[b4b71892] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[6732c094] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[b4b71892] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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[db248d06] | 7 | <!ENTITY linux-pam-download-http "http://linux-pam.org/library/Linux-PAM-&linux-pam-version;.tar.bz2">
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[1ae6204] | 8 | <!ENTITY linux-pam-download-ftp " ">
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[495e81c3] | 9 | <!ENTITY linux-pam-md5sum "ee4a480d77b341c99e8b1375f8f180c0">
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| 10 | <!ENTITY linux-pam-size "1.3 MB">
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| 11 | <!ENTITY linux-pam-buildsize "31 MB">
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[1ae6204] | 12 | <!ENTITY linux-pam-time "0.3 SBU">
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[903f671] | 13 |
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[db248d06] | 14 | <!ENTITY linux-pam-docs-download "http://linux-pam.org/documentation/Linux-PAM-&linux-pam-version;-docs.tar.bz2">
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[495e81c3] | 15 | <!ENTITY linux-pam-docs-md5sum "558378b8be9b8b5c987326f4529f2130">
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| 16 | <!ENTITY linux-pam-docs-size "480 KB">
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[1ae6204] | 17 | <!ENTITY debian-pam-docs "http://debian.securedservers.com/kernel/pub/linux/libs/pam">
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[b4b71892] | 18 | ]>
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| 19 |
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[6603f8b] | 20 | <sect1 id="linux-pam" xreflabel="Linux-PAM-&linux-pam-version;">
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| 21 | <?dbhtml filename="linux-pam.html"?>
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[c7eb655] | 22 |
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| 23 | <sect1info>
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| 24 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 25 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 26 | </sect1info>
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| 27 |
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[6603f8b] | 28 | <title>Linux-PAM-&linux-pam-version;</title>
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[c7eb655] | 29 |
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[6603f8b] | 30 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam">
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| 31 | <primary sortas="a-Linux-PAM">Linux-PAM</primary>
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[c7eb655] | 32 | </indexterm>
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| 33 |
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| 34 | <sect2 role="package">
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[db248d06] | 35 | <title>Introduction to Linux PAM</title>
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[c7eb655] | 36 |
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[db248d06] | 37 | <para>
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| 38 | The <application>Linux PAM</application> package contains
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| 39 | Pluggable Authentication Modules used to enable the local
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| 40 | system administrator to choose how applications authenticate
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| 41 | users.
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| 42 | </para>
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[c7eb655] | 43 |
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[495e81c3] | 44 | &lfs77_checked; &gcc5_checked;
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[f4797d2] | 45 |
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[c7eb655] | 46 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 47 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 48 | <listitem>
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[db248d06] | 49 | <para>
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| 50 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&linux-pam-download-http;"/>
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| 51 | </para>
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[c7eb655] | 52 | </listitem>
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| 53 | <listitem>
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[db248d06] | 54 | <para>
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| 55 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&linux-pam-download-ftp;"/>
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| 56 | </para>
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[c7eb655] | 57 | </listitem>
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| 58 | <listitem>
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[db248d06] | 59 | <para>
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| 60 | Download MD5 sum: &linux-pam-md5sum;
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| 61 | </para>
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[c7eb655] | 62 | </listitem>
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| 63 | <listitem>
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[db248d06] | 64 | <para>
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| 65 | Download size: &linux-pam-size;
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| 66 | </para>
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[c7eb655] | 67 | </listitem>
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| 68 | <listitem>
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[db248d06] | 69 | <para>
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| 70 | Estimated disk space required: &linux-pam-buildsize;
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| 71 | </para>
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[c7eb655] | 72 | </listitem>
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| 73 | <listitem>
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[db248d06] | 74 | <para>
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| 75 | Estimated build time: &linux-pam-time;
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| 76 | </para>
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[c7eb655] | 77 | </listitem>
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| 78 | </itemizedlist>
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| 79 |
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| 80 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
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[db248d06] | 81 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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[07f0c976] | 82 | <title>Optional Documentation</title>
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[c7eb655] | 83 | <listitem>
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[db248d06] | 84 | <para>
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| 85 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&linux-pam-docs-download;"/>
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| 86 | </para>
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[903f671] | 87 | </listitem>
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| 88 | <listitem>
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[db248d06] | 89 | <para>
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| 90 | Download MD5 sum: &linux-pam-docs-md5sum;
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| 91 | </para>
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[903f671] | 92 | </listitem>
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| 93 | <listitem>
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[db248d06] | 94 | <para>
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| 95 | Download size &linux-pam-docs-size;
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| 96 | </para>
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[6576f3e] | 97 | </listitem>
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| 98 | </itemizedlist>
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| 99 |
