| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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| 7 | <!ENTITY linux-pam-download-http "http://linux-pam.org/library/Linux-PAM-&linux-pam-version;.tar.bz2">
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| 8 | <!ENTITY linux-pam-download-ftp " ">
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| 9 | <!ENTITY linux-pam-md5sum "9dc53067556d2dd567808fd509519dd6">
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| 10 | <!ENTITY linux-pam-size "1.3 MB">
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| 11 | <!ENTITY linux-pam-buildsize "33 MB (with tests)">
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| 12 | <!ENTITY linux-pam-time "0.3 SBU (with tests)">
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| 13 |
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| 14 | <!ENTITY linux-pam-docs-download "http://linux-pam.org/documentation/Linux-PAM-&linux-pam-docs-version;-docs.tar.bz2">
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| 15 | <!ENTITY linux-pam-docs-md5sum "558378b8be9b8b5c987326f4529f2130">
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| 16 | <!ENTITY linux-pam-docs-size "480 KB">
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| 17 | <!ENTITY debian-pam-docs "http://debian.securedservers.com/kernel/pub/linux/libs/pam">
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| 18 | ]>
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| 19 |
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| 20 | <sect1 id="linux-pam" xreflabel="Linux-PAM-&linux-pam-version;">
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| 21 | <?dbhtml filename="linux-pam.html"?>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <sect1info>
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| 24 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 25 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 26 | </sect1info>
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| 27 |
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| 28 | <title>Linux-PAM-&linux-pam-version;</title>
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| 29 |
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| 30 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam">
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| 31 | <primary sortas="a-Linux-PAM">Linux-PAM</primary>
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| 32 | </indexterm>
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| 33 |
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| 34 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 35 | <title>Introduction to Linux PAM</title>
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| 36 |
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| 37 | <para>
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| 38 | The <application>Linux PAM</application> package contains
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| 39 | Pluggable Authentication Modules used to enable the local
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| 40 | system administrator to choose how applications authenticate
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| 41 | users.
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| 42 | </para>
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| 43 |
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| 44 | &lfs78_checked;
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| 45 |
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| 46 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 47 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 48 | <listitem>
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| 49 | <para>
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| 50 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&linux-pam-download-http;"/>
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| 51 | </para>
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| 52 | </listitem>
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| 53 | <listitem>
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| 54 | <para>
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| 55 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&linux-pam-download-ftp;"/>
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| 56 | </para>
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| 57 | </listitem>
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| 58 | <listitem>
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| 59 | <para>
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| 60 | Download MD5 sum: &linux-pam-md5sum;
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| 61 | </para>
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| 62 | </listitem>
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| 63 | <listitem>
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| 64 | <para>
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| 65 | Download size: &linux-pam-size;
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| 66 | </para>
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| 67 | </listitem>
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| 68 | <listitem>
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| 69 | <para>
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| 70 | Estimated disk space required: &linux-pam-buildsize;
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| 71 | </para>
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| 72 | </listitem>
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| 73 | <listitem>
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| 74 | <para>
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| 75 | Estimated build time: &linux-pam-time;
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| 76 | </para>
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| 77 | </listitem>
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| 78 | </itemizedlist>
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| 79 |
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| 80 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
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| 81 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 82 | <title>Optional Documentation</title>
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| 83 | <listitem>
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| 84 | <para>
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| 85 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&linux-pam-docs-download;"/>
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| 86 | </para>
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| 87 | </listitem>
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| 88 | <listitem>
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| 89 | <para>
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| 90 | Download MD5 sum: &linux-pam-docs-md5sum;
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| 91 | </para>
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| 92 | </listitem>
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| 93 | <listitem>
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| 94 | <para>
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| 95 | Download size &linux-pam-docs-size;
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| 96 | </para>
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| 97 | </listitem>
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| 98 | </itemizedlist>
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| 99 |
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| 100 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Linux PAM Dependencies</bridgehead>
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| 101 |
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| 102 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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| 103 | <para role="optional">
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| 104 | <xref linkend="db"/>,
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| 105 | <xref linkend="cracklib"/>,
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| 106 | <xref linkend="libtirpc"/> and
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| 107 | <ulink url="http://www.prelude-ids.org/">Prelude</ulink>
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| 108 | </para>
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| 109 |
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| 110 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (To Rebuild the Documentation)</bridgehead>
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| 111 | <para role="optional">
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| 112 | <xref linkend="DocBook"/>,
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| 113 | <xref linkend="docbook-xsl"/>,
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| 114 | <xref linkend="fop"/>,
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| 115 | <xref linkend="libxslt"/> and
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| 116 | <xref linkend="w3m"/>
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| 117 | </para>
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| 118 |
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| 119 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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| 120 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/linux-pam"/>
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| 121 | </para>
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| 122 | </sect2>
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| 123 |
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| 124 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 125 | <title>Installation of Linux PAM</title>
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| 126 |
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| 127 | <para>
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| 128 | If you downloaded the documentation, unpack the tarball by issuing
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| 129 | the following command.
