[c9b953e6] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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| 7 | <!ENTITY certhost "http://mxr.mozilla.org">
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| 8 | <!ENTITY certdir "/mozilla/source/security/nss/lib/ckfw/builtins">
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| 9 | <!ENTITY ca-bundle-download "&certhost;&certdir;/certdata.txt?raw=1">
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| 10 | <!ENTITY ca-bundle-size "1.2 MB">
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| 11 | <!ENTITY cacerts-buildsize "1.2 MB">
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| 12 | <!ENTITY cacerts-time "less than 0.1 SBU">
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| 13 | ]>
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| 14 |
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| 15 | <sect1 id="cacerts" xreflabel="Certificate Authority Certificates">
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| 16 | <?dbhtml filename="cacerts.html"?>
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| 17 |
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| 18 | <sect1info>
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| 19 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 20 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 21 | </sect1info>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <title>Certificate Authority Certificates</title>
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| 24 |
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| 25 | <para>The Public Key Inrastructure is used for many security issues in a
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| 26 | Linux system. In order for a certificate to be trusted, it must be signed by
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| 27 | a trusted agent called a Certificate Authority (CA). The certificates loaded
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| 28 | by this section are from the list on the Mozilla version control system and
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| 29 | formats it into a form used by <xref linkend='openssl'/>. The certificates
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| 30 | can also be used by other applications either directly of indirectly through
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| 31 | <application>openssl</application>.</para>
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| 32 |
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[2f8cc75] | 33 | &lfs72_checked;
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[c9b953e6] | 34 |
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| 35 | <indexterm zone="cacerts">
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| 36 | <primary sortas="a-cacerts">Certificate Authority Certificates</primary>
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| 37 | </indexterm>
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| 38 |
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| 39 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 40 | <title>Introduction to Certificate Authorities</title>
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| 41 |
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| 42 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 43 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 44 | <listitem>
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| 45 | <para>CA Certificate Download: <ulink url="&ca-bundle-download;"/></para>
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| 46 | </listitem>
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| 47 | <listitem>
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| 48 | <para>CA Bundle size: &ca-bundle-size;</para>
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| 49 | </listitem>
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| 50 | <listitem>
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| 51 | <para>Estimated disk space required: &cacerts-buildsize;</para>
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| 52 | </listitem>
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| 53 | <listitem>
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| 54 | <para>Estimated build time: &cacerts-time;</para>
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| 55 | </listitem>
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| 56 | </itemizedlist>
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| 57 |
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| 58 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Certificate Authority Certificates Dependencies</bridgehead>
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| 59 |
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| 60 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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[afc3f45] | 61 | <para role="required"><xref linkend="openssl"/></para>
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| 62 |
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| 63 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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| 64 | <para role="optional"><xref linkend="wget"/></para>
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[c9b953e6] | 65 |
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| 66 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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| 67 | <ulink url='&blfs-wiki;/cacerts'/></para>
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| 68 | </sect2>
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| 69 |
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| 70 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 71 | <title>Installation of Certificate Authority Certificates</title>
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| 72 |
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| 73 | <para>First create a script to reformat a certificate into a
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| 74 | form needed by <application>openssl</application>. As the <systemitem
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| 75 | class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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| 76 |
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[de5068d] | 77 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /bin/make-cert.pl << "EOF"
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[c9b953e6] | 78 | #!/usr/bin/perl -w
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| 79 |
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| 80 | # Used to generate PEM encoded files from Mozilla certdata.txt.
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| 81 | # Run as ./mkcrt.pl > certificate.crt
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| 82 | #
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| 83 | # Parts of this script courtesy of RedHat (mkcabundle.pl)
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| 84 | #
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| 85 | # This script modified for use with single file data (tempfile.cer) extracted
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| 86 | # from certdata.txt, taken from the latest version in the Mozilla NSS source.