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[db248d06] | 100 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Linux PAM Dependencies</bridgehead>
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[c7eb655] | 101 |
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| 102 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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[db248d06] | 103 | <para role="optional">
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| 104 | <xref linkend="db"/>,
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| 105 | <xref linkend="cracklib"/>,
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| 106 | <xref linkend="libtirpc"/> and
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| 107 | <ulink url="http://www.prelude-ids.org/">Prelude</ulink>
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| 108 | </para>
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| 109 |
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| 110 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (To Rebuild the Documentation)</bridgehead>
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| 111 | <para role="optional">
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| 112 | <xref linkend="DocBook"/>,
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| 113 | <xref linkend="docbook-xsl"/>,
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| 114 | <xref linkend="fop"/>,
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| 115 | <xref linkend="libxslt"/> and
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| 116 | <xref linkend="w3m"/>
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| 117 | </para>
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[c7eb655] | 118 |
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[3597eb6] | 119 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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[db248d06] | 120 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/linux-pam"/>
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| 121 | </para>
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[c7eb655] | 122 | </sect2>
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| 123 |
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| 124 | <sect2 role="installation">
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[db248d06] | 125 | <title>Installation of Linux PAM</title>
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[c7eb655] | 126 |
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[db248d06] | 127 | <para>
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| 128 | If you downloaded the documentation, unpack the tarball by issuing
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| 129 | the following command.
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| 130 | </para>
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[903f671] | 131 |
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[651ec29] | 132 | <screen><userinput>tar -xf ../Linux-PAM-&linux-pam-version;-docs.tar.bz2 --strip-components=1</userinput></screen>
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[ccb8b2d] | 133 |
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[db248d06] | 134 | <para>
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| 135 | Install <application>Linux PAM</application> by
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| 136 | running the following commands:
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| 137 | </para>
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[c7eb655] | 138 |
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[db248d06] | 139 | <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
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| 140 | --sysconfdir=/etc \
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[5ae7a99] | 141 | --libdir=/usr/lib \
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| 142 | --enable-securedir=/lib/security \
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[7cadfea] | 143 | --docdir=/usr/share/doc/Linux-PAM-&linux-pam-version; &&
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[c7eb655] | 144 | make</userinput></screen>
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[17fb537e] | 145 |
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[db248d06] | 146 | <para>
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[5c6a906] | 147 | To test the results, a suitable <filename>/etc/pam.d/other</filename>
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| 148 | configuration file must exist.
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| 149 | </para>
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| 150 |
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| 151 | <caution>
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| 152 | <title>Reinstallation or upgrade of Linux PAM</title>
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| 153 | <para>
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| 154 | If you have a system with Linux PAM installed and working, be careful
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| 155 | when modifying the files in
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| 156 | <filename class="directory">/etc/pam.d</filename>, since your system
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| 157 | may become totally unusable. If you want to run the tests, you do not
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| 158 | need to create another <filename>/etc/pam.d/other</filename> file. The
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| 159 | installed one can be used for that purpose.
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| 160 | </para>
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| 161 |
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| 162 | <para>
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| 163 | You should also be aware that <command>make install</command>
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| 164 | overwrites the configuration files in
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| 165 | <filename class="directory">/etc/security</filename> as well as
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[af5d034] | 166 | <filename>/etc/environment</filename>. In case you
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[5c6a906] | 167 | have modified those files, be sure to backup them.
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| 168 | </para>
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| 169 | </caution>
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| 170 |
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| 171 | <para>
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| 172 | For a first installation, create the configuration file by issuing the
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| 173 | following commands as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
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| 174 | user:
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[db248d06] | 175 | </para>
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[903f671] | 176 |
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| 177 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m755 -d /etc/pam.d &&
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[c03a8bd] | 178 |
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[903f671] | 179 | cat > /etc/pam.d/other << "EOF"
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| 180 | auth required pam_deny.so
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| 181 | account required pam_deny.so
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| 182 | password required pam_deny.so
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| 183 | session required pam_deny.so
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| 184 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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[1ad238d8] | 185 |
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[db248d06] | 186 | <para>
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| 187 | Now run the tests by issuing <command>make check</command>.
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[5c6a906] | 188 | Ensure there are no errors produced by the tests before continuing the
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| 189 | installation.
