[0931098] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[6732c094] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[0931098] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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[3a373116] | 7 | <!ENTITY openssh-download-http
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| 8 | "http://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/portable/openssh-&openssh-version;.tar.gz">
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| 9 | <!ENTITY openssh-download-ftp
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| 10 | "ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/portable/openssh-&openssh-version;.tar.gz">
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| 11 | <!ENTITY openssh-md5sum "3c9347aa67862881c5da3f3b1c08da7b">
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[971bae0d] | 12 | <!ENTITY openssh-size "1.1 MB">
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[3a373116] | 13 | <!ENTITY openssh-buildsize "31 MB">
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| 14 | <!ENTITY openssh-time "0.6 SBU">
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[0931098] | 15 | ]>
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| 16 |
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[1708d1e9] | 17 | <sect1 id="openssh" xreflabel="OpenSSH-&openssh-version;">
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[e4e0d060] | 18 | <?dbhtml filename="openssh.html"?>
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| 19 |
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| 20 | <sect1info>
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| 21 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 22 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 23 | </sect1info>
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| 24 |
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| 25 | <title>OpenSSH-&openssh-version;</title>
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| 26 |
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[3a373116] | 27 | <para>
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| 28 | The <application>OpenSSH</application> package contains
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| 29 | <command>ssh</command> clients and the <command>sshd</command> daemon. This
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| 30 | is useful for encrypting authentication and subsequent traffic over a
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| 31 | network. The <command>ssh</command> and <command>scp</command> commands are
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| 32 | secure implementions of <command>telnet</command> and <command>rcp</command>
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| 33 | respectively.
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| 34 | </para>
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[6b5cc24] | 35 |
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[3a373116] | 36 | &lfs71_checked;
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[6b5cc24] | 37 |
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[e4e0d060] | 38 | <indexterm zone="openssh">
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| 39 | <primary sortas="a-OpenSSH">OpenSSH</primary>
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| 40 | </indexterm>
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| 41 |
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| 42 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 43 | <title>Introduction to OpenSSH</title>
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| 44 |
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| 45 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 46 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 47 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 48 | <para>
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| 49 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&openssh-download-http;"/>
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| 50 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 51 | </listitem>
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| 52 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 53 | <para>
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| 54 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&openssh-download-ftp;"/>
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| 55 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 56 | </listitem>
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| 57 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 58 | <para>
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| 59 | Download MD5 sum: &openssh-md5sum;
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| 60 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 61 | </listitem>
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| 62 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 63 | <para>
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| 64 | Download size: &openssh-size;
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| 65 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 66 | </listitem>
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| 67 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 68 | <para>
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| 69 | Estimated disk space required: &openssh-buildsize;
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| 70 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 71 | </listitem>
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| 72 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 73 | <para>
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| 74 | Estimated build time: &openssh-time;
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| 75 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 76 | </listitem>
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| 77 | </itemizedlist>
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| 78 |
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| 79 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">OpenSSH Dependencies</bridgehead>
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| 80 |
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| 81 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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[a6ac43b] | 82 | <para role="required"><xref linkend="openssl"/></para>
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[e4e0d060] | 83 |
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| 84 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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[3a373116] | 85 | <para role="optional">
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| 86 | <xref linkend="linux-pam"/>,
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| 87 | <xref linkend="tcpwrappers"/>,
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| 88 | <xref linkend="x-window-system"/>,
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| 89 | <xref linkend="mitkrb"/>,
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| 90 | <ulink url="http://www.thrysoee.dk/editline/">libedit</ulink>
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| 91 | (provides a command-line history feature to <command>sftp</command>),
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| 92 | <ulink url="http://www.opensc-project.org/">OpenSC</ulink> and
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| 93 | <ulink url="http://www.citi.umich.edu/projects/smartcard/sectok.html">libsectok</ulink>
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| 94 | </para>
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[9561d7e] | 95 |
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[409e2e7] | 96 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional Runtime (Used only to gather entropy)</bridgehead>
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[3a373116] | 97 | <para role="optional">
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[49b50d4] | 98 | <xref linkend="openjdk"/><!-- or <xref linkend="jdk"/>-->,
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[3a373116] | 99 | <xref linkend="net-tools"/> and
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| 100 | <xref linkend="sysstat"/>.