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| 87 | # mozilla/security/nss/lib/ckfw/builtins/certdata.txt
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| 88 | #
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| 89 | # Authors: DJ Lucas
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| 90 | # Bruce Dubbs
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[fe54f243] | 91 | #
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| 92 | # Version 20120211
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[c9b953e6] | 93 |
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| 94 | my $certdata = './tempfile.cer';
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| 95 |
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| 96 | open( IN, "cat $certdata|" )
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| 97 | || die "could not open $certdata";
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| 98 |
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| 99 | my $incert = 0;
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| 100 |
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[9a1c6a74] | 101 | while ( <IN> )
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[c9b953e6] | 102 | {
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[9a1c6a74] | 103 | if ( /^CKA_VALUE MULTILINE_OCTAL/ )
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[c9b953e6] | 104 | {
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| 105 | $incert = 1;
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| 106 | open( OUT, "|openssl x509 -text -inform DER -fingerprint" )
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| 107 | || die "could not pipe to openssl x509";
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[9a1c6a74] | 108 | }
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| 109 |
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| 110 | elsif ( /^END/ && $incert )
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[c9b953e6] | 111 | {
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| 112 | close( OUT );
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| 113 | $incert = 0;
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| 114 | print "\n\n";
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[9a1c6a74] | 115 | }
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| 116 |
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| 117 | elsif ($incert)
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[c9b953e6] | 118 | {
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| 119 | my @bs = split( /\\/ );
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[9a1c6a74] | 120 | foreach my $b (@bs)
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[c9b953e6] | 121 | {
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| 122 | chomp $b;
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| 123 | printf( OUT "%c", oct($b) ) unless $b eq '';
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| 124 | }
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| 125 | }
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| 126 | }
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| 127 | EOF
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| 128 |
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| 129 | chmod +x /bin/make-cert.pl</userinput></screen>
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| 130 |
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| 131 | <para>The following script creates the certificates and a bundle of all the
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| 132 | certificates. It creates a <filename class='directory'>./certs</filename>
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| 133 | directory and <filename>./BLFS-ca-bundle-${VERSION}.crt</filename>. Again
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| 134 | create this script as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
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| 135 | user:</para>
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| 136 |
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[de5068d] | 137 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /bin/make-ca.sh << "EOF"
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[c9b953e6] | 138 | #!/bin/bash
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| 139 | # Begin make-ca.sh
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| 140 | # Script to populate OpenSSL's CApath from a bundle of PEM formatted CAs
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| 141 | #
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| 142 | # The file certdata.txt must exist in the local directory
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| 143 | # Version number is obtained from the version of the data.
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| 144 | #
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| 145 | # Authors: DJ Lucas
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| 146 | # Bruce Dubbs
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[fe54f243] | 147 | #
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| 148 | # Version 20120211
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[c9b953e6] | 149 |
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| 150 | certdata="certdata.txt"
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| 151 |
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| 152 | if [ ! -r $certdata ]; then
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| 153 | echo "$certdata must be in the local directory"
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| 154 | exit 1
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| 155 | fi
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| 156 |
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| 157 | REVISION=$(grep CVS_ID $certdata | cut -f4 -d'$')
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| 158 |
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| 159 | if [ -z "${REVISION}" ]; then
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| 160 | echo "$certfile has no 'Revision' in CVS_ID"
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| 161 | exit 1
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| 162 | fi
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| 163 |
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| 164 | VERSION=$(echo $REVISION | cut -f2 -d" ")
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| 165 |
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| 166 | TEMPDIR=$(mktemp -d)
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| 167 | TRUSTATTRIBUTES="CKA_TRUST_SERVER_AUTH"
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| 168 | BUNDLE="BLFS-ca-bundle-${VERSION}.crt"
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[9a1c6a74] | 169 | CONVERTSCRIPT="/bin/make-cert.pl"
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[c9b953e6] | 170 | SSLDIR="/etc/ssl"
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| 171 |
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| 172 | mkdir "${TEMPDIR}/certs"
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| 173 |
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| 174 | # Get a list of staring lines for each cert
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| 175 | CERTBEGINLIST=$(grep -n "^# Certificate" "${certdata}" | cut -d ":" -f1)
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| 176 |
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| 177 | # Get a list of ending lines for each cert
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| 178 | CERTENDLIST=`grep -n "^CKA_TRUST_STEP_UP_APPROVED" "${certdata}" | cut -d ":" -f 1`
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| 179 |
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| 180 | # Start a loop
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| 181 | for certbegin in ${CERTBEGINLIST}; do
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| 182 | for certend in ${CERTENDLIST}; do
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| 183 | if test "${certend}" -gt "${certbegin}"; then
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| 184 | break
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| 185 | fi
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| 186 | done
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| 187 |
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| 188 | # Dump to a temp file with the name of the file as the beginning line number
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| 189 | sed -n "${certbegin},${certend}p" "${certdata}" > "${TEMPDIR}/certs/${certbegin}.tmp"
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| 190 | done
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| 191 |
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| 192 | unset CERTBEGINLIST CERTDATA CERTENDLIST certebegin certend
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| 193 |
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| 194 | mkdir -p certs
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| 195 | rm certs/* # Make sure the directory is clean
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| 196 |
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| 197 | for tempfile in ${TEMPDIR}/certs/*.tmp; do
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| 198 | # Make sure that the cert is trusted...