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[db248d06] | 190 | </para>
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[903f671] | 191 |
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[db248d06] | 192 | <para>
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[5c6a906] | 193 | Only in case of a first installation, remove the configuration file
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| 194 | created earlier by issuing the following command as the
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[db248d06] | 195 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 196 | </para>
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[903f671] | 197 |
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[74f20a1] | 198 | <screen role="root"><userinput>rm -fv /etc/pam.d/*</userinput></screen>
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[f691f2b] | 199 |
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[db248d06] | 200 | <para>
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| 201 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
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| 202 | user:
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| 203 | </para>
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[17fb537e] | 204 |
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[c7eb655] | 205 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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[5ae7a99] | 206 | chmod -v 4755 /sbin/unix_chkpwd &&
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| 207 |
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| 208 | for file in pam pam_misc pamc
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| 209 | do
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| 210 | mv -v /usr/lib/lib${file}.so.* /lib &&
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| 211 | ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/lib${file}.so) /usr/lib/lib${file}.so
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| 212 | done</userinput></screen>
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| 213 |
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[c7eb655] | 214 | </sect2>
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[b4b71892] | 215 |
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[c7eb655] | 216 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 217 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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[b4b71892] | 218 |
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[db248d06] | 219 | <para>
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[5ae7a99] | 220 | <parameter>--enable-securedir=/lib/security</parameter>:
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| 221 | This switch sets install location for the
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| 222 | <application>PAM</application> modules.
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| 223 | </para>
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| 224 |
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[db248d06] | 225 | <para>
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[30004ce9] | 226 | <command>chmod -v 4755 /sbin/unix_chkpwd</command>:
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[db248d06] | 227 | The <command>unix_chkpwd</command> helper program must be setuid
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| 228 | so that non-<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
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| 229 | processes can access the shadow file.
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| 230 | </para>
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| 231 |
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[c7eb655] | 232 | </sect2>
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[b4b71892] | 233 |
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[c7eb655] | 234 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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| 235 | <title>Configuring Linux-PAM</title>
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[b4b71892] | 236 |
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[c7eb655] | 237 | <sect3 id="pam-config">
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| 238 | <title>Config Files</title>
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[b4b71892] | 239 |
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[db248d06] | 240 | <para>
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| 241 | <filename>/etc/security/*</filename> and
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| 242 | <filename>/etc/pam.d/*</filename>
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| 243 | </para>
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[b4b71892] | 244 |
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[6603f8b] | 245 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam pam-config">
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[c7eb655] | 246 | <primary sortas="e-etc-security">/etc/security/*</primary>
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| 247 | </indexterm>
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[b4b71892] | 248 |
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[6603f8b] | 249 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam pam-config">
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[c7eb655] | 250 | <primary sortas="e-etc-pam.d">/etc/pam.d/*</primary>
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| 251 | </indexterm>
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| 252 |
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| 253 | </sect3>
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| 254 |
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| 255 | <sect3>
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| 256 | <title>Configuration Information</title>
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| 257 |
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[db248d06] | 258 | <para>
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| 259 | Configuration information is placed in
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| 260 | <filename class="directory">/etc/pam.d/</filename>.
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| 261 | Below is an example file:
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| 262 | </para>
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[c7eb655] | 263 |
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| 264 | <screen><literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/other
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[b4b71892] | 265 |
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| 266 | auth required pam_unix.so nullok
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| 267 | account required pam_unix.so
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| 268 | session required pam_unix.so
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| 269 | password required pam_unix.so nullok
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| 270 |
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[db248d06] | 271 | # End /etc/pam.d/other</literal></screen>
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[b4b71892] | 272 |
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[78b5501] | 273 | <para>Now set up some generic files. As root:</para>
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| 274 |
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| 275 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/system-account << "EOF"
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| 276 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/system-account
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| 277 |
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| 278 | account required pam_unix.so
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| 279 |
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| 280 | # End /etc/pam.d/system-account</literal>
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| 281 | EOF
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| 282 |
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| 283 | cat > /etc/pam.d/system-auth << "EOF"
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| 284 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/system-auth
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| 285 |
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| 286 | auth required pam_unix.so
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| 287 |
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| 288 | # End /etc/pam.d/system-auth</literal>
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| 289 | EOF
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| 290 |
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| 291 | cat > /etc/pam.d/system-session << "EOF"
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| 292 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/system-session
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| 293 |
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| 294 | session required pam_unix.so
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| 295 |
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| 296 | # End /etc/pam.d/system-session</literal>
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| 297 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 298 |
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| 299 | <para>The remaining generic file depends on wheather <xref linkend="cracklib"/>
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| 300 | is installed. If it is installed, use:</para>
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| 301 |
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| 302 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/system-password << "EOF"
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| 303 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/system-password
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| 304 |
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| 305 | # check new passwords for strength (man pam_cracklib)
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| 306 | password required pam_cracklib.so type=Linux retry=3 difok=5 \
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| 307 | difignore=23 minlen=9 dcredit=1 \
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| 308 | ucredit=1 lcredit=1 ocredit=1 \
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| 309 | dictpath=/lib/cracklib/pw_dict
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| 310 | # use sha512 hash for encryption, use shadow, and use the
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| 311 | # authentication token (chosen password) set by pam_cracklib
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| 312 | # above (or any previous modules)
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| 313 | password required pam_unix.so sha512 shadow use_authtok
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| 314 |
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| 315 | # End /etc/pam.d/system-password</literal>
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| 316 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 317 |
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| 318 | <note>
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| 319 | <para>
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| 320 | In its default configuration, pam_cracklib will
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| 321 | allow multiple case passwords as short as 6 characters, even with
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| 322 | the <parameter>minlen</parameter> value set to 11. You should review
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| 323 | the pam_cracklib(8) man page and determine if these default values
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| 324 | are acceptable for the security of your system.
