ; then sbinfiles="$sbinfiles lvm dmsetup"; fi
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[288c825] | 123 |
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[5632009] | 124 | unsorted=$(mktemp /tmp/unsorted.XXXXXXXXXX)
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| 125 |
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| 126 | DATADIR=/usr/share/mkinitramfs
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| 127 | INITIN=init.in
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| 128 |
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[f8f7442] | 129 | # Create a temporary working directory
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[5632009] | 130 | WDIR=$(mktemp -d /tmp/initrd-work.XXXXXXXXXX)
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| 131 |
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| 132 | # Create base directory structure
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[5804e5f] | 133 | mkdir -p $WDIR/{dev,run,sys,proc,usr/{bin,lib/{firmware,modules},sbin}}
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[5632009] | 134 | mkdir -p $WDIR/etc/{modprobe.d,udev/rules.d}
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| 135 | touch $WDIR/etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf
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[5804e5f] | 136 | ln -s usr/bin $WDIR/bin
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| 137 | ln -s usr/lib $WDIR/lib
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| 138 | ln -s usr/sbin $WDIR/sbin
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| 139 | ln -s lib $WDIR/lib64
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[5632009] | 140 |
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| 141 | # Create necessary device nodes
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| 142 | mknod -m 640 $WDIR/dev/console c 5 1
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| 143 | mknod -m 664 $WDIR/dev/null c 1 3
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| 144 |
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| 145 | # Install the udev configuration files
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[50f410f] | 146 | if [ -f /etc/udev/udev.conf ]; then
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| 147 | cp /etc/udev/udev.conf $WDIR/etc/udev/udev.conf
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| 148 | fi
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[5632009] | 149 |
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| 150 | for file in $(find /etc/udev/rules.d/ -type f) ; do
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| 151 | cp $file $WDIR/etc/udev/rules.d
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| 152 | done
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| 153 |
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[a32a241] | 154 | # Install any firmware present
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[5804e5f] | 155 | cp -a /usr/lib/firmware $WDIR/usr/lib
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[a32a241] | 156 |
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[f350508] | 157 | # Copy the RAID configuration file if present
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[5632009] | 158 | if [ -f /etc/mdadm.conf ] ; then
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| 159 | cp /etc/mdadm.conf $WDIR/etc
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| 160 | fi
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| 161 |
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| 162 | # Install the init file
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| 163 | install -m0755 $DATADIR/$INITIN $WDIR/init
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| 164 |
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[ea8a884] | 165 | if [ -n "$KERNEL_VERSION" ] ; then
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[5804e5f] | 166 | if [ -x /usr/bin/kmod ] ; then
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[ea8a884] | 167 | binfiles="$binfiles kmod"
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| 168 | else
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| 169 | binfiles="$binfiles lsmod"
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[64cb61a] | 170 | sbinfiles="$sbinfiles insmod"
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[ea8a884] | 171 | fi
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| 172 | fi
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| 173 |
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[5632009] | 174 | # Install basic binaries
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| 175 | for f in $binfiles ; do
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[5804e5f] | 176 | ldd /usr/bin/$f | sed "s/\t//" | cut -d " " -f1 >> $unsorted
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| 177 | copy /usr/bin/$f bin
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[5632009] | 178 | done
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| 179 |
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| 180 | for f in $sbinfiles ; do
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[5804e5f] | 181 | ldd /usr/sbin/$f | sed "s/\t//" | cut -d " " -f1 >> $unsorted
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[5632009] | 182 | copy $f sbin
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| 183 | done
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| 184 |
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[5804e5f] | 185 | # Add udevd libraries if not in /usr/sbin
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| 186 | if [ -x /usr/lib/udev/udevd ] ; then
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| 187 | ldd /usr/lib/udev/udevd | sed "s/\t//" | cut -d " " -f1 >> $unsorted
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| 188 | elif [ -x /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd ] ; then
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| 189 | ldd /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd | sed "s/\t//" | cut -d " " -f1 >> $unsorted
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[8253f9fc] | 190 | fi
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| 191 |
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[ea8a884] | 192 | # Add module symlinks if appropriate
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[5804e5f] | 193 | if [ -n "$KERNEL_VERSION" ] && [ -x /usr/bin/kmod ] ; then
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| 194 | ln -s kmod $WDIR/usr/bin/lsmod
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| 195 | ln -s kmod $WDIR/usr/bin/insmod
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[ea8a884] | 196 | fi
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| 197 |
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[5632009] | 198 | # Add lvm symlinks if appropriate
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[50f410f] | 199 | # Also copy the lvm.conf file
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[5804e5f] | 200 | if [ -x /usr/sbin/lvm ] ; then