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| 130 | </para>
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| 131 |
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| 132 | <screen><userinput>tar -xf ../Linux-PAM-&linux-pam-docs-version;-docs.tar.bz2 --strip-components=1</userinput></screen>
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| 133 |
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| 134 | <para>
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| 135 | Install <application>Linux PAM</application> by
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| 136 | running the following commands:
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| 137 | </para>
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| 138 |
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| 139 | <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
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| 140 | --sysconfdir=/etc \
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| 141 | --libdir=/usr/lib \
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| 142 | --enable-securedir=/lib/security \
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| 143 | --docdir=/usr/share/doc/Linux-PAM-&linux-pam-version; &&
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| 144 | make</userinput></screen>
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| 145 |
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| 146 | <para>
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| 147 | To test the results, a suitable <filename>/etc/pam.d/other</filename>
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| 148 | configuration file must exist.
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| 149 | </para>
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| 150 |
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| 151 | <caution>
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| 152 | <title>Reinstallation or upgrade of Linux PAM</title>
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| 153 | <para>
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| 154 | If you have a system with Linux PAM installed and working, be careful
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| 155 | when modifying the files in
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| 156 | <filename class="directory">/etc/pam.d</filename>, since your system
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| 157 | may become totally unusable. If you want to run the tests, you do not
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| 158 | need to create another <filename>/etc/pam.d/other</filename> file. The
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| 159 | installed one can be used for that purpose.
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| 160 | </para>
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| 161 |
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| 162 | <para>
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| 163 | You should also be aware that <command>make install</command>
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| 164 | overwrites the configuration files in
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| 165 | <filename class="directory">/etc/security</filename> as well as
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| 166 | <filename>/etc/environment</filename>. In case you
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| 167 | have modified those files, be sure to backup them.
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| 168 | </para>
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| 169 | </caution>
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| 170 |
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| 171 | <para>
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| 172 | For a first installation, create the configuration file by issuing the
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| 173 | following commands as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
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| 174 | user:
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| 175 | </para>
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| 176 |
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| 177 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m755 -d /etc/pam.d &&
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| 178 |
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| 179 | cat > /etc/pam.d/other << "EOF"
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| 180 | auth required pam_deny.so
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| 181 | account required pam_deny.so
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| 182 | password required pam_deny.so
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| 183 | session required pam_deny.so
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| 184 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 185 |
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| 186 | <para>
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| 187 | Now run the tests by issuing <command>make check</command>.
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| 188 | Ensure there are no errors produced by the tests before continuing the
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| 189 | installation. Note that the checks are quite long. It may be useful to
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| 190 | redirect the output to a log file in order to inspect it thoroughly.
