[0931098] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[6732c094] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[0931098] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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[3a373116] | 7 | <!ENTITY openssh-download-http
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[8ba08b56] | 8 | "http://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/portable/openssh-&openssh-version;.tar.gz">
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[3a373116] | 9 | <!ENTITY openssh-download-ftp
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[8ba08b56] | 10 | "ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/portable/openssh-&openssh-version;.tar.gz">
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[953fa69] | 11 | <!ENTITY openssh-md5sum "08f72de6751acfbd0892b5f003922701">
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| 12 | <!ENTITY openssh-size "1.4 MB">
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| 13 | <!ENTITY openssh-buildsize "37 MB (additional 3 MB if running the tests)">
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| 14 | <!ENTITY openssh-time "0.4 SBU (running the tests takes at least 10
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[c175983] | 15 | minutes, irrespective of processor speed)">
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[0931098] | 16 | ]>
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| 17 |
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[1708d1e9] | 18 | <sect1 id="openssh" xreflabel="OpenSSH-&openssh-version;">
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[e4e0d060] | 19 | <?dbhtml filename="openssh.html"?>
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| 20 |
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| 21 | <sect1info>
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| 22 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 23 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 24 | </sect1info>
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| 25 |
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| 26 | <title>OpenSSH-&openssh-version;</title>
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| 27 |
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[0978e07] | 28 | <indexterm zone="openssh">
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| 29 | <primary sortas="a-OpenSSH">OpenSSH</primary>
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| 30 | </indexterm>
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| 31 |
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| 32 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 33 | <title>Introduction to OpenSSH</title>
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| 34 |
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[8ba08b56] | 35 | <para>
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| 36 | The <application>OpenSSH</application> package contains
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| 37 | <command>ssh</command> clients and the <command>sshd</command> daemon. This
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| 38 | is useful for encrypting authentication and subsequent traffic over a
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| 39 | network. The <command>ssh</command> and <command>scp</command> commands are
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| 40 | secure implementions of <command>telnet</command> and <command>rcp</command>
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| 41 | respectively.
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| 42 | </para>
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[6b5cc24] | 43 |
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[3776752] | 44 | &lfs77_checked; &gcc5_checked;
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[6b5cc24] | 45 |
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[e4e0d060] | 46 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 47 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 48 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 49 | <para>
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| 50 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&openssh-download-http;"/>
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| 51 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 52 | </listitem>
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| 53 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 54 | <para>
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| 55 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&openssh-download-ftp;"/>
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| 56 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 57 | </listitem>
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| 58 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 59 | <para>
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| 60 | Download MD5 sum: &openssh-md5sum;
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| 61 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 62 | </listitem>
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| 63 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 64 | <para>
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| 65 | Download size: &openssh-size;
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| 66 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 67 | </listitem>
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| 68 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 69 | <para>
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| 70 | Estimated disk space required: &openssh-buildsize;
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| 71 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 72 | </listitem>
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| 73 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 74 | <para>
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| 75 | Estimated build time: &openssh-time;
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| 76 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 77 | </listitem>
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| 78 | </itemizedlist>
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| 79 |
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| 80 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">OpenSSH Dependencies</bridgehead>
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| 81 |
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| 82 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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[b2b7378b] | 83 | <para role="required">
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| 84 | <xref linkend="openssl"/> or
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| 85 | <ulink url="http://www.libressl.org/">LibreSSL Portable</ulink></para>
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[e4e0d060] | 86 |
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| 87 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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[3a373116] | 88 | <para role="optional">
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| 89 | <xref linkend="linux-pam"/>,
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| 90 | <xref linkend="x-window-system"/>,
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| 91 | <xref linkend="mitkrb"/>,
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[ba0004e] | 92 | <ulink url="http://www.thrysoee.dk/editline/">libedit</ulink>,
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[59382ab] | 93 | <ulink url="http://www.opensc-project.org/">OpenSC</ulink>, and
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[3a373116] | 94 | <ulink url="http://www.citi.umich.edu/projects/smartcard/sectok.html">libsectok</ulink>
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| 95 | </para>
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[9561d7e] | 96 |
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[409e2e7] | 97 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional Runtime (Used only to gather entropy)</bridgehead>
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[3a373116] | 98 | <para role="optional">