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| 201 | ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/lvchange
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| 202 | ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/lvrename
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| 203 | ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/lvextend
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| 204 | ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/lvcreate
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| 205 | ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/lvdisplay
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| 206 | ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/lvscan
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| 207 |
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| 208 | ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/pvchange
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| 209 | ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/pvck
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| 210 | ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/pvcreate
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| 211 | ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/pvdisplay
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| 212 | ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/pvscan
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| 213 |
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| 214 | ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/vgchange
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| 215 | ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/vgcreate
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| 216 | ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/vgscan
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| 217 | ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/vgrename
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| 218 | ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/vgck
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[50f410f] | 219 | # Conf file(s)
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| 220 | cp -a /etc/lvm $WDIR/etc
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[5632009] | 221 | fi
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| 222 |
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| 223 | # Install libraries
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[8253f9fc] | 224 | sort $unsorted | uniq | while read library ; do
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[6e493187] | 225 | # linux-vdso and linux-gate are pseudo libraries and do not correspond to a file
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| 226 | # libsystemd-shared is in /lib/systemd, so it is not found by copy, and
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| 227 | # it is copied below anyway
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| 228 | if [[ "$library" == linux-vdso.so.1 ]] ||
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| 229 | [[ "$library" == linux-gate.so.1 ]] ||
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| 230 | [[ "$library" == libsystemd-shared* ]]; then
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[5632009] | 231 | continue
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| 232 | fi
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| 233 |
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| 234 | copy $library lib
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| 235 | done
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| 236 |
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[5804e5f] | 237 | if [ -d /usr/lib/udev ]; then
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| 238 | cp -a /usr/lib/udev $WDIR/usr/lib
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[f350508] | 239 | fi
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[5804e5f] | 240 | if [ -d /usr/lib/systemd ]; then
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| 241 | cp -a /usr/lib/systemd $WDIR/usr/lib
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[f350508] | 242 | fi
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[5804e5f] | 243 | if [ -d /usr/lib/elogind ]; then
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| 244 | cp -a /usr/lib/elogind $WDIR/usr/lib
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[2f6d8ec] | 245 | fi
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[5632009] | 246 |
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| 247 | # Install the kernel modules if requested
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| 248 | if [ -n "$KERNEL_VERSION" ]; then
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[889d6c4] | 249 | find \
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[5804e5f] | 250 | /usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/kernel/{crypto,fs,lib} \
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[889d6c4] | 251 | /usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/kernel/drivers/{block,ata,nvme,md,firewire} \
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[5804e5f] | 252 | /usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/kernel/drivers/{scsi,message,pcmcia,virtio} \
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| 253 | /usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/kernel/drivers/usb/{host,storage} \
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[5632009] | 254 | -type f 2> /dev/null | cpio --make-directories -p --quiet $WDIR
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| 255 |
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[889d6c4] | 256 | cp /usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/modules.{builtin,order} \
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[5804e5f] | 257 | $WDIR/usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION
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[889d6c4] | 258 | if [ -f /usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/modules.builtin.modinfo ]; then
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| 259 | cp /usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/modules.builtin.modinfo \
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| 260 | $WDIR/usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION
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| 261 | fi
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[8253f9fc] | 262 |
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[5632009] | 263 | depmod -b $WDIR $KERNEL_VERSION
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| 264 | fi
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| 265 |
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| 266 | ( cd $WDIR ; find . | cpio -o -H newc --quiet | gzip -9 ) > $INITRAMFS_FILE
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| 267 |
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[6e493187] | 268 | # Prepare early loading of microcode if available
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[5804e5f] | 269 | if ls /usr/lib/firmware/intel-ucode/* >/dev/null 2>&1 ||