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| 191 | </para>
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| 192 |
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| 193 | <para>
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| 194 | Only in case of a first installation, remove the configuration file
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| 195 | created earlier by issuing the following command as the
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| 196 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 197 | </para>
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| 198 |
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| 199 | <screen role="root"><userinput>rm -fv /etc/pam.d/*</userinput></screen>
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| 200 |
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| 201 | <para>
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| 202 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
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| 203 | user:
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| 204 | </para>
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| 205 |
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| 206 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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| 207 | chmod -v 4755 /sbin/unix_chkpwd &&
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| 208 |
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| 209 | for file in pam pam_misc pamc
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| 210 | do
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| 211 | mv -v /usr/lib/lib${file}.so.* /lib &&
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| 212 | ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/lib${file}.so) /usr/lib/lib${file}.so
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| 213 | done</userinput></screen>
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| 214 |
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| 215 | </sect2>
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| 216 |
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| 217 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 218 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 219 |
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| 220 | <para>
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| 221 | <parameter>--enable-securedir=/lib/security</parameter>:
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| 222 | This switch sets install location for the
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| 223 | <application>PAM</application> modules.
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| 224 | </para>
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| 225 |
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| 226 | <para>
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| 227 | <command>chmod -v 4755 /sbin/unix_chkpwd</command>:
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| 228 | The <command>unix_chkpwd</command> helper program must be setuid
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| 229 | so that non-<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
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| 230 | processes can access the shadow file.
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| 231 | </para>
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| 232 |
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| 233 | </sect2>
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| 234 |
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| 235 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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| 236 | <title>Configuring Linux-PAM</title>
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| 237 |
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| 238 | <sect3 id="pam-config">
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| 239 | <title>Config Files</title>
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| 240 |
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| 241 | <para>
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| 242 | <filename>/etc/security/*</filename> and
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| 243 | <filename>/etc/pam.d/*</filename>
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| 244 | </para>
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| 245 |
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| 246 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam pam-config">
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| 247 | <primary sortas="e-etc-security">/etc/security/*</primary>
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| 248 | </indexterm>
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| 249 |
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| 250 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam pam-config">
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| 251 | <primary sortas="e-etc-pam.d">/etc/pam.d/*</primary>
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| 252 | </indexterm>
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| 253 |
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| 254 | </sect3>
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| 255 |
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| 256 | <sect3>
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| 257 | <title>Configuration Information</title>
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| 258 |
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| 259 | <para>
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| 260 | Configuration information is placed in
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| 261 | <filename class="directory">/etc/pam.d/</filename>.
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| 262 | Below is an example file:
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| 263 | </para>
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| 264 |
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| 265 | <screen><literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/other
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| 266 |
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| 267 | auth required pam_unix.so nullok
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| 268 | account required pam_unix.so
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| 269 | session required pam_unix.so
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| 270 | password required pam_unix.so nullok
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| 271 |
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| 272 | # End /etc/pam.d/other</literal></screen>
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| 273 |
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| 274 | <para>Now set up some generic files. As root:</para>
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| 275 |
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| 276 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/system-account << "EOF"
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| 277 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/system-account
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| 278 |
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| 279 | account required pam_unix.so
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| 280 |
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| 281 | # End /etc/pam.d/system-account</literal>
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| 282 | EOF
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| 283 |
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| 284 | cat > /etc/pam.d/system-auth << "EOF"
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| 285 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/system-auth
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| 286 |
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| 287 | auth required pam_unix.so
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| 288 |
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| 289 | # End /etc/pam.d/system-auth</literal>
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| 290 | EOF
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| 291 |
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| 292 | cat > /etc/pam.d/system-session << "EOF"
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| 293 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/system-session
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| 294 |
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| 295 | session required pam_unix.so
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| 296 |
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| 297 | # End /etc/pam.d/system-session</literal>
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| 298 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 299 |
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| 300 | <para>The remaining generic file depends on wheather <xref linkend="cracklib"/>
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| 301 | is installed. If it is installed, use:</para>
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| 302 |
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| 303 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/system-password << "EOF"
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| 304 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/system-password
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| 305 |
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| 306 | # check new passwords for strength (man pam_cracklib)
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| 307 | password required pam_cracklib.so type=Linux retry=3 difok=5 \
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| 308 | difignore=23 minlen=9 dcredit=1 \
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| 309 | ucredit=1 lcredit=1 ocredit=1 \
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| 310 | dictpath=/lib/cracklib/pw_dict
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| 311 | # use sha512 hash for encryption, use shadow, and use the
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| 312 | # authentication token (chosen password) set by pam_cracklib
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| 313 | # above (or any previous modules)
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| 314 | password required pam_unix.so sha512 shadow use_authtok
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| 315 |
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| 316 | # End /etc/pam.d/system-password</literal>
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| 317 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 318 |
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| 319 | <note>
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| 320 | <para>
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| 321 | In its default configuration, pam_cracklib will
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| 322 | allow multiple case passwords as short as 6 characters, even with
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| 323 | the <parameter>minlen</parameter> value set to 11. You should review
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| 324 | the pam_cracklib(8) man page and determine if these default values
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| 325 | are acceptable for the security of your system.
