1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 |
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7 | <!ENTITY certhost "https://hg.mozilla.org/">
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8 | <!ENTITY certpath "/lib/ckfw/builtins/certdata.txt">
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9 | <!ENTITY cacerts-buildsize "6.5 MB (with all runtime deps)">
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10 | <!ENTITY cacerts-time "0.2 SBU (with all runtime deps)">
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11 |
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12 | <!ENTITY make-ca-download "https://github.com/djlucas/make-ca/archive/v&make-ca-version;/make-ca-&make-ca-version;.tar.gz">
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13 | <!ENTITY make-ca-size "36 KB">
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14 | <!ENTITY make-ca-md5sum "851f9e267f343c54db8caa87ec5b3d75">
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15 | ]>
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16 |
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17 | <sect1 id="cacerts" xreflabel="Certificate Authority Certificates">
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18 | <?dbhtml filename="cacerts.html"?>
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19 |
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20 | <sect1info>
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21 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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22 | <date>$Date$</date>
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23 | </sect1info>
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24 |
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25 | <title>Certificate Authority Certificates</title>
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26 |
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27 | <para>Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a method to validate the
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28 | authenticity of an otherwise unknown entity across untrusted networks. PKI
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29 | works by establishing a chain of trust, rather than trusting each individual
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30 | host or entity explicitly. In order for a certificate presented by a remote
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31 | entity to be trusted, that certificate must present a complete chain of
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32 | certificates that can be validated using the root certificate of a
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33 | Certificate Authority (CA) that is trusted by the local machine.</para>
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34 |
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35 | <para>Establishing trust with a CA involves validating things like company
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36 | address, ownership, contact information, etc., and ensuring that the CA has
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37 | followed best practices, such as undergoing periodic security audits by
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38 | independent investigators and maintaining an always available certificate
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39 | revocation list. This is well outside the scope of BLFS (as it is for most
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40 | Linux distributions). The certificate store provided here is taken from the
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41 | Mozilla Foundation, who have established very strict inclusion policies
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42 | described
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43 | <ulink url="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/about/governance/policies/security-group/certs/">here</ulink>.</para>
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44 |
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45 | &lfs82_checked;
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46 |
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47 | <indexterm zone="cacerts">
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48 | <primary sortas="a-cacerts">Certificate Authority Certificates</primary>
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49 | </indexterm>
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50 |
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51 | <sect2 role="package">
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52 | <title>Introduction to Certificate Authorities</title>
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53 |
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54 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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55 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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56 | <listitem>
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57 | <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&make-ca-download;"/></para>
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58 | </listitem>
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59 | <listitem>
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60 | <para>Download size: &make-ca-size;</para>
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61 | </listitem>
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62 | <listitem>
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63 | <para>Download MD5 Sum: &make-ca-md5sum;</para>
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64 | </listitem>
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65 | <listitem>
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66 | <para>Estimated disk space required: &cacerts-buildsize;</para>
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67 | </listitem>
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68 | <listitem>
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69 | <para>Estimated build time: &cacerts-time;</para>
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70 | </listitem>
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71 | </itemizedlist>
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72 |
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73 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Certificate Authority Certificates Dependencies</bridgehead>
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74 | <!--
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75 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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76 | <para role="required"><xref linkend="openssl"/></para>
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77 | -->
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78 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (runtime)</bridgehead>
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79 | <para role="optional">
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80 | <xref role="runtime" linkend="java"/> or
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81 | <xref role="runtime" linkend="openjdk"/>,
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82 | <xref role="runtime" linkend="nss"/>, and
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83 | <xref role="runtime" linkend="p11-kit"/>
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84 | </para>
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85 |
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86 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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87 | <ulink url='&blfs-wiki;/cacerts'/></para>
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88 | </sect2>
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89 |
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90 | <sect2 role="installation">
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91 | <title>Installation of Certificate Authority Certificates</title>
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92 |
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93 | <para>The <application>make-ca</application> script will download and
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94 | process the certificates included in the <filename>certdata.txt</filename>
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95 | file for use in multiple certificate stores (if the associated applications
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96 | are present on the system). Additionally, any local certificates stored in
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97 | <filename>/etc/ssl/local</filename> will be imported to the certificate
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98 | stores. Certificates in this directory should be stored as PEM encoded
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99 | <application>OpenSSL</application> trusted certificates.</para>
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100 |
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101 | <para>To create an <application>OpenSSL</application> trusted certificate
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102 | from a regular PEM encoded file, you need to add trust arguments to the
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103 | <command>openssl</command> command, and create a new certificate. There are
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104 | three trust types that are recognized by the
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105 | <application>make-ca</application> script, SSL/TLS, S/Mime, and code
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106 | signing. For example, using the
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107 | <ulink url="http://www.cacert.org/">CAcert</ulink> roots, if you want to
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108 | trust both for all three roles, the following commands will create
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109 | appropriate OpenSSL trusted certificates (run as the <systemitem
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110 | class="username">root</systemitem> user):</para>
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111 |
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112 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>install -vdm755 /etc/ssl/local &&
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113 | wget http://www.cacert.org/certs/root.crt &&
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114 | wget http://www.cacert.org/certs/class3.crt &&
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115 | openssl x509 -in root.crt -text -fingerprint -setalias "CAcert Class 1 root" \
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116 | -addtrust serverAuth -addtrust emailProtection -addtrust codeSigning \
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117 | > /etc/ssl/local/CAcert_Class_1_root.pem &&
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118 | openssl x509 -in class3.crt -text -fingerprint -setalias "CAcert Class 3 root" \
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119 | -addtrust serverAuth -addtrust emailProtection -addtrust codeSigning \
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120 | > /etc/ssl/local/CAcert_Class_3_root.pem</userinput></screen>
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121 |
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122 | <para>If one of the three trust arguments is omitted, the certificate is
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123 | neither trusted, nor rejected for that role. Clients that use
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124 | <application>OpenSSL</application> or <application>NSS</application>
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125 | encountering this certificate will present a warning to the user. Clients
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126 | using <application>GnuTLS</application> without
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127 | <application>p11-kit</application> support are not aware of trusted
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128 | certificates. To include this CA into the ca-bundle.crt (used for
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129 | <application>GnuTLS</application>), it must have <envar>serverAuth</envar>
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130 | trust. Additionally, to explicitly disallow a certificate for a particular
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131 | use, replace the <parameter>-addtrust</parameter> flag with the
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132 | <parameter>-addreject</parameter> flag.</para>
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133 |
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134 | <para>To install the various certificate stores, first install the
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135 | <application>make-ca</application> script into the correct location.