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| 199 | grep "CKA_TRUST_SERVER_AUTH" "${tempfile}" | \
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[fe54f243] | 200 | egrep "TRUST_UNKNOWN|NOT_TRUSTED" > /dev/null
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[c9b953e6] | 201 |
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| 202 | if test "${?}" = "0"; then
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| 203 | # Throw a meaningful error and remove the file
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| 204 | cp "${tempfile}" tempfile.cer
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[9a1c6a74] | 205 | perl ${CONVERTSCRIPT} > tempfile.crt
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[c9b953e6] | 206 | keyhash=$(openssl x509 -noout -in tempfile.crt -hash)
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| 207 | echo "Certificate ${keyhash} is not trusted! Removing..."
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| 208 | rm -f tempfile.cer tempfile.crt "${tempfile}"
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| 209 | continue
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| 210 | fi
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| 211 |
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| 212 | # If execution made it to here in the loop, the temp cert is trusted
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| 213 | # Find the cert data and generate a cert file for it
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| 214 |
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| 215 | cp "${tempfile}" tempfile.cer
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[9a1c6a74] | 216 | perl ${CONVERTSCRIPT} > tempfile.crt
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[c9b953e6] | 217 | keyhash=$(openssl x509 -noout -in tempfile.crt -hash)
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| 218 | mv tempfile.crt "certs/${keyhash}.pem"
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| 219 | rm -f tempfile.cer "${tempfile}"
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| 220 | echo "Created ${keyhash}.pem"
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| 221 | done
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| 222 |
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| 223 | # Remove blacklisted files
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| 224 | # MD5 Collision Proof of Concept CA
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| 225 | if test -f certs/8f111d69.pem; then
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| 226 | echo "Certificate 8f111d69 is not trusted! Removing..."
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| 227 | rm -f certs/8f111d69.pem
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| 228 | fi
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| 229 |
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| 230 | # Finally, generate the bundle and clean up.
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| 231 | cat certs/*.pem > ${BUNDLE}
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| 232 | rm -r "${TEMPDIR}"
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| 233 | EOF
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| 234 |
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| 235 | chmod +x /bin/make-ca.sh</userinput></screen>
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| 236 |
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[6ad29d3] | 237 | <para>Add a short script to remove expired certificates from a directory.
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[f216c56] | 238 | Again create this script as the <systemitem
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| 239 | class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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| 240 |
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[de5068d] | 241 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /bin/remove-expired-certs.sh << "EOF"
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[f216c56] | 242 | #!/bin/bash
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| 243 | # Begin /bin/remove-expired-certs.sh
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[fe54f243] | 244 | #
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| 245 | # Version 20120211
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| 246 |
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| 247 | # Make sure the date is parsed correctly on all systems
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| 248 | function mydate()
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| 249 | {
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| 250 | local y=$( echo $1 | cut -d" " -f4 )
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| 251 | local M=$( echo $1 | cut -d" " -f1 )
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| 252 | local d=$( echo $1 | cut -d" " -f2 )
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| 253 | local m
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| 254 |
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[f42ffb8a] | 255 | if [ ${d} -lt 10 ]; then d="0${d}"; fi
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| 256 |
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[fe54f243] | 257 | case $M in
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| 258 | Jan) m="01";;
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| 259 | Feb) m="02";;
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| 260 | Mar) m="03";;
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| 261 | Apr) m="04";;
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| 262 | May) m="05";;
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| 263 | Jun) m="06";;
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| 264 | Jul) m="07";;
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| 265 | Aug) m="08";;
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| 266 | Sep) m="09";;
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| 267 | Oct) m="10";;
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| 268 | Nov) m="11";;
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| 269 | Dec) m="12";;
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| 270 | esac
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| 271 |
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| 272 | certdate="${y}${m}${d}"
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| 273 | }
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[f216c56] | 274 |
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| 275 | OPENSSL=/usr/bin/openssl
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| 276 | DIR=/etc/ssl/certs
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| 277 |
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| 278 | if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then
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| 279 | DIR="$1"
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| 280 | fi
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| 281 |
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| 282 | certs=$( find ${DIR} -type f -name "*.pem" -o -name "*.crt" )
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| 283 | today=$( date +%Y%m%d )
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| 284 |
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| 285 | for cert in $certs; do
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| 286 | notafter=$( $OPENSSL x509 -enddate -in "${cert}" -noout )
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| 287 | date=$( echo ${notafter} | sed 's/^notAfter=//' )
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[f42ffb8a] | 288 | mydate "$date"
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[f216c56] | 289 |
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[fe54f243] | 290 | if [ ${certdate} -lt ${today} ]; then
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[f42ffb8a] | 291 | echo "${cert} expired on ${certdate}! Removing..."
