[0931098] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[6732c094] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[0931098] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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[3a373116] | 7 | <!ENTITY openssh-download-http
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[8ba08b56] | 8 | "http://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/portable/openssh-&openssh-version;.tar.gz">
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[3a373116] | 9 | <!ENTITY openssh-download-ftp
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[8ba08b56] | 10 | "ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/portable/openssh-&openssh-version;.tar.gz">
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[01d98bf] | 11 | <!ENTITY openssh-md5sum "13009a9156510d8f27e752659075cced">
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[6c6990c] | 12 | <!ENTITY openssh-size "1.5 MB">
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[f64c4d45] | 13 | <!ENTITY openssh-buildsize "43 MB (51 MB, with tests)">
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[01d98bf] | 14 | <!ENTITY openssh-time "0.4 SBU (running the tests takes 10+ minutes,
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[6c6990c] | 15 | irrespective of processor speed)">
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[78253d6] | 16 | <!-- fo is not running the tests-->
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[0931098] | 17 | ]>
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| 18 |
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[1708d1e9] | 19 | <sect1 id="openssh" xreflabel="OpenSSH-&openssh-version;">
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[e4e0d060] | 20 | <?dbhtml filename="openssh.html"?>
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| 21 |
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| 22 | <sect1info>
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| 23 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 24 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 25 | </sect1info>
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| 26 |
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| 27 | <title>OpenSSH-&openssh-version;</title>
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| 28 |
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[0978e07] | 29 | <indexterm zone="openssh">
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| 30 | <primary sortas="a-OpenSSH">OpenSSH</primary>
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| 31 | </indexterm>
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| 32 |
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| 33 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 34 | <title>Introduction to OpenSSH</title>
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| 35 |
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[8ba08b56] | 36 | <para>
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| 37 | The <application>OpenSSH</application> package contains
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| 38 | <command>ssh</command> clients and the <command>sshd</command> daemon. This
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| 39 | is useful for encrypting authentication and subsequent traffic over a
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| 40 | network. The <command>ssh</command> and <command>scp</command> commands are
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| 41 | secure implementions of <command>telnet</command> and <command>rcp</command>
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| 42 | respectively.
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| 43 | </para>
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[6b5cc24] | 44 |
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[4b92d8d] | 45 | &lfs79_checked;
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[6b5cc24] | 46 |
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[e4e0d060] | 47 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 48 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 49 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 50 | <para>
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| 51 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&openssh-download-http;"/>
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| 52 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 53 | </listitem>
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| 54 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 55 | <para>
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| 56 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&openssh-download-ftp;"/>
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| 57 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 58 | </listitem>
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| 59 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 60 | <para>
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| 61 | Download MD5 sum: &openssh-md5sum;
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| 62 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 63 | </listitem>
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| 64 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 65 | <para>
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| 66 | Download size: &openssh-size;
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| 67 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 68 | </listitem>
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| 69 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 70 | <para>
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| 71 | Estimated disk space required: &openssh-buildsize;
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| 72 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 73 | </listitem>
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| 74 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 75 | <para>
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| 76 | Estimated build time: &openssh-time;
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| 77 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 78 | </listitem>
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| 79 | </itemizedlist>
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| 80 |
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| 81 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">OpenSSH Dependencies</bridgehead>
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| 82 |
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| 83 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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[b2b7378b] | 84 | <para role="required">
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| 85 | <xref linkend="openssl"/> or
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| 86 | <ulink url="http://www.libressl.org/">LibreSSL Portable</ulink></para>
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[e4e0d060] | 87 |
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| 88 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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[3a373116] | 89 | <para role="optional">
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| 90 | <xref linkend="linux-pam"/>,
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| 91 | <xref linkend="x-window-system"/>,
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| 92 | <xref linkend="mitkrb"/>,
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[ba0004e] | 93 | <ulink url="http://www.thrysoee.dk/editline/">libedit</ulink>,
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[6c6990c] | 94 | <ulink url="https://github.com/OpenSC/OpenSC/wiki">OpenSC</ulink>, and
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[3a373116] | 95 | <ulink url="http://www.citi.umich.edu/projects/smartcard/sectok.html">libsectok</ulink>
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| 96 | </para>
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[9561d7e] | 97 |
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[409e2e7] | 98 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional Runtime (Used only to gather entropy)</bridgehead>
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[3a373116] | 99 | <para role="optional">
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[bc6e56d] | 100 | <xref linkend="openjdk"/>,
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[59382ab] | 101 | <xref linkend="net-tools"/>, and
