[b4b71892] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[6732c094] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[b4b71892] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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[baf47952] | 7 | <!ENTITY iptables-download-http "http://www.netfilter.org/projects/iptables/files/iptables-&iptables-version;.tar.bz2">
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[b4b71892] | 8 | <!ENTITY iptables-download-ftp "ftp://ftp.netfilter.org/pub/iptables/iptables-&iptables-version;.tar.bz2">
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[c8f569a] | 9 | <!ENTITY iptables-md5sum "387b92d3efcf4f07fe31c3bf0f1d18f5">
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| 10 | <!ENTITY iptables-size "540 KB">
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[5129caa] | 11 | <!ENTITY iptables-buildsize "23 MB">
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| 12 | <!ENTITY iptables-time "0.2 SBU">
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[b4b71892] | 13 | ]>
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| 14 |
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[4591404] | 15 | <sect1 id="iptables" xreflabel="Iptables-&iptables-version;">
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[71072bbe] | 16 | <?dbhtml filename="iptables.html"?>
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| 17 |
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| 18 | <sect1info>
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| 19 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 20 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 21 | </sect1info>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <title>Iptables-&iptables-version;</title>
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| 24 |
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| 25 | <indexterm zone="iptables">
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| 26 | <primary sortas="a-Iptables">Iptables</primary>
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| 27 | </indexterm>
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| 28 |
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| 29 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 30 | <title>Introduction to Iptables</title>
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| 31 |
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[4591404] | 32 | <para>
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[d6da5da] | 33 | The next part of this chapter deals with firewalls. The principal
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[4591404] | 34 | firewall tool for Linux is <application>Iptables</application>. You will
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| 35 | need to install <application>Iptables</application> if you intend on using
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| 36 | any form of a firewall.
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| 37 | </para>
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[71072bbe] | 38 |
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[01cecdc2] | 39 | &lfs74_checked;
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[93236c2] | 40 |
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[71072bbe] | 41 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 42 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 43 | <listitem>
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[4591404] | 44 | <para>
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| 45 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&iptables-download-http;"/>
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| 46 | </para>
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[71072bbe] | 47 | </listitem>
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| 48 | <listitem>
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[4591404] | 49 | <para>
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| 50 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&iptables-download-ftp;"/>
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| 51 | </para>
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[71072bbe] | 52 | </listitem>
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| 53 | <listitem>
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[4591404] | 54 | <para>
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| 55 | Download MD5 sum: &iptables-md5sum;
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| 56 | </para>
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[71072bbe] | 57 | </listitem>
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| 58 | <listitem>
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[4591404] | 59 | <para>
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| 60 | Download size: &iptables-size;
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| 61 | </para>
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[71072bbe] | 62 | </listitem>
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| 63 | <listitem>
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[4591404] | 64 | <para>
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| 65 | Estimated disk space required: &iptables-buildsize;
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| 66 | </para>
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[71072bbe] | 67 | </listitem>
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| 68 | <listitem>
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[4591404] | 69 | <para>
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| 70 | Estimated build time: &iptables-time;
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| 71 | </para>
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[71072bbe] | 72 | </listitem>
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| 73 | </itemizedlist>
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[d6da5da] | 74 |
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[3597eb6] | 75 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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[4591404] | 76 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/iptables"/>
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| 77 | </para>
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[ce6ccc9] | 78 | </sect2>
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[b4b71892] | 79 |
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[4591404] | 80 | <sect2 role="kernel" id="iptables-kernel">
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[71072bbe] | 81 | <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
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[b4b71892] | 82 |
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[4591404] | 83 | <para>
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| 84 | A firewall in Linux is accomplished through a portion of the
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| 85 | kernel called netfilter. The interface to netfilter is
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| 86 | <application>Iptables</application>. To use it, the appropriate
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| 87 | kernel configuration parameters are found in Networking Support ⇒
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| 88 | Networking Options ⇒ Network Packet Filtering Framework.
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| 89 | </para>
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[f8962fe] | 90 |
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[71072bbe] | 91 | <indexterm zone="iptables iptables-kernel">
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| 92 | <primary sortas="d-iptables">Iptables</primary>
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| 93 | </indexterm>
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[48ecffe8] | 94 |
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[71072bbe] | 95 | </sect2>
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[48ecffe8] | 96 |
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[71072bbe] | 97 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 98 | <title>Installation of Iptables</title>
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[48ecffe8] | 99 |
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[71072bbe] | 100 | <note>
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[4591404] | 101 | <para>
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| 102 | The installation below does not include building some specialized
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| 103 | extension libraries which require the raw headers in the
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| 104 | <application>Linux</application> source code. If you wish to build the
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| 105 | additional extensions (if you aren't sure, then you probably don't), you
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| 106 | can look at the <filename>INSTALL</filename> file to see an example of
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| 107 | how to change the <parameter>KERNEL_DIR=</parameter> parameter to point
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| 108 | at the <application>Linux</application> source code. Note that if you
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| 109 | upgrade the kernel version, you may also need to recompile
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| 110 | <application>Iptables</application> and that the BLFS team has not tested
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| 111 | using the raw kernel headers.
