[c9b953e6] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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[4a16903] | 7 | <!ENTITY certhost "https://hg.mozilla.org/">
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| 8 | <!ENTITY certpath "/lib/ckfw/builtins/certdata.txt">
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[2198a32] | 9 | <!ENTITY make-ca-buildsize "6.6 MB (with all runtime deps)">
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[c1cd435e] | 10 | <!ENTITY make-ca-time "0.1 SBU (with all runtime deps)">
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[4a16903] | 11 |
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[24aff8a9] | 12 | <!ENTITY make-ca-download "https://github.com/lfs-book/make-ca/releases/download/v&make-ca-version;/make-ca-&make-ca-version;.tar.xz">
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[0832031] | 13 | <!ENTITY make-ca-size "32 KB">
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| 14 | <!ENTITY make-ca-md5sum "74f1ad16d7a086ac76e0424fd4dfe67b">
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[c9b953e6] | 15 | ]>
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| 16 |
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[697e6ca5] | 17 | <sect1 id="make-ca" xreflabel="make-ca-&make-ca-version;">
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[2198a32] | 18 | <?dbhtml filename="make-ca.html"?>
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[c9b953e6] | 19 |
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| 20 | <sect1info>
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| 21 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 22 | </sect1info>
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| 23 |
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[697e6ca5] | 24 | <title>make-ca-&make-ca-version;</title>
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[2198a32] | 25 | <indexterm zone="make-ca">
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| 26 | <primary sortas="a-make-ca">make-ca</primary>
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[c9b953e6] | 27 | </indexterm>
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| 28 |
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| 29 | <sect2 role="package">
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[2198a32] | 30 | <title>Introduction to make-ca</title>
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[c9b953e6] | 31 |
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[697e6ca5] | 32 | <para>
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| 33 | Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a method to validate the authenticity
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| 34 | of an otherwise unknown entity across untrusted networks. PKI works by
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| 35 | establishing a chain of trust, rather than trusting each individual host
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| 36 | or entity explicitly. In order for a certificate presented by a remote
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| 37 | entity to be trusted, that certificate must present a complete chain of
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| 38 | certificates that can be validated using the root certificate of a
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| 39 | Certificate Authority (CA) that is trusted by the local machine.
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| 40 | </para>
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[8558044] | 41 |
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[697e6ca5] | 42 | <para>
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| 43 | Establishing trust with a CA involves validating things like company
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| 44 | address, ownership, contact information, etc., and ensuring that the CA
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| 45 | has followed best practices, such as undergoing periodic security audits
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| 46 | by independent investigators and maintaining an always available
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| 47 | certificate revocation list. This is well outside the scope of BLFS (as
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| 48 | it is for most Linux distributions). The certificate store provided here
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| 49 | is taken from the Mozilla Foundation, who have established very strict
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| 50 | inclusion policies described <ulink
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| 51 | url="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/about/governance/policies/security-group/certs/">here</ulink>.
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| 52 | </para>
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| 53 |
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[ecc2386] | 54 | &lfs112_checked;
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[697e6ca5] | 55 |
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| 56 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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[c9b953e6] | 57 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 58 | <listitem>
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[47274444] | 59 | <para>
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| 60 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&make-ca-download;"/>
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| 61 | </para>
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[c9b953e6] | 62 | </listitem>
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| 63 | <listitem>
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[47274444] | 64 | <para>
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| 65 | Download size: &make-ca-size;
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| 66 | </para>
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[30b7db74] | 67 | </listitem>
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| 68 | <listitem>
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[47274444] | 69 | <para>
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| 70 | Download MD5 Sum: &make-ca-md5sum;
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| 71 | </para>
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[c9b953e6] | 72 | </listitem>
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| 73 | <listitem>
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[47274444] | 74 | <para>
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| 75 | Estimated disk space required: &make-ca-buildsize;
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| 76 | </para>
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[c9b953e6] | 77 | </listitem>
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| 78 | <listitem>
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[47274444] | 79 | <para>
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| 80 | Estimated build time: &make-ca-time;
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| 81 | </para>
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[c9b953e6] | 82 | </listitem>
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| 83 | </itemizedlist>
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| 84 |
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[2198a32] | 85 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">make-ca Dependencies</bridgehead>
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[c1cd435e] | 86 |
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[95378e8] | 87 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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[47274444] | 88 | <para role="required">
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| 89 | <xref linkend="p11-kit"/> (required at runtime to
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| 90 | generate certificate stores from trust anchors)
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| 91 | </para>
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[95378e8] | 92 | <!-- /usr/bin/trust is needed to extract the certs to /etc/ssl/certs -->
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[c1cd435e] | 93 |
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[4a16903] | 94 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (runtime)</bridgehead>
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| 95 | <para role="optional">
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[21a08bf] | 96 | <xref role="runtime" linkend="nss"/> (to generate a shared NSSDB)
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[96e9478] | 97 | </para>
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[c9b953e6] | 98 |
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| 99 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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[2198a32] | 100 | <ulink url='&blfs-wiki;/make-ca'/></para>
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[c9b953e6] | 101 | </sect2>
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| 102 |
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| 103 | <sect2 role="installation">
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[2198a32] | 104 | <title>Installation of make-ca</title>
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[c9b953e6] | 105 |
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[47274444] | 106 | <para>
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| 107 | The <application>make-ca</application> script will download and process
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| 108 | the certificates included in the <filename>certdata.txt</filename> file
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| 109 | for use as trust anchors for the <xref linkend="p11-kit"/> trust module.