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[57caa5f] | 102 | <xref linkend="sysstat"/>
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[3a373116] | 103 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 104 |
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[3a373116] | 105 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">
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[8ba08b56] | 106 | User Notes: <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/OpenSSH"/>
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[3a373116] | 107 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 108 | </sect2>
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| 109 |
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| 110 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 111 | <title>Installation of OpenSSH</title>
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| 112 |
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[3a373116] | 113 | <para>
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| 114 | <application>OpenSSH</application> runs as two processes when connecting
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| 115 | to other computers. The first process is a privileged process and controls
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| 116 | the issuance of privileges as necessary. The second process communicates
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| 117 | with the network. Additional installation steps are necessary to set up
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| 118 | the proper environment, which are performed by issuing the following
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| 119 | commands as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 120 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 121 |
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[6c6990c] | 122 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m700 -d /var/lib/sshd &&
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| 123 | chown -v root:sys /var/lib/sshd &&
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[59382ab] | 124 |
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[6c6990c] | 125 | groupadd -g 50 sshd &&
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| 126 | useradd -c 'sshd PrivSep' \
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| 127 | -d /var/lib/sshd \
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| 128 | -g sshd \
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| 129 | -s /bin/false \
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| 130 | -u 50 sshd</userinput></screen>
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[0931098] | 131 |
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[3a373116] | 132 | <para>
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| 133 | Install <application>OpenSSH</application> by running the following
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| 134 | commands:
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| 135 | </para>
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[0931098] | 136 |
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[5a2f5972] | 137 | <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
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| 138 | --sysconfdir=/etc/ssh \
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| 139 | --with-md5-passwords \
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[d52512f2] | 140 | --with-privsep-path=/var/lib/sshd &&
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[3a3b19b] | 141 | make</userinput></screen>
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[1b83a7c1] | 142 |
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[3a373116] | 143 | <para>
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[bc6e56d] | 144 | The testsuite requires an installed copy of <command>scp</command> to
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| 145 | complete the multiplexing tests. To run the test suite, first copy the
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| 146 | <command>scp</command> program to
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| 147 | <filename class="directory">/usr/bin</filename>, making sure that you
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| 148 | back up any existing copy first.
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[3a373116] | 149 | </para>
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[409e2e7] | 150 |
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[5a6a6be] | 151 | <para>
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[5a2f5972] | 152 | To test the results, issue: <command>make tests</command>.
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[5a6a6be] | 153 | </para>
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| 154 |
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| 155 | <!-- commenting this, I get "all tests passed" [ ken ]
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| 156 | NB tests should be run as _user_ but the role in the comment is root
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[59382ab] | 157 |
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| 158 | commenting [ bruce ]: There are a couple of tests that want root.
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[6c6990c] | 159 | The log mentions that SUDO is not set. These skipped tests are
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[59382ab] | 160 | ignored and the end says 'all tests passed' even when not root
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| 161 |
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[3a373116] | 162 | <para>
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| 163 | To run the test suite, issue the following commands:
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| 164 | </para>
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[7c9e252] | 165 |
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[409e2e7] | 166 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make tests 2>&1 | tee check.log
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| 167 | grep FATAL check.log</userinput></screen>
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[7c9e252] | 168 |
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[3a373116] | 169 | <para>
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| 170 | If the above command produces no 'FATAL' errors, then proceed with the
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| 171 | installation, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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[5a6a6be] | 172 | </para>-->
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| 173 | <para>
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| 174 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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[3a373116] | 175 | </para>
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[7c9e252] | 176 |
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[6c6990c] | 177 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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| 178 | install -v -m755 contrib/ssh-copy-id /usr/bin &&
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| 179 |
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| 180 | install -v -m644 contrib/ssh-copy-id.1 \
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| 181 | /usr/share/man/man1 &&
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[5ee1266] | 182 | install -v -m755 -d /usr/share/doc/openssh-&openssh-version; &&
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[6c6990c] | 183 | install -v -m644 INSTALL LICENCE OVERVIEW README* \
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| 184 | /usr/share/doc/openssh-&openssh-version;</userinput></screen>
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[e4e0d060] | 185 | </sect2>
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| 186 |
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| 187 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 188 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 189 |
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[3a373116] | 190 | <para>
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| 191 | <parameter>--sysconfdir=/etc/ssh</parameter>: This prevents the
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| 192 | configuration files from being installed in
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| 193 | <filename class="directory">/usr/etc</filename>.