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| 112 | </para>
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| 113 |
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| 114 | <para>
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| 115 | For some non-x86 architectures, the raw kernel headers may be
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| 116 | required. In that case, modify the <parameter>KERNEL_DIR=</parameter>
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| 117 | parameter to point at the <application>Linux</application> source
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| 118 | code.
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| 119 | </para>
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[71072bbe] | 120 | </note>
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| 121 |
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[4591404] | 122 | <para>
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| 123 | Install <application>Iptables</application> by running the following
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| 124 | commands:
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| 125 | </para>
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| 126 |
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[d6da5da] | 127 | <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
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[4591404] | 128 | --exec-prefix= \
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[23407e4] | 129 | --bindir=/usr/bin \
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[4591404] | 130 | --with-xtlibdir=/lib/xtables \
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| 131 | --with-pkgconfigdir=/usr/lib/pkgconfig \
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| 132 | --enable-libipq \
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| 133 | --enable-devel &&
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[bf157fc2] | 134 | make</userinput></screen>
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[ce6ccc9] | 135 |
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| 136 | <para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para>
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[71072bbe] | 137 |
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| 138 | <para>Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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| 139 |
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[93236c2] | 140 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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[23407e4] | 141 | ln -sfv ../../sbin/xtables-multi /usr/bin/iptables-xml &&
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| 142 | for file in libip4tc libip6tc libipq libiptc libxtables
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| 143 | do
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| 144 | ln -sfv ../../lib/`readlink /lib/${file}.so` /usr/lib/${file}.so &&
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| 145 | rm -v /lib/${file}.so &&
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| 146 | mv -v /lib/${file}.la /usr/lib &&
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| 147 | sed -i "s@libdir='@&/usr@g" /usr/lib/${file}.la
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| 148 | done</userinput></screen>
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[71072bbe] | 149 |
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| 150 | </sect2>
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[d40737d] | 151 |
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[71072bbe] | 152 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 153 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 154 |
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[4591404] | 155 | <para>
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| 156 | <parameter>--exec-prefix=</parameter>: Ensure all binaries and
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| 157 | libraries end up in <filename class="directory">/</filename>
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| 158 | directory tree.
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| 159 | </para>
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| 160 |
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| 161 | <para>
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[0d7900a] | 162 | <parameter>--with-xtlibdir=/lib/xtables</parameter>: Ensure all
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| 163 | <application>Iptables</application> modules are installed in the
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[4591404] | 164 | <filename class="directory">/lib/xtables</filename> directory.
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| 165 | </para>
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| 166 |
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| 167 | <para>
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| 168 | <parameter>--with-pkgconfigdir=/usr/lib/pkgconfig</parameter>:
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| 169 | Ensure all the pkgconfig files are in the standard location.
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| 170 | </para>
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| 171 |
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| 172 | <para>
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| 173 | <option>--enable-libipq</option>: This switch enables building
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| 174 | of <filename class="libraryfile">libipq.so</filename> which
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| 175 | can be used by some packages outside of BLFS.
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| 176 | </para>
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| 177 |
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| 178 | <para>
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| 179 | <option>--enable-devel</option>: This switch enables installation
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| 180 | of <application>Iptables</application> development headers that
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| 181 | can be used by some packages outside of BLFS.
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| 182 | </para>
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| 183 |
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| 184 | <para>
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[23407e4] | 185 | <command>ln -sfv ../../sbin/xtables-multi /usr/bin/iptables-xml</command>:
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| 186 | Ensure the symbolic link for <command>iptables-xml</command> is relative.
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[4591404] | 187 | </para>
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[93236c2] | 188 |
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[71072bbe] | 189 | </sect2>
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[d40737d] | 190 |
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[71072bbe] | 191 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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| 192 | <title>Configuring Iptables</title>
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| 193 |
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[4591404] | 194 | <para>
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| 195 | Introductory instructions for configuring your firewall are
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| 196 | presented in the next section: <xref linkend="fw-firewall"/>
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| 197 | </para>
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[71072bbe] | 198 |
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| 199 | <sect3 id="iptables-init">
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| 200 | <title>Boot Script</title>
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| 201 |
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[4591404] | 202 | <para>
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| 203 | To set up the iptables firewall at boot, install the
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| 204 | <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables</filename> init script included
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| 205 | in the <xref linkend="bootscripts"/> package.