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136 | As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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137 |
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138 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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139 |
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140 | <para>As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, download
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141 | and update the certificate stores with the following command:</para>
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142 |
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143 | <note>
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144 | <para>If running the script a second time with the same version of
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145 | <filename>certdata.txt</filename>, for instance, to add additional stores
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146 | as the requisite software is installed, add the <parameter>-f</parameter>
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147 | switch to the command line. If packaging, run <command>make-ca
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148 | --help</command> to see all available command line options.</para>
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149 | </note>
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150 |
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151 | <screen role="root"><userinput>/usr/sbin/make-ca -g</userinput></screen>
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152 |
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153 | <para>You should periodically update the store with the above command
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154 | either manually, or via a <phrase revision="sysv">cron job.</phrase>
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155 | <phrase revision="systemd">systemd timer. A timer is installed at
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156 | <filename>/etc/systemd/system/update-pki.timer</filename> that, if enabled,
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157 | will check for updates weekly.</phrase></para>
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158 |
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159 | <para>The default <filename>certdata.txt</filename> file provided by make-ca
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160 | is obtained from the mozilla-release branch, and is modified to provide a
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161 | Mercurial revision. This will be the correct version for most
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162 | systems. There are, however, several other variants of the file available
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163 | for use that might be preferred for one reason or another, including the
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164 | files shipped with Mozilla products in this book. RedHat and OpenSUSE,
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165 | for instance, use the version included in <xref linkend="nss"/>. Additional
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166 | upstream downloads are available at the links below.</para>
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167 |
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168 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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169 | <listitem>
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170 | <para>Mozilla Release (the version provided by BLFS):
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171 | <ulink url="&certhost;releases/mozilla-release/raw-file/default/security/nss&certpath;"/>
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172 | </para>
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173 | </listitem>
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174 | <listitem>
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175 | <para>NSS (this is the latest available version):
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176 | <ulink url="&certhost;projects/nss/raw-file/tip&certpath;"/>
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177 | </para>
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178 | </listitem>
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179 | <listitem>
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180 | <para>Mozilla Central:
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181 | <ulink url="&certhost;mozilla-central/raw-file/default/security/nss&certpath;"/>
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182 | </para>
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183 | </listitem>
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184 | <listitem>
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185 | <para>Mozilla Beta:
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186 | <ulink url="&certhost;releases/mozilla-beta/raw-file/default/security/nss&certpath;"/>
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187 | </para>
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188 | </listitem>
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189 | <listitem>
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190 | <para>Mozilla Aurora:
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191 | <ulink url="&certhost;releases/mozilla-aurora/raw-file/default/security/nss&certpath;"/>
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192 | </para>
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193 | </listitem>
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194 | </itemizedlist>
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195 |
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196 | </sect2>
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197 |
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198 | <sect2 role="content">
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199 | <title>Contents</title>
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200 |
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201 | <segmentedlist>
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202 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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203 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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204 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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205 |
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206 | <seglistitem>
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207 | <seg>make-ca</seg>
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208 | <seg>None</seg>
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209 | <seg>/etc/ssl/{certs,java,local} and /etc/pki/{nssdb,anchors}</seg>
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210 | </seglistitem>
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211 | </segmentedlist>
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212 |
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213 | <variablelist>
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214 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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215 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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216 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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217 |
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218 | <varlistentry id="make-ca">
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219 | <term><command>make-ca</command></term>
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220 | <listitem>
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221 | <para>is a shell script that adapts a current version of
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222 | <filename>certdata.txt</filename>, and prepares it for use
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223 | as the system certificate store.</para>
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224 | <indexterm zone="cacerts make-ca">
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225 | <primary sortas="b-make-ca">make-ca</primary>
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226 | </indexterm>
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227 | </listitem>
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228 | </varlistentry>
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229 | </variablelist>
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230 |
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231 | </sect2>
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232 | </sect1>
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