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| 194 | </para>
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| 195 |
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| 196 | <para>
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| 197 | <parameter>--with-md5-passwords</parameter>: This enables the use of MD5
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| 198 | passwords.
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| 199 | </para>
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| 200 |
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| 201 | <para>
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| 202 | <parameter>--with-pam</parameter>: This parameter enables
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| 203 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> support in the build.
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| 204 | </para>
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| 205 |
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| 206 | <para>
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| 207 | <parameter>--with-xauth=/usr/bin/xauth</parameter>: Set the default
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| 208 | location for the <command>xauth</command> binary for X authentication.
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| 209 | Change the location if <command>xauth</command> will be installed to a
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| 210 | different path. This can also be controlled from
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| 211 | <filename>sshd_config</filename> with the XAuthLocation keyword. You can
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| 212 | omit this switch if <application>Xorg</application> is already installed.
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| 213 | </para>
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| 214 |
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| 215 | <para>
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| 216 | <parameter>--with-kerberos5=/usr</parameter>: This option is used to
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| 217 | include Kerberos 5 support in the build.
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| 218 | </para>
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[409e2e7] | 219 |
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[ba0004e] | 220 | <para>
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| 221 | <parameter>--with-libedit</parameter>: This option enables line editing
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| 222 | and history features for <command>sftp</command>.
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| 223 | </para>
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| 224 |
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[e4e0d060] | 225 | </sect2>
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| 226 |
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| 227 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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| 228 | <title>Configuring OpenSSH</title>
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| 229 |
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| 230 | <sect3 id="openssh-config">
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| 231 | <title>Config Files</title>
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| 232 |
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[3a373116] | 233 | <para>
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| 234 | <filename>~/.ssh/*</filename>,
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[e4e0d060] | 235 | <filename>/etc/ssh/ssh_config</filename>, and
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[3a373116] | 236 | <filename>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</filename>
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| 237 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 238 |
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| 239 | <indexterm zone="openssh openssh-config">
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| 240 | <primary sortas="e-AA.ssh">~/.ssh/*</primary>
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| 241 | </indexterm>
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| 242 |
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| 243 | <indexterm zone="openssh openssh-config">
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| 244 | <primary sortas="e-etc-ssh-ssh_config">/etc/ssh/ssh_config</primary>
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| 245 | </indexterm>
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| 246 |
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| 247 | <indexterm zone="openssh openssh-config">
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| 248 | <primary sortas="e-etc-ssh-sshd_config">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</primary>
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| 249 | </indexterm>
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| 250 |
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[3a373116] | 251 | <para>
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| 252 | There are no required changes to any of these files. However,
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| 253 | you may wish to view the
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| 254 | <filename class='directory'>/etc/ssh/</filename> files and make any
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| 255 | changes appropriate for the security of your system. One recommended
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| 256 | change is that you disable
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| 257 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> login via
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| 258 | <command>ssh</command>. Execute the following command as the
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| 259 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> user to disable
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| 260 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> login via
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| 261 | <command>ssh</command>:
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| 262 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 263 |
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[6c24da75] | 264 | <screen role="root"><userinput>echo "PermitRootLogin no" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config</userinput></screen>
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| 265 |
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[3a373116] | 266 | <para>
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| 267 | If you want to be able to log in without typing in your password, first
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| 268 | create ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub with
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| 269 | <command>ssh-keygen</command> and then copy ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub to
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| 270 | ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on the remote computer that you want to log into.