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| 110 | Additionally, it will generate system certificate stores used by BLFS
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| 111 | applications (if the recommended and optional applications are present
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| 112 | on the system). Any local certificates stored in
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| 113 | <filename>/etc/ssl/local</filename> will be imported to both the trust
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| 114 | anchors and the generated certificate stores (overriding Mozilla's
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| 115 | trust). Additionally, any modified trust values will be copied from the
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| 116 | trust anchors to <filename>/etc/ssl/local</filename> prior to any
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| 117 | updates, preserving custom trust values that differ from Mozilla when
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| 118 | using the <command>trust</command> utility from
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| 119 | <application>p11-kit</application> to operate on the trust store.
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| 120 | </para>
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| 121 |
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| 122 | <para>
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| 123 | To install the various certificate stores, first install the
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| 124 | <application>make-ca</application> script into the correct location.
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| 125 | As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 126 | </para>
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[4a16903] | 127 |
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[254e3bf] | 128 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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| 129 | install -vdm755 /etc/ssl/local</userinput></screen>
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[4a16903] | 130 |
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[47274444] | 131 | <para>
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| 132 | As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, after
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| 133 | installing <xref linkend="p11-kit"/>, download the certificate source and
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| 134 | prepare for system use with the following command:
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| 135 | </para>
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[4a16903] | 136 |
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[a90ec5a7] | 137 | <note>
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[47274444] | 138 | <para>
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| 139 | If running the script a second time with the same version of
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[0832031] | 140 | <filename>certdata.txt</filename>, for instance, to update the
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| 141 | stores when <application>make-ca</application> is upgraded, or to
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| 142 | add additional stores as the requisite software is installed,
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| 143 | replace the <parameter>-g</parameter> switch with the
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| 144 | <parameter>-r</parameter> switch in the command line. If packaging,
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[47274444] | 145 | run <command>make-ca --help</command> to see all available command
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| 146 | line options.