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| 326 | </para>
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| 327 | </note>
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| 328 |
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| 329 | <para>If <xref linkend="cracklib"/> is <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> installed,
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| 330 | use:</para>
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| 331 |
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| 332 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/system-password << "EOF"
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| 333 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/system-password
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| 334 |
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| 335 | # use sha512 hash for encryption, use shadow, and try to use any previously
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| 336 | # defined authentication token (chosen password) set by any prior module
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| 337 | password required pam_unix.so sha512 shadow try_first_pass
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| 338 |
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| 339 | # End /etc/pam.d/system-password</literal>
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| 340 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 341 |
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| 342 | <para>Now add a restrictive <filename>/etc/pam.d/other</filename>
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| 343 | configuration file. With this file, programs that are PAM aware will not
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| 344 | run unless a configuration file specifically for that application is
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| 345 | created.</para>
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| 346 |
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| 347 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/other << "EOF"
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| 348 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/other
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| 349 |
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| 350 | auth required pam_warn.so
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| 351 | auth required pam_deny.so
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| 352 | account required pam_warn.so
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| 353 | account required pam_deny.so
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| 354 | password required pam_warn.so
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| 355 | password required pam_deny.so
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| 356 | session required pam_warn.so
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| 357 | session required pam_deny.so
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| 358 |
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| 359 | # End /etc/pam.d/other</literal>
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| 360 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 361 |
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| 362 | <para>
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| 363 | The <application>PAM</application> man page (<command>man
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| 364 | pam</command>) provides a good starting point for descriptions
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| 365 | of fields and allowable entries. The <ulink
|
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| 366 | url="http://www.linux-pam.org/Linux-PAM-html/Linux-PAM_SAG.html">Linux-PAM
|
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| 367 | System Administrators' Guide</ulink> is recommended for additional
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| 368 | information.
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| 369 | </para>
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| 370 |
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| 371 | <para>
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| 372 | Refer to <ulink url="&debian-pam-docs;/modules.html"/> for a list
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| 373 | of various third-party modules available.
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| 374 | </para>
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| 375 |
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| 376 | <important>
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| 377 | <para>
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| 378 | You should now reinstall the <xref linkend="shadow"/>
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| 379 | package.
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| 380 | </para>
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| 381 | </important>
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| 382 |
|
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| 383 | </sect3>
|
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| 384 |
|
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| 385 | </sect2>
|
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| 386 |
|
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| 387 | <sect2 role="content">
|
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| 388 | <title>Contents</title>
|
|---|
| 389 |
|
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| 390 | <segmentedlist>
|
|---|
| 391 | <segtitle>Installed Program</segtitle>
|
|---|
| 392 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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|---|
| 393 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
|
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| 394 |
|
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| 395 | <seglistitem>
|
|---|
| 396 | <seg>
|
|---|
| 397 | mkhomedir_helper, pam_tally, pam_tally2,
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| 398 | pam_timestamp_check, unix_chkpwd and
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| 399 | unix_update
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| 400 | </seg>
|
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| 401 | <seg>
|
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| 402 | libpam.so, libpamc.so and libpam_misc.so
|
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| 403 | </seg>
|
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| 404 | <seg>
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| 405 | /etc/security,
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| 406 | /lib/security,
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| 407 | /usr/include/security and
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| 408 | /usr/share/doc/Linux-PAM-&linux-pam-version;
|
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| 409 | </seg>
|
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| 410 | </seglistitem>
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| 411 | </segmentedlist>
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| 412 |
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| 413 | <variablelist>
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| 414 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 415 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
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| 416 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
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| 417 |
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| 418 | <varlistentry id="mkhomedir_helper">
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| 419 | <term><command>mkhomedir_helper</command></term>
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| 420 | <listitem>
|
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| 421 | <para>
|
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| 422 | is a helper binary that creates home directories.