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| 206 | </para>
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[71072bbe] | 207 |
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| 208 | <indexterm zone="iptables iptables-init">
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| 209 | <primary sortas="f-iptables">iptables</primary>
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| 210 | </indexterm>
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| 211 |
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| 212 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install-iptables</userinput></screen>
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| 213 |
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| 214 | </sect3>
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| 215 |
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| 216 | </sect2>
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| 217 |
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| 218 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 219 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 220 |
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| 221 | <segmentedlist>
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| 222 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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| 223 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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[bf157fc2] | 224 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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[71072bbe] | 225 |
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| 226 | <seglistitem>
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[4591404] | 227 | <seg>
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| 228 | ip6tables, ip6tables-restore, ip6tables-save, iptables, iptables-restore,
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[c8f569a] | 229 | iptables-save, iptables-xml, and xtables-multi
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[4591404] | 230 | </seg>
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| 231 | <seg>
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[c8f569a] | 232 | libip4tc.so, libip6tc.so, libipq.so, libiptc.so, and libxtables.so
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[4591404] | 233 | </seg>
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| 234 | <seg>
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| 235 | /lib/xtables and /usr/include/libiptc
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| 236 | </seg>
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[71072bbe] | 237 | </seglistitem>
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| 238 | </segmentedlist>
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| 239 |
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| 240 | <variablelist>
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| 241 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 242 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 243 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 244 |
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| 245 | <varlistentry id="iptables-prog">
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| 246 | <term><command>iptables</command></term>
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| 247 | <listitem>
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[4591404] | 248 | <para>
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| 249 | is used to set up, maintain, and inspect the tables of
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| 250 | IP packet filter rules in the Linux kernel.
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| 251 | </para>
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[71072bbe] | 252 | <indexterm zone="iptables iptables-prog">
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| 253 | <primary sortas="b-iptables">iptables</primary>
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| 254 | </indexterm>
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| 255 | </listitem>
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| 256 | </varlistentry>
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| 257 |
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| 258 | <varlistentry id="iptables-restore">
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| 259 | <term><command>iptables-restore</command></term>
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| 260 | <listitem>
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[4591404] | 261 | <para>
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| 262 | is used to restore IP Tables from data specified on
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| 263 | STDIN. Use I/O redirection provided by your
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| 264 | shell to read from a file.
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| 265 | </para>
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[71072bbe] | 266 | <indexterm zone="iptables iptables-restore">
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| 267 | <primary sortas="b-iptables-restore">iptables-restore</primary>
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| 268 | </indexterm>
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| 269 | </listitem>
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| 270 | </varlistentry>
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| 271 |
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| 272 | <varlistentry id="iptables-save">
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| 273 | <term><command>iptables-save</command></term>
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| 274 | <listitem>
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[4591404] | 275 | <para>
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| 276 | is used to dump the contents of an IP Table in easily
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| 277 | parseable format to STDOUT. Use I/O-redirection
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| 278 | provided by your shell to write to a file.
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| 279 | </para>
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[71072bbe] | 280 | <indexterm zone="iptables iptables-save">
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| 281 | <primary sortas="b-iptables-save">iptables-save</primary>
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| 282 | </indexterm>
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| 283 | </listitem>
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| 284 | </varlistentry>
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| 285 |
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[6a97e97] | 286 | <varlistentry id="iptables-xml">
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| 287 | <term><command>iptables-xml</command></term>
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| 288 | <listitem>
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[4591404] | 289 | <para>
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| 290 | is used to convert the output of
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| 291 | <command>iptables-save</command> to an XML format. Using the
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| 292 | <filename>iptables.xslt</filename> stylesheet converts the XML
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| 293 | back to the format of <command>iptables-restore</command>.
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| 294 | </para>
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[6a97e97] | 295 | <indexterm zone="iptables iptables-xml">
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| 296 | <primary sortas="b-iptables-xml">iptables-xml</primary>
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| 297 | </indexterm>
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| 298 | </listitem>
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| 299 | </varlistentry>
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| 300 |
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[71072bbe] | 301 | <varlistentry id="ip6tables">
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[bf157fc2] | 302 | <term><command>ip6tables*</command></term>
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[71072bbe] | 303 | <listitem>
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[4591404] | 304 | <para>
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| 305 | are a set of commands for IPV6 that parallel the iptables
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| 306 | commands above.
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| 307 | </para>
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[71072bbe] | 308 | <indexterm zone="iptables ip6tables">
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| 309 | <primary sortas="b-ip6tables">ip6tables</primary>
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| 310 | </indexterm>
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| 311 | </listitem>
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| 312 | </varlistentry>
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| 313 |
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| 314 | </variablelist>
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| 315 |
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| 316 | </sect2>
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[b4b71892] | 317 |
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[f45b1953] | 318 | </sect1>
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