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[bc6e56d] | 99 | <xref linkend="openjdk"/>,
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[59382ab] | 100 | <xref linkend="net-tools"/>, and
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[57caa5f] | 101 | <xref linkend="sysstat"/>
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[3a373116] | 102 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 103 |
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[3a373116] | 104 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">
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[8ba08b56] | 105 | User Notes: <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/OpenSSH"/>
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[3a373116] | 106 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 107 | </sect2>
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| 108 |
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| 109 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 110 | <title>Installation of OpenSSH</title>
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| 111 |
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[3a373116] | 112 | <para>
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| 113 | <application>OpenSSH</application> runs as two processes when connecting
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| 114 | to other computers. The first process is a privileged process and controls
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| 115 | the issuance of privileges as necessary. The second process communicates
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| 116 | with the network. Additional installation steps are necessary to set up
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| 117 | the proper environment, which are performed by issuing the following
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| 118 | commands as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 119 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 120 |
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[45f3870] | 121 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m700 -d /var/lib/sshd &&
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[59382ab] | 122 | chown -v root:sys /var/lib/sshd &&
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| 123 |
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[b21c661] | 124 | groupadd -g 50 sshd &&
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[59382ab] | 125 | useradd -c 'sshd PrivSep' -d /var/lib/sshd -g sshd -s /bin/false -u 50 sshd</userinput></screen>
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[0931098] | 126 |
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[3a373116] | 127 | <para>
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| 128 | Install <application>OpenSSH</application> by running the following
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| 129 | commands:
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| 130 | </para>
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[0931098] | 131 |
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[5a2f5972] | 132 | <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
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| 133 | --sysconfdir=/etc/ssh \
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| 134 | --with-md5-passwords \
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[d52512f2] | 135 | --with-privsep-path=/var/lib/sshd &&
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[3a3b19b] | 136 | make</userinput></screen>
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[1b83a7c1] | 137 |
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[3a373116] | 138 | <para>
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[bc6e56d] | 139 | The testsuite requires an installed copy of <command>scp</command> to
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| 140 | complete the multiplexing tests. To run the test suite, first copy the
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| 141 | <command>scp</command> program to
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| 142 | <filename class="directory">/usr/bin</filename>, making sure that you
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| 143 | back up any existing copy first.
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[3a373116] | 144 | </para>
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[409e2e7] | 145 |
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[5a6a6be] | 146 | <para>
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[5a2f5972] | 147 | To test the results, issue: <command>make tests</command>.
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[5a6a6be] | 148 | </para>
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| 149 |
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| 150 | <!-- commenting this, I get "all tests passed" [ ken ]
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| 151 | NB tests should be run as _user_ but the role in the comment is root
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[59382ab] | 152 |
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| 153 | commenting [ bruce ]: There are a couple of tests that want root.
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| 154 | The log mentions that SUDO is not set. These skipped tests are
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| 155 | ignored and the end says 'all tests passed' even when not root
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| 156 |
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[3a373116] | 157 | <para>
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| 158 | To run the test suite, issue the following commands:
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| 159 | </para>
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[7c9e252] | 160 |
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[409e2e7] | 161 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make tests 2>&1 | tee check.log
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| 162 | grep FATAL check.log</userinput></screen>
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[7c9e252] | 163 |
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[3a373116] | 164 | <para>
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| 165 | If the above command produces no 'FATAL' errors, then proceed with the
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| 166 | installation, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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[5a6a6be] | 167 | </para>-->
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| 168 | <para>
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| 169 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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[3a373116] | 170 | </para>
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[7c9e252] | 171 |
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[59382ab] | 172 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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[5a2f5972] | 173 | install -v -m755 contrib/ssh-copy-id /usr/bin &&
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| 174 | install -v -m644 contrib/ssh-copy-id.1 /usr/share/man/man1 &&
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[59382ab] | 175 | install -v -m755 -d /usr/share/doc/openssh-&openssh-version; &&
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| 176 | install -v -m644 INSTALL LICENCE OVERVIEW README* /usr/share/doc/openssh-&openssh-version;</userinput></screen>
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[e4e0d060] | 177 | </sect2>
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| 178 |
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| 179 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 180 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 181 |
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[3a373116] | 182 | <para>
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| 183 | <parameter>--sysconfdir=/etc/ssh</parameter>: This prevents the
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| 184 | configuration files from being installed in
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| 185 | <filename class="directory">/usr/etc</filename>.