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[f507f06] | 271 | You'll need to change REMOTE_USERNAME and REMOTE_HOSTNAME for the username and hostname of the remote
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| 272 | computer and you'll also need to enter your password for the ssh-copy-id command
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[3a373116] | 273 | to succeed:
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| 274 | </para>
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| 275 |
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| 276 | <screen><userinput>ssh-keygen &&
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[f507f06] | 277 | ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub <replaceable>REMOTE_USERNAME</replaceable>@<replaceable>REMOTE_HOSTNAME</replaceable></userinput></screen>
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[3a373116] | 278 |
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| 279 | <para>
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| 280 | Once you've got passwordless logins working it's actually more secure
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| 281 | than logging in with a password (as the private key is much longer than
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| 282 | most people's passwords). If you would like to now disable password
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| 283 | logins, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 284 | </para>
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| 285 |
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| 286 |
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| 287 | <screen role="root"><userinput>echo "PasswordAuthentication no" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config &&
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| 288 | echo "ChallengeResponseAuthentication no" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config</userinput></screen>
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| 289 |
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| 290 | <para>
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| 291 | If you added <application>LinuxPAM</application> support and you want
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| 292 | ssh to use it then you will need to add a configuration file for
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| 293 | <application>sshd</application> and enable use of
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| 294 | <application>LinuxPAM</application>. Note, ssh only uses PAM to check
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| 295 | passwords, if you've disabled password logins these commands are not
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| 296 | needed. If you want to use PAM issue the following commands as the
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| 297 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> user:
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| 298 | </para>
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[6c24da75] | 299 |
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| 300 | <screen role="root"><userinput>sed 's@d/login@d/sshd@g' /etc/pam.d/login > /etc/pam.d/sshd &&
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[b30ddee] | 301 | chmod 644 /etc/pam.d/sshd &&
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[5a6a6be] | 302 | echo "UsePAM yes" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config</userinput></screen>
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[e4e0d060] | 303 |
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[3a373116] | 304 | <para>
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| 305 | Additional configuration information can be found in the man
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| 306 | pages for <command>sshd</command>, <command>ssh</command> and
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| 307 | <command>ssh-agent</command>.
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| 308 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 309 | </sect3>
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| 310 |
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| 311 | <sect3 id="openssh-init">
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| 312 | <title>Boot Script</title>
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| 313 |
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[3a373116] | 314 | <para>
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| 315 | To start the SSH server at system boot, install the
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[e4e0d060] | 316 | <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd</filename> init script included
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[3a373116] | 317 | in the <xref linkend="bootscripts"/> package.
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| 318 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 319 |
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| 320 | <indexterm zone="openssh openssh-init">
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| 321 | <primary sortas="f-sshd">sshd</primary>
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| 322 | </indexterm>
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| 323 |
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| 324 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install-sshd</userinput></screen>
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| 325 | </sect3>
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| 326 | </sect2>
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| 327 |
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| 328 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 329 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 330 |
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| 331 | <segmentedlist>
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| 332 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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[c3c56b2] | 333 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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[e4e0d060] | 334 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 335 |
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| 336 | <seglistitem>
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[3a373116] | 337 | <seg>
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[b2b7378b] | 338 | scp, sftp, slogin (symlink to ssh), ssh, ssh-add, ssh-agent,
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| 339 | ssh-copy-id, ssh-keygen, ssh-keyscan, and sshd
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[c3c56b2] | 340 | </seg>
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| 341 | <seg>
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| 342 | None
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[3a373116] | 343 | </seg>
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| 344 | <seg>
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| 345 | /etc/ssh,
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[c175983] | 346 | /usr/share/doc/openssh-&openssh-version;, and
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| 347 | /var/lib/sshd
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[3a373116] | 348 | </seg>
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[e4e0d060] | 349 | </seglistitem>
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| 350 | </segmentedlist>
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| 351 |
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| 352 | <variablelist>
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| 353 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 354 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 355 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 356 |
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| 357 | <varlistentry id="scp">
|
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| 358 | <term><command>scp</command></term>
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| 359 | <listitem>
|
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[3a373116] | 360 | <para>
|
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| 361 | is a file copy program that acts like <command>rcp</command> except
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| 362 | it uses an encrypted protocol.
|
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| 363 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 364 | <indexterm zone="openssh scp">
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| 365 | <primary sortas="b-scp">scp</primary>
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| 366 | </indexterm>
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| 367 | </listitem>
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| 368 | </varlistentry>
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| 369 |
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| 370 | <varlistentry id="sftp">
|
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| 371 | <term><command>sftp</command></term>
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| 372 | <listitem>
|
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[3a373116] | 373 | <para>
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| 374 | is an FTP-like program that works over the SSH1 and SSH2 protocols.