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| 325 | </para>
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| 326 | </note>
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| 327 |
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| 328 | <para>If <xref linkend="cracklib"/> is <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> installed,
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| 329 | use:</para>
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| 330 |
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| 331 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/system-password << "EOF"
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| 332 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/system-password
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| 333 |
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| 334 | # use sha512 hash for encryption, use shadow, and try to use any previously
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| 335 | # defined authentication token (chosen password) set by any prior module
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| 336 | password required pam_unix.so sha512 shadow try_first_pass
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| 337 |
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| 338 | # End /etc/pam.d/system-password</literal>
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[74f20a1] | 339 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 340 |
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| 341 | <para>Now add a restrictive <filename>/etc/pam.d/other</filename>
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| 342 | configuration file. With this file, programs that are PAM aware will not
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| 343 | run unless a configuration file specifically for that application is
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| 344 | created.</para>
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| 345 |
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| 346 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/other << "EOF"
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| 347 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/other
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| 348 |
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| 349 | auth required pam_warn.so
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| 350 | auth required pam_deny.so
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| 351 | account required pam_warn.so
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| 352 | account required pam_deny.so
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| 353 | password required pam_warn.so
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| 354 | password required pam_deny.so
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| 355 | session required pam_warn.so
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| 356 | session required pam_deny.so
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| 357 |
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| 358 | # End /etc/pam.d/other</literal>
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[78b5501] | 359 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 360 |
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[db248d06] | 361 | <para>
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| 362 | The <application>PAM</application> man page (<command>man
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| 363 | pam</command>) provides a good starting point for descriptions
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| 364 | of fields and allowable entries. The <ulink
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[f22f1ef3] | 365 | url="http://www.linux-pam.org/Linux-PAM-html/Linux-PAM_SAG.html">Linux-PAM
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[db248d06] | 366 | System Administrators' Guide</ulink> is recommended for additional
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| 367 | information.
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| 368 | </para>
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[b4b71892] | 369 |
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[db248d06] | 370 | <para>
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| 371 | Refer to <ulink url="&debian-pam-docs;/modules.html"/> for a list
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| 372 | of various third-party modules available.
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| 373 | </para>
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[c7eb655] | 374 |
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[ccb8b2d] | 375 | <important>
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[db248d06] | 376 | <para>
|
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| 377 | You should now reinstall the <xref linkend="shadow"/>
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| 378 | package.
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| 379 | </para>
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[ccb8b2d] | 380 | </important>
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[db248d06] | 381 |
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[c7eb655] | 382 | </sect3>
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[db248d06] | 383 |
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[c7eb655] | 384 | </sect2>
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| 385 |
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| 386 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 387 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 388 |
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| 389 | <segmentedlist>
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[ccb8b2d] | 390 | <segtitle>Installed Program</segtitle>
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[c7eb655] | 391 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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| 392 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 393 |
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| 394 | <seglistitem>
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[db248d06] | 395 | <seg>
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| 396 | mkhomedir_helper, pam_tally, pam_tally2,
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| 397 | pam_timestamp_check, unix_chkpwd and
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| 398 | unix_update
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| 399 | </seg>
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| 400 | <seg>
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| 401 | libpam.so, libpamc.so and libpam_misc.so
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| 402 | </seg>
|
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| 403 | <seg>
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| 404 | /etc/security,
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| 405 | /lib/security,
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| 406 | /usr/include/security and
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| 407 | /usr/share/doc/Linux-PAM-&linux-pam-version;
|
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| 408 | </seg>
|
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[c7eb655] | 409 | </seglistitem>
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| 410 | </segmentedlist>
|
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| 411 |
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| 412 | <variablelist>
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| 413 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 414 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 415 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
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| 416 |
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[db248d06] | 417 | <varlistentry id="mkhomedir_helper">
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| 418 | <term><command>mkhomedir_helper</command></term>
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| 419 | <listitem>
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| 420 | <para>
|
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| 421 | is a helper binary that creates home directories.