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| 186 | </para>
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| 187 |
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| 188 | <para>
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| 189 | <parameter>--with-md5-passwords</parameter>: This enables the use of MD5
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| 190 | passwords.
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| 191 | </para>
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| 192 |
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| 193 | <para>
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| 194 | <parameter>--with-pam</parameter>: This parameter enables
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| 195 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> support in the build.
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| 196 | </para>
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| 197 |
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| 198 | <para>
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| 199 | <parameter>--with-xauth=/usr/bin/xauth</parameter>: Set the default
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| 200 | location for the <command>xauth</command> binary for X authentication.
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| 201 | Change the location if <command>xauth</command> will be installed to a
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| 202 | different path. This can also be controlled from
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| 203 | <filename>sshd_config</filename> with the XAuthLocation keyword. You can
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| 204 | omit this switch if <application>Xorg</application> is already installed.
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| 205 | </para>
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| 206 |
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| 207 | <para>
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| 208 | <parameter>--with-kerberos5=/usr</parameter>: This option is used to
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| 209 | include Kerberos 5 support in the build.
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| 210 | </para>
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[409e2e7] | 211 |
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[ba0004e] | 212 | <para>
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| 213 | <parameter>--with-libedit</parameter>: This option enables line editing
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| 214 | and history features for <command>sftp</command>.
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| 215 | </para>
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| 216 |
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[e4e0d060] | 217 | </sect2>
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| 218 |
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| 219 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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| 220 | <title>Configuring OpenSSH</title>
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| 221 |
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| 222 | <sect3 id="openssh-config">
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| 223 | <title>Config Files</title>
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| 224 |
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[3a373116] | 225 | <para>
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| 226 | <filename>~/.ssh/*</filename>,
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[e4e0d060] | 227 | <filename>/etc/ssh/ssh_config</filename>, and
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[3a373116] | 228 | <filename>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</filename>
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| 229 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 230 |
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| 231 | <indexterm zone="openssh openssh-config">
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| 232 | <primary sortas="e-AA.ssh">~/.ssh/*</primary>
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| 233 | </indexterm>
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| 234 |
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| 235 | <indexterm zone="openssh openssh-config">
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| 236 | <primary sortas="e-etc-ssh-ssh_config">/etc/ssh/ssh_config</primary>
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| 237 | </indexterm>
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| 238 |
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| 239 | <indexterm zone="openssh openssh-config">
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| 240 | <primary sortas="e-etc-ssh-sshd_config">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</primary>
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| 241 | </indexterm>
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| 242 |
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[3a373116] | 243 | <para>
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| 244 | There are no required changes to any of these files. However,
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| 245 | you may wish to view the
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| 246 | <filename class='directory'>/etc/ssh/</filename> files and make any
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| 247 | changes appropriate for the security of your system. One recommended
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| 248 | change is that you disable
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| 249 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> login via
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| 250 | <command>ssh</command>. Execute the following command as the
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| 251 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> user to disable
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| 252 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> login via
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| 253 | <command>ssh</command>:
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| 254 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 255 |
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[6c24da75] | 256 | <screen role="root"><userinput>echo "PermitRootLogin no" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config</userinput></screen>
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| 257 |
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[3a373116] | 258 | <para>
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| 259 | If you want to be able to log in without typing in your password, first
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| 260 | create ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub with
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| 261 | <command>ssh-keygen</command> and then copy ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub to
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| 262 | ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on the remote computer that you want to log into.
