[c9b953e6] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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[4a16903] | 7 | <!ENTITY certhost "https://hg.mozilla.org/">
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| 8 | <!ENTITY certpath "/lib/ckfw/builtins/certdata.txt">
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[dcad3e9] | 9 | <!ENTITY cacerts-buildsize "6.5 MB (with all runtime deps)">
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[4a16903] | 10 | <!ENTITY cacerts-time "0.2 SBU (with all runtime deps)">
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| 11 |
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[120b315] | 12 | <!ENTITY make-ca-download "https://github.com/djlucas/make-ca/archive/v&make-ca-version;/make-ca-&make-ca-version;.tar.gz">
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[92dea9ae] | 13 | <!ENTITY make-ca-size "36 KB">
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| 14 | <!ENTITY make-ca-md5sum "851f9e267f343c54db8caa87ec5b3d75">
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[c9b953e6] | 15 | ]>
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| 16 |
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| 17 | <sect1 id="cacerts" xreflabel="Certificate Authority Certificates">
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| 18 | <?dbhtml filename="cacerts.html"?>
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| 19 |
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| 20 | <sect1info>
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| 21 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 22 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 23 | </sect1info>
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| 24 |
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| 25 | <title>Certificate Authority Certificates</title>
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| 26 |
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[4a16903] | 27 | <para>Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a method to validate the
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[45db70f] | 28 | authenticity of an otherwise unknown entity across untrusted networks. PKI
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[4a16903] | 29 | works by establishing a chain of trust, rather than trusting each individual
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| 30 | host or entity explicitly. In order for a certificate presented by a remote
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[45db70f] | 31 | entity to be trusted, that certificate must present a complete chain of
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[4a16903] | 32 | certificates that can be validated using the root certificate of a
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| 33 | Certificate Authority (CA) that is trusted by the local machine.</para>
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| 34 |
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| 35 | <para>Establishing trust with a CA involves validating things like company
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| 36 | address, ownership, contact information, etc., and ensuring that the CA has
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[da0166b2] | 37 | followed best practices, such as undergoing periodic security audits by
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| 38 | independent investigators and maintaining an always available certificate
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[4a16903] | 39 | revocation list. This is well outside the scope of BLFS (as it is for most
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| 40 | Linux distributions). The certificate store provided here is taken from the
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| 41 | Mozilla Foundation, who have established very strict inclusion policies
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| 42 | described
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| 43 | <ulink url="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/about/governance/policies/security-group/certs/">here</ulink>.</para>
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[c9b953e6] | 44 |
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[ce63bfd2] | 45 | &lfs81_checked;
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[c9b953e6] | 46 |
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| 47 | <indexterm zone="cacerts">
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| 48 | <primary sortas="a-cacerts">Certificate Authority Certificates</primary>
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| 49 | </indexterm>
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| 50 |
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| 51 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 52 | <title>Introduction to Certificate Authorities</title>
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| 53 |
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| 54 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 55 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 56 | <listitem>
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[30b7db74] | 57 | <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&make-ca-download;"/></para>
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[c9b953e6] | 58 | </listitem>
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| 59 | <listitem>
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[30b7db74] | 60 | <para>Download size: &make-ca-size;</para>
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| 61 | </listitem>
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| 62 | <listitem>
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| 63 | <para>Download MD5 Sum: &make-ca-md5sum;</para>
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[c9b953e6] | 64 | </listitem>
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| 65 | <listitem>
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| 66 | <para>Estimated disk space required: &cacerts-buildsize;</para>
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| 67 | </listitem>
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| 68 | <listitem>
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| 69 | <para>Estimated build time: &cacerts-time;</para>
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| 70 | </listitem>
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| 71 | </itemizedlist>
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| 72 |
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| 73 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Certificate Authority Certificates Dependencies</bridgehead>
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| 74 |