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[f216c56] | 292 | rm -f "${cert}"
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| 293 | fi
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| 294 | done
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| 295 | EOF
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| 296 |
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| 297 | chmod +x /bin/remove-expired-certs.sh</userinput></screen>
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| 298 |
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[c9b953e6] | 299 | <para>The following commands will fetch the certificates and convert them to
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| 300 | the correct format. If desired, a web browser may be used instead of
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| 301 | <application>wget</application> but the file will need to be saved with the
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| 302 | name <filename>certdata.txt</filename>. These commands can be repeated as
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| 303 | necessary to update the CA Certificates.</para>
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| 304 |
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| 305 | <screen><userinput>certhost='http://mxr.mozilla.org' &&
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| 306 | certdir='/mozilla/source/security/nss/lib/ckfw/builtins' &&
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| 307 | url="$certhost$certdir/certdata.txt?raw=1" &&
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| 308 |
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| 309 | wget --output-document certdata.txt $url &&
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| 310 | unset certhost certdir url &&
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[f216c56] | 311 | make-ca.sh &&
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| 312 | remove-expired-certs.sh certs</userinput></screen>
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[c9b953e6] | 313 |
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| 314 | <para>Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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| 315 |
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[de5068d] | 316 | <screen role="root"><userinput>SSLDIR=/etc/ssl &&
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[f216c56] | 317 | install -d ${SSLDIR}/certs &&
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| 318 | cp -v certs/*.pem ${SSLDIR}/certs &&
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| 319 | c_rehash &&
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| 320 | install BLFS-ca-bundle*.crt ${SSLDIR}/ca-bundle.crt &&
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| 321 | unset SSLDIR</userinput></screen>
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[c9b953e6] | 322 |
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| 323 | <para>Finally, clean up the current directory:</para>
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| 324 |
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| 325 | <screen><userinput>rm -r certs BLFS-ca-bundle*</userinput></screen>
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| 326 |
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| 327 | </sect2>
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| 328 |
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| 329 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 330 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 331 |
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| 332 | <segmentedlist>
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| 333 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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| 334 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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| 335 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 336 |
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| 337 | <seglistitem>
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[f216c56] | 338 | <seg>make-ca.sh, make-cert.pl and remove-expired-certs.sh</seg>
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[c9b953e6] | 339 | <seg>None</seg>
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| 340 | <seg>/etc/ssl/certs</seg>
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| 341 | </seglistitem>
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| 342 | </segmentedlist>
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| 343 |
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| 344 | <variablelist>
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| 345 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 346 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 347 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 348 |
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| 349 | <varlistentry id="make-ca">
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| 350 | <term><command>make-ca.sh</command></term>
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| 351 | <listitem>
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| 352 | <para>is a <application>bash</application> script that reformats
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| 353 | the <filename>certdata.txt</filename> file for use by
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| 354 | <application>openssl</application>.</para>
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| 355 | <indexterm zone="cacerts make-ca">
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| 356 | <primary sortas="b-make-ca">make-ca</primary>
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| 357 | </indexterm>
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| 358 | </listitem>
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| 359 | </varlistentry>
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| 360 |
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| 361 | <varlistentry id="make-cert">
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| 362 | <term><command>make-cert.pl</command></term>
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| 363 | <listitem>
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[9a1c6a74] | 364 | <para>is a utility <application>perl</application> script that
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[c9b953e6] | 365 | converts a single binary certificate (.der format) into .pem format.</para>
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| 366 | <indexterm zone="cacerts make-cert">
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| 367 | <primary sortas="b-make-cert">make-cert</primary>
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| 368 | </indexterm>
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| 369 | </listitem>
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| 370 | </varlistentry>
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[f216c56] | 371 |
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| 372 | <varlistentry id="remove-expired-certs">
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| 373 | <term><command>remove-expired-certs.sh</command></term>
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| 374 | <listitem>
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[9a1c6a74] | 375 | <para>is a utility <application>perl</application> script that
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[068c8df] | 376 | removes expired certificates from a directory. The default
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[6ad29d3] | 377 | directory is <filename class='directory'>/etc/ssl/certs</filename>.</para>
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[f216c56] | 378 | <indexterm zone="cacerts remove-expired-certs">
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| 379 | <primary sortas="b-remove-expired-certs">remove-expired-certs</primary>
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| 380 | </indexterm>
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| 381 | </listitem>
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| 382 | </varlistentry>
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[c9b953e6] | 383 | </variablelist>
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| 384 |
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| 385 | </sect2>
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| 386 | </sect1>
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