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[f507f06] | 263 | You'll need to change REMOTE_USERNAME and REMOTE_HOSTNAME for the username and hostname of the remote
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| 264 | computer and you'll also need to enter your password for the ssh-copy-id command
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[3a373116] | 265 | to succeed:
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| 266 | </para>
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| 267 |
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| 268 | <screen><userinput>ssh-keygen &&
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[f507f06] | 269 | ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub <replaceable>REMOTE_USERNAME</replaceable>@<replaceable>REMOTE_HOSTNAME</replaceable></userinput></screen>
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[3a373116] | 270 |
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| 271 | <para>
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| 272 | Once you've got passwordless logins working it's actually more secure
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| 273 | than logging in with a password (as the private key is much longer than
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| 274 | most people's passwords). If you would like to now disable password
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| 275 | logins, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 276 | </para>
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| 277 |
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| 278 |
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| 279 | <screen role="root"><userinput>echo "PasswordAuthentication no" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config &&
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| 280 | echo "ChallengeResponseAuthentication no" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config</userinput></screen>
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| 281 |
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| 282 | <para>
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| 283 | If you added <application>LinuxPAM</application> support and you want
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| 284 | ssh to use it then you will need to add a configuration file for
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| 285 | <application>sshd</application> and enable use of
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| 286 | <application>LinuxPAM</application>. Note, ssh only uses PAM to check
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| 287 | passwords, if you've disabled password logins these commands are not
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| 288 | needed. If you want to use PAM issue the following commands as the
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| 289 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> user:
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| 290 | </para>
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[6c24da75] | 291 |
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| 292 | <screen role="root"><userinput>sed 's@d/login@d/sshd@g' /etc/pam.d/login > /etc/pam.d/sshd &&
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[b30ddee] | 293 | chmod 644 /etc/pam.d/sshd &&
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[5a6a6be] | 294 | echo "UsePAM yes" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config</userinput></screen>
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[e4e0d060] | 295 |
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[3a373116] | 296 | <para>
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| 297 | Additional configuration information can be found in the man
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| 298 | pages for <command>sshd</command>, <command>ssh</command> and
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| 299 | <command>ssh-agent</command>.
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| 300 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 301 | </sect3>
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| 302 |
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| 303 | <sect3 id="openssh-init">
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| 304 | <title>Boot Script</title>
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| 305 |
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[3a373116] | 306 | <para>
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| 307 | To start the SSH server at system boot, install the
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[e4e0d060] | 308 | <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd</filename> init script included
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[3a373116] | 309 | in the <xref linkend="bootscripts"/> package.
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| 310 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 311 |
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| 312 | <indexterm zone="openssh openssh-init">
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| 313 | <primary sortas="f-sshd">sshd</primary>
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| 314 | </indexterm>
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| 315 |
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| 316 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install-sshd</userinput></screen>
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| 317 | </sect3>
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| 318 | </sect2>
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| 319 |
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| 320 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 321 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 322 |
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| 323 | <segmentedlist>
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| 324 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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[c3c56b2] | 325 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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[e4e0d060] | 326 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 327 |
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| 328 | <seglistitem>
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[3a373116] | 329 | <seg>
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[b2b7378b] | 330 | scp, sftp, slogin (symlink to ssh), ssh, ssh-add, ssh-agent,
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| 331 | ssh-copy-id, ssh-keygen, ssh-keyscan, and sshd
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[c3c56b2] | 332 | </seg>
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| 333 | <seg>
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| 334 | None
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[3a373116] | 335 | </seg>
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| 336 | <seg>
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| 337 | /etc/ssh,
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[c175983] | 338 | /usr/share/doc/openssh-&openssh-version;, and
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| 339 | /var/lib/sshd
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[3a373116] | 340 | </seg>
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[e4e0d060] | 341 | </seglistitem>
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| 342 | </segmentedlist>
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| 343 |
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| 344 | <variablelist>
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| 345 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 346 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
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| 347 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 348 |
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| 349 | <varlistentry id="scp">
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| 350 | <term><command>scp</command></term>
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| 351 | <listitem>
|
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[3a373116] | 352 | <para>
|
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| 353 | is a file copy program that acts like <command>rcp</command> except
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| 354 | it uses an encrypted protocol.
|
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| 355 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 356 | <indexterm zone="openssh scp">
|
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| 357 | <primary sortas="b-scp">scp</primary>
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| 358 | </indexterm>
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| 359 | </listitem>
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| 360 | </varlistentry>
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| 361 |
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| 362 | <varlistentry id="sftp">
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| 363 | <term><command>sftp</command></term>
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| 364 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 365 | <para>
|
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| 366 | is an FTP-like program that works over the SSH1 and SSH2 protocols.