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| 270 | ls /usr/lib/firmware/amd-ucode/* >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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[6e493187] | 271 |
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| 272 | # first empty WDIR to reuse it
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| 273 | rm -r $WDIR/*
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| 274 |
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| 275 | DSTDIR=$WDIR/kernel/x86/microcode
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| 276 | mkdir -p $DSTDIR
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| 277 |
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[5804e5f] | 278 | if [ -d /usr/lib/firmware/amd-ucode ]; then
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| 279 | cat /usr/lib/firmware/amd-ucode/microcode_amd*.bin > $DSTDIR/AuthenticAMD.bin
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[6e493187] | 280 | fi
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| 281 |
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[5804e5f] | 282 | if [ -d /usr/lib/firmware/intel-ucode ]; then
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| 283 | cat /usr/lib/firmware/intel-ucode/* > $DSTDIR/GenuineIntel.bin
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[6e493187] | 284 | fi
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| 285 |
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| 286 | ( cd $WDIR; find . | cpio -o -H newc --quiet ) > microcode.img
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| 287 | cat microcode.img $INITRAMFS_FILE > tmpfile
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| 288 | mv tmpfile $INITRAMFS_FILE
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| 289 | rm microcode.img
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| 290 | fi
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| 291 |
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| 292 | # Remove the temporary directories and files
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[5632009] | 293 | rm -rf $WDIR $unsorted
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| 294 | printf "done.\n"
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[51dfb3e] | 295 | </literal>
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[5712a7d] | 296 | EOF
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| 297 |
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[5804e5f] | 298 | chmod 0755 /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs</userinput></screen>
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[0d7900a] | 299 |
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[5632009] | 300 | <screen role="root"><userinput>mkdir -p /usr/share/mkinitramfs &&
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| 301 | cat > /usr/share/mkinitramfs/init.in << "EOF"
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[51dfb3e] | 302 | <literal>#!/bin/sh
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[5632009] | 303 |
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[5804e5f] | 304 | PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
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[5632009] | 305 | export PATH
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| 306 |
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| 307 | problem()
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| 308 | {
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| 309 | printf "Encountered a problem!\n\nDropping you to a shell.\n\n"
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| 310 | sh
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| 311 | }
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| 312 |
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| 313 | no_device()
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| 314 | {
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| 315 | printf "The device %s, which is supposed to contain the\n" $1
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| 316 | printf "root file system, does not exist.\n"
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| 317 | printf "Please fix this problem and exit this shell.\n\n"
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| 318 | }
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| 319 |
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| 320 | no_mount()
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| 321 | {
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| 322 | printf "Could not mount device %s\n" $1
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| 323 | printf "Sleeping forever. Please reboot and fix the kernel command line.\n\n"
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| 324 | printf "Maybe the device is formatted with an unsupported file system?\n\n"
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| 325 | printf "Or maybe filesystem type autodetection went wrong, in which case\n"
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| 326 | printf "you should add the rootfstype=... parameter to the kernel command line.\n\n"
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| 327 | printf "Available partitions:\n"
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| 328 | }
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| 329 |
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| 330 | do_mount_root()
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| 331 | {
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| 332 | mkdir /.root
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| 333 | [ -n "$rootflags" ] && rootflags="$rootflags,"
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| 334 | rootflags="$rootflags$ro"
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| 335 |
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| 336 | case "$root" in
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[99ff4fad] | 337 | /dev/* ) device=$root ;;
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| 338 | UUID=* ) eval $root; device="/dev/disk/by-uuid/$UUID" ;;
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| 339 | PARTUUID=*) eval $root; device="/dev/disk/by-partuuid/$PARTUUID" ;;
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| 340 | LABEL=* ) eval $root; device="/dev/disk/by-label/$LABEL" ;;
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| 341 | "" ) echo "No root device specified." ; problem ;;
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[5632009] | 342 | esac
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| 343 |
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| 344 | while [ ! -b "$device" ] ; do
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| 345 | no_device $device
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| 346 | problem
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| 347 | done
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| 348 |
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| 349 | if ! mount -n -t "$rootfstype" -o "$rootflags" "$device" /.root ; then
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| 350 | no_mount $device