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| 75 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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[4a16903] | 76 | <para role="required"><xref linkend="openssl"/></para>
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| 77 |
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| 78 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (runtime)</bridgehead>
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| 79 | <para role="optional">
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[96e9478] | 80 | <xref role="runtime" linkend="java"/> or
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| 81 | <xref role="runtime" linkend="openjdk"/>,
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| 82 | <xref role="runtime" linkend="nss"/>, and
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| 83 | <xref role="runtime" linkend="p11-kit"/>
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| 84 | </para>
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[c9b953e6] | 85 |
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| 86 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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| 87 | <ulink url='&blfs-wiki;/cacerts'/></para>
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| 88 | </sect2>
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| 89 |
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| 90 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 91 | <title>Installation of Certificate Authority Certificates</title>
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| 92 |
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[120b315] | 93 | <para>The <application>make-ca</application> script will download and
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| 94 | process the certificates included in the <filename>certdata.txt</filename>
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| 95 | file for use in multiple certificate stores (if the associated applications
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| 96 | are present on the system). Additionally, any local certificates stored in
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[da0166b2] | 97 | <filename>/etc/ssl/local</filename> will be imported to the certificate
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[4a16903] | 98 | stores. Certificates in this directory should be stored as PEM encoded
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| 99 | <application>OpenSSL</application> trusted certificates.</para>
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| 100 |
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| 101 | <para>To create an <application>OpenSSL</application> trusted certificate
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[120b315] | 102 | from a regular PEM encoded file, you need to add trust arguments to the
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[4a16903] | 103 | <command>openssl</command> command, and create a new certificate. There are
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[c10fe29] | 104 | three trust types that are recognized by the
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[120b315] | 105 | <application>make-ca</application> script, SSL/TLS, S/Mime, and code
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[c10fe29] | 106 | signing. For example, using the
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[120b315] | 107 | <ulink url="http://www.cacert.org/">CAcert</ulink> roots, if you want to
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| 108 | trust both for all three roles, the following commands will create
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| 109 | appropriate OpenSSL trusted certificates:</para>
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[c10fe29] | 110 |
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| 111 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -vdm755 /etc/ssl/local &&
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| 112 | wget http://www.cacert.org/certs/root.crt &&
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[120b315] | 113 | wget http://www.cacert.org/certs/class3.crt &&
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[c10fe29] | 114 | openssl x509 -in root.crt -text -fingerprint -setalias "CAcert Class 1 root" \
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| 115 | -addtrust serverAuth -addtrust emailProtection -addtrust codeSigning \
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[120b315] | 116 | > /etc/ssl/local/CAcert_Class_1_root.pem &&
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| 117 | openssl x509 -in class3.crt -text -fingerprint -setalias "CAcert Class 3 root" \
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| 118 | -addtrust serverAuth -addtrust emailProtection -addtrust codeSigning \
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| 119 | > /etc/ssl/local/CAcert_Class_3_root.pem</userinput></screen>
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[c10fe29] | 120 |
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| 121 | <para>If one of the three trust arguments is omitted, the certificate is
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| 122 | neither trusted, nor rejected for that role. Clients that use
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| 123 | <application>OpenSSL</application> or <application>NSS</application>
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| 124 | encountering this certificate will present a warning to the user. Clients
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| 125 | using <application>GnuTLS</application> without
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| 126 | <application>p11-kit</application> support are not aware of trusted
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[4a16903] | 127 | certificates. To include this CA into the ca-bundle.crt (used for
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[45db70f] | 128 | <application>GnuTLS</application>), it must have <envar>serverAuth</envar>
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[c10fe29] | 129 | trust. Additionally, to explicitly disallow a certificate for a particular
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| 130 | use, replace the <parameter>-addtrust</parameter> flag with the
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| 131 | <parameter>-addreject</parameter> flag.</para>
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[4a16903] | 132 |
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| 133 | <para>To install the various certificate stores, first install the
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[120b315] | 134 | <application>make-ca</application> script into the correct location.