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| 147 | </para>
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[a90ec5a7] | 148 | </note>
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| 149 |
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[729e458] | 150 | <screen role="root"><userinput>/usr/sbin/make-ca -g</userinput></screen>
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[4a16903] | 151 |
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[47274444] | 152 | <para>
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| 153 | You should periodically update the store with the above command,
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| 154 | either manually, or via a <phrase revision="sysv">cron job.</phrase>
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| 155 | <phrase revision="systemd">systemd timer. A timer is installed at
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| 156 | <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system/update-pki.timer</filename> that, if
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| 157 | enabled, will check for updates weekly.</phrase><phrase
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| 158 | revision="sysv">If you've installed <xref linkend="fcron"/> and
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[914dd13] | 159 | completed the section on periodic jobs, execute</phrase> <phrase
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[47274444] | 160 | revision="systemd">Execute</phrase> the following commands, as the
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| 161 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, to <phrase
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| 162 | revision="sysv">create a weekly cron job:</phrase><phrase
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| 163 | revision="systemd">enable the systemd timer:</phrase>
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[02e3bbc8] | 164 | </para>
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| 165 |
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[914dd13] | 166 | <screen role="nodump" revision="sysv"><userinput>cat > /etc/cron.weekly/update-pki.sh << "EOF" &&
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[02e3bbc8] | 167 | <literal>#!/bin/bash
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| 168 | /usr/sbin/make-ca -g</literal>
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| 169 | EOF
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| 170 | chmod 754 /etc/cron.weekly/update-pki.sh</userinput></screen>
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| 171 |
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| 172 | <screen role="root" revision="systemd"><userinput>systemctl enable update-pki.timer</userinput></screen>
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[4a16903] | 173 |
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[5c3f3856] | 174 | </sect2>
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[4a16903] | 175 |
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[5c3f3856] | 176 | <sect2 role="configuration" id="make-ca-config">
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| 177 | <title>Configuring make-ca</title>
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| 178 |
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[47274444] | 179 | <para>
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| 180 | For most users, no additional configuration is necessary, however,
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| 181 | the default <filename>certdata.txt</filename> file provided by make-ca
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| 182 | is obtained from the mozilla-release branch, and is modified to provide a
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| 183 | Mercurial revision. This will be the correct version for most systems.
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| 184 | There are several other variants of the file available for use that might
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| 185 | be preferred for one reason or another, including the files shipped with
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| 186 | Mozilla products in this book. RedHat and OpenSUSE, for instance, use the
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| 187 | version included in <xref linkend="nss"/>. Additional upstream downloads
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| 188 | are available at the links included in
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| 189 | <filename>/etc/make-ca.conf.dist</filename>. Simply copy the file to
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| 190 | <filename>/etc/make-ca.conf</filename> and edit as appropriate.
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| 191 | </para>
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[5c3f3856] | 192 |
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| 193 | <indexterm zone="make-ca make-ca-config">
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| 194 | <primary sortas="e-etc-make-ca-conf">/etc/make-ca.conf</primary>
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| 195 | </indexterm>
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[8b9034a] | 196 |
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[638a6a4] | 197 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">About Trust Arguments</bridgehead>
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| 198 |
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[47274444] | 199 | <para>
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| 200 | There are three trust types that are recognized by the
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| 201 | <application>make-ca</application> script, SSL/TLS, S/Mime, and code
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| 202 | signing. For <application>OpenSSL</application>, these are
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| 203 | <parameter>serverAuth</parameter>,
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| 204 | <parameter>emailProtection</parameter>, and
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| 205 | <parameter>codeSigning</parameter> respectively. If one of the three
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| 206 | trust arguments is omitted, the certificate is neither trusted, nor
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| 207 | rejected for that role. Clients that use
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| 208 | <application>OpenSSL</application> or <application>NSS</application>
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| 209 | encountering this certificate will present a warning to the user.
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| 210 | Clients using
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| 211 | <application>GnuTLS</application> without
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| 212 | <application>p11-kit</application> support are not aware of trusted
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| 213 | certificates. To include this CA into the
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| 214 | <filename>ca-bundle.crt</filename>,
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| 215 | <filename>email-ca-bundle.crt</filename>, or
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| 216 | <filename>objsign-ca-bundle.crt</filename> files
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| 217 | (the <application>GnuTLS</application> legacy bundles), it must have the
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| 218 | appropriate trust arguments.
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| 219 | </para>
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[638a6a4] | 220 |
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| 221 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Adding Additional CA Certificates</bridgehead>
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| 222 |
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[47274444] | 223 | <para>
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| 224 | The <filename class="directory">/etc/ssl/local</filename> directory
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[6133936] | 225 | is available to add additional CA certificates to the system trust store.
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| 226 | This directory is also used to store certificates that were added to or
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| 227 | modified in the system trust store by <xref linkend="p11-kit"/> so that
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| 228 | trust values are maintained across upgrades. Files in this directory must
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| 229 | be in the <application>OpenSSL</application> trusted certificate format.
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| 230 | Certificates imported using the <command>trust</command> utility from
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| 231 | <xref linkend="p11-kit"/> will utilize the x509 Extended Key Usage values
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| 232 | to assign default trust values for the system anchors.