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| 351 | cat /proc/partitions
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| 352 | while true ; do sleep 10000 ; done
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| 353 | else
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| 354 | echo "Successfully mounted device $root"
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| 355 | fi
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| 356 | }
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| 357 |
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[2f6d8ec] | 358 | do_try_resume()
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| 359 | {
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| 360 | case "$resume" in
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| 361 | UUID=* ) eval $resume; resume="/dev/disk/by-uuid/$UUID" ;;
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| 362 | LABEL=*) eval $resume; resume="/dev/disk/by-label/$LABEL" ;;
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| 363 | esac
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| 364 |
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| 365 | if $noresume || ! [ -b "$resume" ]; then return; fi
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| 366 |
|
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| 367 | ls -lH "$resume" | ( read x x x x maj min x
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| 368 | echo -n ${maj%,}:$min > /sys/power/resume )
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| 369 | }
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| 370 |
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[5632009] | 371 | init=/sbin/init
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| 372 | root=
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| 373 | rootdelay=
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| 374 | rootfstype=auto
|
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| 375 | ro="ro"
|
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| 376 | rootflags=
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| 377 | device=
|
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[2f6d8ec] | 378 | resume=
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| 379 | noresume=false
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[5632009] | 380 |
|
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| 381 | mount -n -t devtmpfs devtmpfs /dev
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[a32a241] | 382 | mount -n -t proc proc /proc
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| 383 | mount -n -t sysfs sysfs /sys
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| 384 | mount -n -t tmpfs tmpfs /run
|
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[5632009] | 385 |
|
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| 386 | read -r cmdline < /proc/cmdline
|
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| 387 |
|
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| 388 | for param in $cmdline ; do
|
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| 389 | case $param in
|
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| 390 | init=* ) init=${param#init=} ;;
|
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| 391 | root=* ) root=${param#root=} ;;
|
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| 392 | rootdelay=* ) rootdelay=${param#rootdelay=} ;;
|
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| 393 | rootfstype=*) rootfstype=${param#rootfstype=} ;;
|
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| 394 | rootflags=* ) rootflags=${param#rootflags=} ;;
|
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[2f6d8ec] | 395 | resume=* ) resume=${param#resume=} ;;
|
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| 396 | noresume ) noresume=true ;;
|
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[5632009] | 397 | ro ) ro="ro" ;;
|
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| 398 | rw ) ro="rw" ;;
|
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| 399 | esac
|
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| 400 | done
|
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| 401 |
|
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[8253f9fc] | 402 | # udevd location depends on version
|
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| 403 | if [ -x /sbin/udevd ]; then
|
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[f350508] | 404 | UDEVD=/sbin/udevd
|
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| 405 | elif [ -x /lib/udev/udevd ]; then
|
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| 406 | UDEVD=/lib/udev/udevd
|
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| 407 | elif [ -x /lib/systemd/systemd-udevd ]; then
|
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| 408 | UDEVD=/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
|
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[8253f9fc] | 409 | else
|
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[f350508] | 410 | echo "Cannot find udevd nor systemd-udevd"
|
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| 411 | problem
|
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[8253f9fc] | 412 | fi
|
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| 413 |
|
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[f350508] | 414 | ${UDEVD} --daemon --resolve-names=never
|
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[5632009] | 415 | udevadm trigger
|
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| 416 | udevadm settle
|
---|
| 417 |
|
---|
[50f410f] | 418 | if [ -f /etc/mdadm.conf ] ; then mdadm -As ; fi
|
---|
| 419 | if [ -x /sbin/vgchange ] ; then /sbin/vgchange -a y > /dev/null ; fi
|
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| 420 | if [ -n "$rootdelay" ] ; then sleep "$rootdelay" ; fi
|
---|
[5632009] | 421 |
|
---|
[2f6d8ec] | 422 | do_try_resume # This function will not return if resuming from disk
|
---|
[5632009] | 423 | do_mount_root
|
---|
| 424 |
|
---|
[f350508] | 425 | killall -w ${UDEVD##*/}
|
---|
[5632009] | 426 |
|
---|
| 427 | exec switch_root /.root "$init" "$@"
|
---|
[51dfb3e] | 428 | </literal>
|
---|
[5632009] | 429 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
[0d7900a] | 430 |
|
---|
[5632009] | 431 | </sect2>
|
---|
| 432 |
|
---|
| 433 | <sect2 id="initramfs-install">
|
---|
| 434 | <title>Using an initramfs</title>
|
---|
| 435 |
|
---|
[ea8a884] | 436 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Required Runtime Dependency</bridgehead>
|
---|
| 437 |
|
---|
| 438 | <para role="required">
|
---|
[96e9478] | 439 | <xref role="runtime" linkend="cpio"/>
|
---|
[ea8a884] | 440 | </para>
|
---|
[20598a7] | 441 |
|
---|
| 442 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Other Runtime Dependencies</bridgehead>
|
---|
| 443 |
|
---|
| 444 | <para role="optional">
|
---|
| 445 | <xref role="runtime" linkend="lvm2"/> and/or
|
---|
| 446 | <xref role="runtime" linkend="mdadm"/> must be installed before
|
---|
| 447 | generating the initramfs, if the system partition uses them.