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[4a16903] | 135 | As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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| 136 |
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[120b315] | 137 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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[4a16903] | 138 |
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[120b315] | 139 | <para>As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, download
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| 140 | and update the certificate stores with the following command:</para>
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[4a16903] | 141 |
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[a90ec5a7] | 142 | <note>
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| 143 | <para>If running the script a second time with the same version of
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| 144 | <filename>certdata.txt</filename>, for instance, to add additional stores
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| 145 | as the requisite software is installed, add the <parameter>-f</parameter>
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[120b315] | 146 | switch to the command line. If packaging, run <command>make-ca
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[a90ec5a7] | 147 | --help</command> to see all available command line options.</para>
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| 148 | </note>
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| 149 |
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[120b315] | 150 | <screen role="root"><userinput>/usr/sbin/make-ca -g</userinput></screen>
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[4a16903] | 151 |
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[120b315] | 152 | <para>You should periodically update the store with the above command
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| 153 | either manually, or via a <phrase revision="sysv">cron job.</phrase>
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| 154 | <phrase revision="systemd">systemd timer. A timer is installed at
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| 155 | <filename>/etc/systemd/system/update-pki.timer</filename> that, if enabled,
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| 156 | will check for updates weekly.</phrase></para>
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[4a16903] | 157 |
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[120b315] | 158 | <para>The default <filename>certdata.txt</filename> file provided by make-ca
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| 159 | is obtained from the mozilla-release branch, and is modified to provide a
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| 160 | Mercurial revision. This will be the correct version for most
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[4a16903] | 161 | systems. There are, however, several other variants of the file available
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[e6af89ca] | 162 | for use that might be preferred for one reason or another, including the
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| 163 | files shipped with Mozilla products in this book. RedHat and OpenSUSE,
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| 164 | for instance, use the version included in <xref linkend="nss"/>. Additional
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| 165 | upstream downloads are available at the links below.</para>
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[4a16903] | 166 |
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| 167 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 168 | <listitem>
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| 169 | <para>Mozilla Release (the version provided by BLFS):
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| 170 | <ulink url="&certhost;releases/mozilla-release/raw-file/default/security/nss&certpath;"/>
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| 171 | </para>
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| 172 | </listitem>
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| 173 | <listitem>
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[da0166b2] | 174 | <para>NSS (this is the latest available version):
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[a3e625dd] | 175 | <ulink url="&certhost;projects/nss/raw-file/tip&certpath;"/>
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[4a16903] | 176 | </para>
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| 177 | </listitem>
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| 178 | <listitem>
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| 179 | <para>Mozilla Central:
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| 180 | <ulink url="&certhost;mozilla-central/raw-file/default/security/nss&certpath;"/>
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| 181 | </para>
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| 182 | </listitem>
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| 183 | <listitem>
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| 184 | <para>Mozilla Beta:
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| 185 | <ulink url="&certhost;releases/mozilla-beta/raw-file/default/security/nss&certpath;"/>
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| 186 | </para>
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| 187 | </listitem>
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| 188 | <listitem>
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| 189 | <para>Mozilla Aurora:
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| 190 | <ulink url="&certhost;releases/mozilla-aurora/raw-file/default/security/nss&certpath;"/>
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| 191 | </para>
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| 192 | </listitem>
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| 193 | </itemizedlist>
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[8b9034a] | 194 |
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[c9b953e6] | 195 | </sect2>
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| 196 |
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| 197 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 198 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 199 |
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| 200 | <segmentedlist>
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| 201 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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| 202 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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| 203 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 204 |
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| 205 | <seglistitem>
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[120b315] | 206 | <seg>make-ca</seg>
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[c9b953e6] | 207 | <seg>None</seg>
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[4a16903] | 208 | <seg>/etc/ssl/{certs,java,local} and /etc/pki/{nssdb,anchors}</seg>
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[c9b953e6] | 209 | </seglistitem>
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| 210 | </segmentedlist>
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| 211 |
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| 212 | <variablelist>
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| 213 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 214 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 215 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 216 |
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| 217 | <varlistentry id="make-ca">
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[120b315] | 218 | <term><command>make-ca</command></term>
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[c9b953e6] | 219 | <listitem>
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[4a16903] | 220 | <para>is a shell script that adapts a current version of
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[30b7db74] | 221 | <filename>certdata.txt</filename>, and prepares it for use
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| 222 | as the system certificate store.</para>
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[c9b953e6] | 223 | <indexterm zone="cacerts make-ca">
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| 224 | <primary sortas="b-make-ca">make-ca</primary>
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| 225 | </indexterm>
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| 226 | </listitem>
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| 227 | </varlistentry>
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| 228 | </variablelist>
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| 229 |
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| 230 | </sect2>
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| 231 | </sect1>
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