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| 233 | </para>
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| 234 |
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| 235 | <para>If you need to override trust values, or otherwise need to create
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| 236 | an <application>OpenSSL</application> trusted certificate manually
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| 237 | from a regular PEM encoded file, you need to add trust arguments to the
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[47274444] | 238 | <command>openssl</command> command, and create a new certificate. For
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| 239 | example, using the <ulink url="http://www.cacert.org/">CAcert</ulink>
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| 240 | roots, if you want to trust both for all three roles, the following
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| 241 | commands will create appropriate OpenSSL trusted certificates (run as
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| 242 | the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user after <xref
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| 243 | linkend="wget"/> is installed):
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| 244 | </para>
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[638a6a4] | 245 |
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[254e3bf] | 246 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>wget http://www.cacert.org/certs/root.crt &&
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[638a6a4] | 247 | wget http://www.cacert.org/certs/class3.crt &&
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| 248 | openssl x509 -in root.crt -text -fingerprint -setalias "CAcert Class 1 root" \
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| 249 | -addtrust serverAuth -addtrust emailProtection -addtrust codeSigning \
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| 250 | > /etc/ssl/local/CAcert_Class_1_root.pem &&
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| 251 | openssl x509 -in class3.crt -text -fingerprint -setalias "CAcert Class 3 root" \
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| 252 | -addtrust serverAuth -addtrust emailProtection -addtrust codeSigning \
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[254e3bf] | 253 | > /etc/ssl/local/CAcert_Class_3_root.pem &&
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[6133936] | 254 | /usr/sbin/make-ca -r</userinput></screen>
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[638a6a4] | 255 |
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| 256 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Overriding Mozilla Trust</bridgehead>
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| 257 |
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[47274444] | 258 | <para>
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| 259 | Occasionally, there may be instances where you don't agree with
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| 260 | Mozilla's inclusion of a particular certificate authority. If you'd like
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| 261 | to override the default trust of a particular CA, simply create a copy of
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| 262 | the existing certificate in <filename
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| 263 | class="directory">/etc/ssl/local</filename> with different trust
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| 264 | arguments. For example, if you'd like to distrust the
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| 265 | "Makebelieve_CA_Root" file, run the following commands:
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| 266 | </para>
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[638a6a4] | 267 |
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[254e3bf] | 268 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>openssl x509 -in /etc/ssl/certs/Makebelieve_CA_Root.pem \
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[638a6a4] | 269 | -text \
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[92897c03] | 270 | -fingerprint \
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[638a6a4] | 271 | -setalias "Disabled Makebelieve CA Root" \
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| 272 | -addreject serverAuth \
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| 273 | -addreject emailProtection \
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| 274 | -addreject codeSigning \
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| 275 | > /etc/ssl/local/Disabled_Makebelieve_CA_Root.pem &&
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[6133936] | 276 | /usr/sbin/make-ca -r</userinput></screen>
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[638a6a4] | 277 |
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[c9b953e6] | 278 | </sect2>
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| 279 |
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| 280 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 281 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 282 |
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| 283 | <segmentedlist>
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| 284 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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| 285 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 286 |
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| 287 | <seglistitem>
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[120b315] | 288 | <seg>make-ca</seg>
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[28b75d3] | 289 | <seg>/etc/ssl/{certs,local} and
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| 290 | /etc/pki/{nssdb,anchors,tls/{certs,java}}</seg>
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[c9b953e6] | 291 | </seglistitem>
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| 292 | </segmentedlist>
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| 293 |
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| 294 | <variablelist>
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| 295 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 296 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 297 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 298 |
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[2198a32] | 299 | <varlistentry id="make-ca-bin">
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[120b315] | 300 | <term><command>make-ca</command></term>
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[c9b953e6] | 301 | <listitem>
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[47274444] | 302 | <para>
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| 303 | is a shell script that adapts a current version of
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| 304 | <filename>certdata.txt</filename>, and prepares it for use
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[4c24eb0a] | 305 | as the system trust store
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[47274444] | 306 | </para>
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[2198a32] | 307 | <indexterm zone="make-ca make-ca">
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[c9b953e6] | 308 | <primary sortas="b-make-ca">make-ca</primary>
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| 309 | </indexterm>
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| 310 | </listitem>
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| 311 | </varlistentry>
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| 312 | </variablelist>
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| 313 |
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| 314 | </sect2>
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[4c24eb0a] | 315 |
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[c9b953e6] | 316 | </sect1>
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