|
---|
| 448 | </para>
|
---|
[ea8a884] | 449 |
|
---|
| 450 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
|
---|
| 451 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/initramfs"/>
|
---|
| 452 | </para>
|
---|
| 453 |
|
---|
| 454 |
|
---|
[29244b7] | 455 | <para>
|
---|
| 456 | To build an initramfs, run the following as the <systemitem
|
---|
| 457 | class="username">root</systemitem> user:
|
---|
| 458 | </para>
|
---|
[5632009] | 459 |
|
---|
[7b82eb14] | 460 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkinitramfs [KERNEL VERSION]</userinput></screen>
|
---|
[5632009] | 461 |
|
---|
[29244b7] | 462 | <para>
|
---|
| 463 | The optional argument is the directory where the appropriate kernel
|
---|
| 464 | modules are located. This must be a subdirectory of <filename
|
---|
| 465 | class='directory'> /lib/modules</filename>. If no modules are specified,
|
---|
| 466 | then the initramfs is named <emphasis>initrd.img-no-kmods</emphasis>.
|
---|
| 467 | If a kernel version is specified, the initrd is named
|
---|
| 468 | <emphasis>initrd.img-$KERNEL_VERSION</emphasis> and is only appropriate
|
---|
| 469 | for the specific kernel specified. The output file will be placed in the
|
---|
| 470 | current directory.
|
---|
| 471 | </para>
|
---|
[5632009] | 472 |
|
---|
[29244b7] | 473 | <para>
|
---|
| 474 | If early loading of microcode is needed (see <xref
|
---|
| 475 | linkend="cpu-microcode"/>), you can install the appropriate blob or
|
---|
| 476 | container in <filename class="directory">/lib/firmware</filename>.
|
---|
| 477 | It will be automatically added to the initrd when running
|
---|
| 478 | <command>mkinitramfs</command>.
|
---|
| 479 | </para>
|
---|
[6e493187] | 480 |
|
---|
[29244b7] | 481 | <para>
|
---|
| 482 | After generating the initrd, copy it to the <filename
|
---|
| 483 | class='directory'>/boot</filename> directory.
|
---|
| 484 | </para>
|
---|
[5632009] | 485 |
|
---|
[29244b7] | 486 | <para>
|
---|
| 487 | Now edit <filename>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</filename> and add a new
|
---|
| 488 | menuentry. Below are several examples.
|
---|
| 489 | </para>
|
---|
[5632009] | 490 |
|
---|
[7b82eb14] | 491 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput># Generic initramfs and root fs identified by UUID
|
---|
[0d7900a] | 492 | menuentry "LFS Dev (LFS-7.0-Feb14) initrd, Linux 3.0.4"
|
---|
[5632009] | 493 | {
|
---|
| 494 | linux /vmlinuz-3.0.4-lfs-20120214 root=UUID=54b934a9-302d-415e-ac11-4988408eb0a8 ro
|
---|
| 495 | initrd /initrd.img-no-kmods
|
---|
| 496 | }</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 497 |
|
---|
[7b82eb14] | 498 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput># Generic initramfs and root fs on LVM partition
|
---|
[0d7900a] | 499 | menuentry "LFS Dev (LFS-7.0-Feb18) initrd lvm, Linux 3.0.4"
|
---|
[5632009] | 500 | {
|
---|
| 501 | linux /vmlinuz-3.0.4-lfs-20120218 root=/dev/mapper/myroot ro
|
---|
| 502 | initrd /initrd.img-no-kmods
|
---|
| 503 | }</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 504 |
|
---|
[7b82eb14] | 505 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput># Specific initramfs and root fs identified by LABEL
|
---|
[0d7900a] | 506 | menuentry "LFS Dev (LFS-7.1-Feb20) initrd label, Linux 3.2.6"
|
---|
[5632009] | 507 | {
|
---|
| 508 | linux /vmlinuz-3.2.6-lfs71-120220 root=LABEL=lfs71 ro
|
---|
| 509 | initrd /initrd.img-3.2.6-lfs71-120220
|
---|
| 510 | }</userinput></screen>
|
---|
| 511 |
|
---|
[29244b7] | 512 | <para>
|
---|
| 513 | Finally, reboot the system and select the desired system.
|
---|
| 514 | </para>
|
---|
[5632009] | 515 |
|
---|
| 516 | </sect2>
|
---|
| 517 |
|
---|
| 518 | </sect1>
|
---|