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| 367 | </para>
|
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[e4e0d060] | 368 | <indexterm zone="openssh sftp">
|
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| 369 | <primary sortas="b-sftp">sftp</primary>
|
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| 370 | </indexterm>
|
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| 371 | </listitem>
|
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| 372 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 373 |
|
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| 374 | <varlistentry id="slogin">
|
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| 375 | <term><command>slogin</command></term>
|
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| 376 | <listitem>
|
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[3a373116] | 377 | <para>
|
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| 378 | is a symlink to <command>ssh</command>.
|
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| 379 | </para>
|
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[e4e0d060] | 380 | <indexterm zone="openssh slogin">
|
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[b960e3ec] | 381 | <primary sortas="b-slogin">slogin</primary>
|
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[e4e0d060] | 382 | </indexterm>
|
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| 383 | </listitem>
|
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| 384 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 385 |
|
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| 386 | <varlistentry id="ssh">
|
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| 387 | <term><command>ssh</command></term>
|
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| 388 | <listitem>
|
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[3a373116] | 389 | <para>
|
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| 390 | is an <command>rlogin</command>/<command>rsh</command>-like client
|
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| 391 | program except it uses an encrypted protocol.
|
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| 392 | </para>
|
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[e4e0d060] | 393 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh">
|
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| 394 | <primary sortas="b-ssh">ssh</primary>
|
---|
| 395 | </indexterm>
|
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| 396 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 397 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 398 |
|
---|
| 399 | <varlistentry id="sshd">
|
---|
| 400 | <term><command>sshd</command></term>
|
---|
| 401 | <listitem>
|
---|
[3a373116] | 402 | <para>
|
---|
| 403 | is a daemon that listens for <command>ssh</command> login requests.
|
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| 404 | </para>
|
---|
[e4e0d060] | 405 | <indexterm zone="openssh sshd">
|
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| 406 | <primary sortas="b-sshd">sshd</primary>
|
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| 407 | </indexterm>
|
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| 408 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 409 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 410 |
|
---|
| 411 | <varlistentry id="ssh-add">
|
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| 412 | <term><command>ssh-add</command></term>
|
---|
| 413 | <listitem>
|
---|
[3a373116] | 414 | <para>
|
---|
| 415 | is a tool which adds keys to the <command>ssh-agent</command>.
|
---|
| 416 | </para>
|
---|
[e4e0d060] | 417 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-add">
|
---|
| 418 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-add">ssh-add</primary>
|
---|
| 419 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 420 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 421 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 422 |
|
---|
| 423 | <varlistentry id="ssh-agent">
|
---|
| 424 | <term><command>ssh-agent</command></term>
|
---|
| 425 | <listitem>
|
---|
[3a373116] | 426 | <para>
|
---|
| 427 | is an authentication agent that can store private keys.
|
---|
| 428 | </para>
|
---|
[e4e0d060] | 429 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-agent">
|
---|
| 430 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-agent">ssh-agent</primary>
|
---|
| 431 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 432 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 433 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 434 |
|
---|
[5a2f5972] | 435 | <varlistentry id="ssh-copy-id">
|
---|
| 436 | <term><command>ssh-copy-id</command></term>
|
---|
| 437 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 438 | <para>
|
---|
| 439 | is a script that enables logins on remote machine using local keys.
|
---|
| 440 | </para>
|
---|
| 441 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-copy-id">
|
---|
| 442 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-copy-id">ssh-copy-id</primary>
|
---|
| 443 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 444 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 445 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 446 |
|
---|
[e4e0d060] | 447 | <varlistentry id="ssh-keygen">
|
---|
| 448 | <term><command>ssh-keygen</command></term>
|
---|
| 449 | <listitem>
|
---|
[3a373116] | 450 | <para>
|
---|
| 451 | is a key generation tool.
|
---|
| 452 | </para>
|
---|
[e4e0d060] | 453 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-keygen">
|
---|
| 454 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-keygen">ssh-keygen</primary>
|
---|
| 455 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 456 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 457 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 458 |
|
---|
| 459 | <varlistentry id="ssh-keyscan">
|
---|
| 460 | <term><command>ssh-keyscan</command></term>
|
---|
| 461 | <listitem>
|
---|
[3a373116] | 462 | <para>
|
---|
| 463 | is a utility for gathering public host keys from a number of hosts.
|
---|
| 464 | </para>
|
---|
[e4e0d060] | 465 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-keyscan">
|
---|
| 466 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-keyscan">ssh-keyscan</primary>
|
---|
| 467 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 468 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 469 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 470 |
|
---|
| 471 | </variablelist>
|
---|
| 472 | </sect2>
|
---|
| 473 | </sect1>
|
---|