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| 423 | </para>
|
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| 424 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam mkhomedir_helper">
|
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| 425 | <primary sortas="b-mkhomedir_helper">mkhomedir_helper</primary>
|
|---|
| 426 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 427 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 428 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 429 |
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| 430 | <varlistentry id="pam_tally">
|
|---|
| 431 | <term><command>pam_tally</command></term>
|
|---|
| 432 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 433 | <para>
|
|---|
| 434 | is used to interrogate and manipulate the login counter file.
|
|---|
| 435 | </para>
|
|---|
| 436 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam pam_tally">
|
|---|
| 437 | <primary sortas="b-pam_tally">pam_tally</primary>
|
|---|
| 438 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 439 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 440 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 441 |
|
|---|
| 442 | <varlistentry id="pam_tally2">
|
|---|
| 443 | <term><command>pam_tally2</command></term>
|
|---|
| 444 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 445 | <para>
|
|---|
| 446 | is used to interrogate and manipulate the login counter file, but
|
|---|
| 447 | does not have some limitations that <command>pam_tally</command>
|
|---|
| 448 | does.
|
|---|
| 449 | </para>
|
|---|
| 450 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam pam_tally2">
|
|---|
| 451 | <primary sortas="b-pam_tally2">pam_tally2</primary>
|
|---|
| 452 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 453 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 454 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 455 |
|
|---|
| 456 | <varlistentry id="pam_timestamp_check">
|
|---|
| 457 | <term><command>pam_timestamp_check</command></term>
|
|---|
| 458 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 459 | <para>
|
|---|
| 460 | is used to check if the default timestamp is valid
|
|---|
| 461 | </para>
|
|---|
| 462 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam pam_timestamp_check">
|
|---|
| 463 | <primary sortas="b-pam_timestamp_check">pam_timestamp_check</primary>
|
|---|
| 464 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 465 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 466 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 467 |
|
|---|
| 468 | <varlistentry id="unix_chkpwd">
|
|---|
| 469 | <term><command>unix_chkpwd</command></term>
|
|---|
| 470 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 471 | <para>
|
|---|
| 472 | is a helper binary that verifies the password of the current user.
|
|---|
| 473 | </para>
|
|---|
| 474 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam unix_chkpwd">
|
|---|
| 475 | <primary sortas="b-unix_chkpwd">unix_chkpwd</primary>
|
|---|
| 476 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 477 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 478 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 479 |
|
|---|
| 480 | <varlistentry id="unix_update">
|
|---|
| 481 | <term><command>unix_update</command></term>
|
|---|
| 482 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 483 | <para>
|
|---|
| 484 | is a helper binary that updates the password of a given user.
|
|---|
| 485 | </para>
|
|---|
| 486 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam unix_update">
|
|---|
| 487 | <primary sortas="b-unix_update">unix_update</primary>
|
|---|
| 488 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 489 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 490 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 491 |
|
|---|
| 492 | <varlistentry id="libpam">
|
|---|
| 493 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpam.so</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 494 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 495 | <para>
|
|---|
| 496 | provides the interfaces between applications and the
|
|---|
| 497 | PAM modules.
|
|---|
| 498 | </para>
|
|---|
| 499 | <indexterm zone="linux-pam libpam">
|
|---|
| 500 | <primary sortas="c-libpam">libpam.so</primary>
|
|---|
| 501 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 502 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 503 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 504 |
|
|---|
| 505 | </variablelist>
|
|---|
| 506 |
|
|---|
| 507 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 508 |
|
|---|
| 509 | </sect1>
|
|---|