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| 422 | </para>
|
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| 423 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam mkhomedir_helper">
|
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| 424 | <primary sortas="b-mkhomedir_helper">mkhomedir_helper</primary>
|
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| 425 | </indexterm>
|
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| 426 | </listitem>
|
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| 427 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 428 |
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[c7eb655] | 429 | <varlistentry id="pam_tally">
|
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| 430 | <term><command>pam_tally</command></term>
|
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| 431 | <listitem>
|
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[db248d06] | 432 | <para>
|
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| 433 | is used to interrogate and manipulate the login counter file.
|
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| 434 | </para>
|
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[6603f8b] | 435 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam pam_tally">
|
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[c7eb655] | 436 | <primary sortas="b-pam_tally">pam_tally</primary>
|
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| 437 | </indexterm>
|
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| 438 | </listitem>
|
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| 439 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 440 |
|
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[db248d06] | 441 | <varlistentry id="pam_tally2">
|
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| 442 | <term><command>pam_tally2</command></term>
|
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| 443 | <listitem>
|
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| 444 | <para>
|
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| 445 | is used to interrogate and manipulate the login counter file, but
|
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| 446 | does not have some limitations that <command>pam_tally</command>
|
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| 447 | does.
|
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| 448 | </para>
|
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| 449 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam pam_tally2">
|
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| 450 | <primary sortas="b-pam_tally2">pam_tally2</primary>
|
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| 451 | </indexterm>
|
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| 452 | </listitem>
|
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| 453 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 454 |
|
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| 455 | <varlistentry id="pam_timestamp_check">
|
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| 456 | <term><command>pam_timestamp_check</command></term>
|
---|
| 457 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 458 | <para>
|
---|
| 459 | is used to check if the default timestamp is valid
|
---|
| 460 | </para>
|
---|
| 461 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam pam_timestamp_check">
|
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| 462 | <primary sortas="b-pam_timestamp_check">pam_timestamp_check</primary>
|
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| 463 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 464 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 465 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 466 |
|
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| 467 | <varlistentry id="unix_chkpwd">
|
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| 468 | <term><command>unix_chkpwd</command></term>
|
---|
| 469 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 470 | <para>
|
---|
| 471 | is a helper binary that verifies the password of the current user.
|
---|
| 472 | </para>
|
---|
| 473 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam unix_chkpwd">
|
---|
| 474 | <primary sortas="b-unix_chkpwd">unix_chkpwd</primary>
|
---|
| 475 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 476 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 477 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 478 |
|
---|
| 479 | <varlistentry id="unix_update">
|
---|
| 480 | <term><command>unix_update</command></term>
|
---|
| 481 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 482 | <para>
|
---|
| 483 | is a helper binary that updates the password of a given user.
|
---|
| 484 | </para>
|
---|
| 485 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam unix_update">
|
---|
| 486 | <primary sortas="b-unix_update">unix_update</primary>
|
---|
| 487 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 488 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 489 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 490 |
|
---|
[c7eb655] | 491 | <varlistentry id="libpam">
|
---|
[db248d06] | 492 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpam.so</filename></term>
|
---|
[c7eb655] | 493 | <listitem>
|
---|
[db248d06] | 494 | <para>
|
---|
| 495 | provides the interfaces between applications and the
|
---|
| 496 | PAM modules.
|
---|
| 497 | </para>
|
---|
[6603f8b] | 498 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam libpam">
|
---|
[db248d06] | 499 | <primary sortas="c-libpam">libpam.so</primary>
|
---|
[c7eb655] | 500 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 501 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 502 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
[db248d06] | 503 |
|
---|
[c7eb655] | 504 | </variablelist>
|
---|
[db248d06] | 505 |
|
---|
[c7eb655] | 506 | </sect2>
|
---|
[db248d06] | 507 |
|
---|
[3c52f859] | 508 | </sect1>
|
---|