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| 375 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 376 | <indexterm zone="openssh sftp">
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| 377 | <primary sortas="b-sftp">sftp</primary>
|
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| 378 | </indexterm>
|
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| 379 | </listitem>
|
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| 380 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 381 |
|
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| 382 | <varlistentry id="slogin">
|
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| 383 | <term><command>slogin</command></term>
|
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| 384 | <listitem>
|
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[3a373116] | 385 | <para>
|
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| 386 | is a symlink to <command>ssh</command>.
|
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| 387 | </para>
|
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[e4e0d060] | 388 | <indexterm zone="openssh slogin">
|
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[b960e3ec] | 389 | <primary sortas="b-slogin">slogin</primary>
|
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[e4e0d060] | 390 | </indexterm>
|
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| 391 | </listitem>
|
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| 392 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 393 |
|
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| 394 | <varlistentry id="ssh">
|
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| 395 | <term><command>ssh</command></term>
|
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| 396 | <listitem>
|
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[3a373116] | 397 | <para>
|
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| 398 | is an <command>rlogin</command>/<command>rsh</command>-like client
|
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| 399 | program except it uses an encrypted protocol.
|
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| 400 | </para>
|
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[e4e0d060] | 401 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh">
|
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| 402 | <primary sortas="b-ssh">ssh</primary>
|
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| 403 | </indexterm>
|
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| 404 | </listitem>
|
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| 405 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 406 |
|
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| 407 | <varlistentry id="sshd">
|
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| 408 | <term><command>sshd</command></term>
|
---|
| 409 | <listitem>
|
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[3a373116] | 410 | <para>
|
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| 411 | is a daemon that listens for <command>ssh</command> login requests.
|
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| 412 | </para>
|
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[e4e0d060] | 413 | <indexterm zone="openssh sshd">
|
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| 414 | <primary sortas="b-sshd">sshd</primary>
|
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| 415 | </indexterm>
|
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| 416 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 417 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 418 |
|
---|
| 419 | <varlistentry id="ssh-add">
|
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| 420 | <term><command>ssh-add</command></term>
|
---|
| 421 | <listitem>
|
---|
[3a373116] | 422 | <para>
|
---|
| 423 | is a tool which adds keys to the <command>ssh-agent</command>.
|
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| 424 | </para>
|
---|
[e4e0d060] | 425 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-add">
|
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| 426 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-add">ssh-add</primary>
|
---|
| 427 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 428 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 429 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 430 |
|
---|
| 431 | <varlistentry id="ssh-agent">
|
---|
| 432 | <term><command>ssh-agent</command></term>
|
---|
| 433 | <listitem>
|
---|
[3a373116] | 434 | <para>
|
---|
| 435 | is an authentication agent that can store private keys.
|
---|
| 436 | </para>
|
---|
[e4e0d060] | 437 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-agent">
|
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| 438 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-agent">ssh-agent</primary>
|
---|
| 439 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 440 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 441 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 442 |
|
---|
[5a2f5972] | 443 | <varlistentry id="ssh-copy-id">
|
---|
| 444 | <term><command>ssh-copy-id</command></term>
|
---|
| 445 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 446 | <para>
|
---|
| 447 | is a script that enables logins on remote machine using local keys.
|
---|
| 448 | </para>
|
---|
| 449 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-copy-id">
|
---|
| 450 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-copy-id">ssh-copy-id</primary>
|
---|
| 451 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 452 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 453 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 454 |
|
---|
[e4e0d060] | 455 | <varlistentry id="ssh-keygen">
|
---|
| 456 | <term><command>ssh-keygen</command></term>
|
---|
| 457 | <listitem>
|
---|
[3a373116] | 458 | <para>
|
---|
| 459 | is a key generation tool.
|
---|
| 460 | </para>
|
---|
[e4e0d060] | 461 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-keygen">
|
---|
| 462 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-keygen">ssh-keygen</primary>
|
---|
| 463 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 464 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 465 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 466 |
|
---|
| 467 | <varlistentry id="ssh-keyscan">
|
---|
| 468 | <term><command>ssh-keyscan</command></term>
|
---|
| 469 | <listitem>
|
---|
[3a373116] | 470 | <para>
|
---|
| 471 | is a utility for gathering public host keys from a number of hosts.
|
---|
| 472 | </para>
|
---|
[e4e0d060] | 473 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-keyscan">
|
---|
| 474 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-keyscan">ssh-keyscan</primary>
|
---|
| 475 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 476 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 477 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 478 |
|
---|
| 479 | </variablelist>
|
---|
| 480 | </sect2>
|
---|
| 481 | </sect1>
|
---|