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| 101 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 102 |
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[3a373116] | 103 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">
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| 104 | User Notes: <ulink url='&blfs-wiki;/OpenSSH'/>
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| 105 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 106 | </sect2>
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| 107 |
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| 108 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 109 | <title>Installation of OpenSSH</title>
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| 110 |
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[3a373116] | 111 | <para>
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| 112 | <application>OpenSSH</application> runs as two processes when connecting
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| 113 | to other computers. The first process is a privileged process and controls
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| 114 | the issuance of privileges as necessary. The second process communicates
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| 115 | with the network. Additional installation steps are necessary to set up
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| 116 | the proper environment, which are performed by issuing the following
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| 117 | commands as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 118 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 119 |
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[45f3870] | 120 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m700 -d /var/lib/sshd &&
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| 121 | chown -v root:sys /var/lib/sshd &&
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[b21c661] | 122 | groupadd -g 50 sshd &&
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| 123 | useradd -c 'sshd PrivSep' -d /var/lib/sshd -g sshd \
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| 124 | -s /bin/false -u 50 sshd</userinput></screen>
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[0931098] | 125 |
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[3a373116] | 126 | <para>
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| 127 | <application>OpenSSH</application> is very sensitive to changes in the
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| 128 | linked <application>OpenSSL</application> libraries. If you recompile
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| 129 | <application>OpenSSL</application>, <application>OpenSSH</application> may
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| 130 | fail to start up. An alternative is to link against the static
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| 131 | <application>OpenSSL</application> library. To link against the static
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| 132 | library, execute the following command:
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| 133 | </para>
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[0931098] | 134 |
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[6c24da75] | 135 | <screen><userinput>sed -i 's@-lcrypto@/usr/lib/libcrypto.a -ldl@' configure</userinput></screen>
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[0931098] | 136 |
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[3a373116] | 137 | <para>
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| 138 | Install <application>OpenSSH</application> by running the following
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| 139 | commands:
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| 140 | </para>
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[0931098] | 141 |
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[ce4cc4c] | 142 | <screen><userinput>sed -i.bak '/K5LIBS=/s/ -ldes//' configure &&
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[d52512f2] | 143 | ./configure --prefix=/usr \
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| 144 | --sysconfdir=/etc/ssh \
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| 145 | --datadir=/usr/share/sshd \
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| 146 | --with-md5-passwords \
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| 147 | --with-privsep-path=/var/lib/sshd &&
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[3a3b19b] | 148 | make</userinput></screen>
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[1b83a7c1] | 149 |
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[3a373116] | 150 | <para>
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| 151 | If you linked <application>tcp_wrappers</application> into the build using
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| 152 | the <option>--with-tcp-wrappers</option> parameter, ensure you add
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| 153 | 127.0.0.1 to the sshd line in <filename>/etc/hosts.allow</filename> if you
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| 154 | have a restrictive <filename>/etc/hosts.deny</filename> file, or the test
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| 155 | suite will fail. Additionally, the testsuite requires an installed copy of
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| 156 | <command>scp</command> to complete the multiplexing tests. To run the test
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| 157 | suite, first copy the scp program to
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| 158 | <filename class="directory">/usr/bin</filename>, making sure that you back
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| 159 | up any existing copy first.
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| 160 | </para>
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[409e2e7] | 161 |
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[3a373116] | 162 | <para>
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| 163 | To run the test suite, issue the following commands:
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| 164 | </para>
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[7c9e252] | 165 |
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[409e2e7] | 166 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make tests 2>&1 | tee check.log
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| 167 | grep FATAL check.log</userinput></screen>
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[7c9e252] | 168 |
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[3a373116] | 169 | <para>
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| 170 | If the above command produces no 'FATAL' errors, then proceed with the
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| 171 | installation, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 172 | </para>
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[7c9e252] | 173 |
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[409e2e7] | 174 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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[45f3870] | 175 | install -v -m755 -d /usr/share/doc/openssh-&openssh-version; &&
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[6b5cc24] | 176 | install -v -m644 INSTALL LICENCE OVERVIEW README* \
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[45f3870] | 177 | /usr/share/doc/openssh-&openssh-version;</userinput></screen>
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[e4e0d060] | 178 | </sect2>
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| 179 |
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| 180 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 181 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 182 |
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[3a373116] | 183 | <para>
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| 184 | <command>sed -i.bak '/K5LIBS=/s/ -ldes//' configure</command>: This sed
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| 185 | fixes a build crash if you used the <option>--with-kerberos5</option>
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| 186 | option. The command is harmless in all other instances.
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[4ea98296] | 187 | </para>
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| 188 |
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[3a373116] | 189 | <para>
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| 190 | <parameter>--sysconfdir=/etc/ssh</parameter>: This prevents the
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| 191 | configuration files from being installed in
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| 192 | <filename class="directory">/usr/etc</filename>.
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| 193 | </para>
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| 194 |
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| 195 | <para>
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| 196 | <parameter>--datadir=/usr/share/sshd</parameter>: This switch puts the
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| 197 | Ssh.bin file (used for SmartCard authentication) in
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| 198 | <filename class="directory">/usr/share/sshd</filename>.
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| 199 | </para>
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| 200 |
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| 201 | <para>
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| 202 | <parameter>--with-md5-passwords</parameter>: This enables the use of MD5
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| 203 | passwords.
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| 204 | </para>
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| 205 |
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| 206 | <para>
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| 207 | <parameter>--with-pam</parameter>: This parameter enables
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| 208 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> support in the build.
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| 209 | </para>
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| 210 |
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| 211 | <para>
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| 212 | <parameter>--with-xauth=/usr/bin/xauth</parameter>: Set the default
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| 213 | location for the <command>xauth</command> binary for X authentication.
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| 214 | Change the location if <command>xauth</command> will be installed to a
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| 215 | different path. This can also be controlled from
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| 216 | <filename>sshd_config</filename> with the XAuthLocation keyword. You can
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| 217 | omit this switch if <application>Xorg</application> is already installed.
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| 218 | </para>
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| 219 |
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| 220 | <para>
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| 221 | <parameter>--with-kerberos5=/usr</parameter>: This option is used to
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| 222 | include Kerberos 5 support in the build.
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| 223 | </para>
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[409e2e7] | 224 |
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[e4e0d060] | 225 | </sect2>
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| 226 |
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| 227 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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| 228 | <title>Configuring OpenSSH</title>
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| 229 |
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| 230 | <sect3 id="openssh-config">
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| 231 | <title>Config Files</title>
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| 232 |
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[3a373116] | 233 | <para>
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| 234 | <filename>~/.ssh/*</filename>,
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[e4e0d060] | 235 | <filename>/etc/ssh/ssh_config</filename>, and
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[3a373116] | 236 | <filename>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</filename>
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| 237 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 238 |
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| 239 | <indexterm zone="openssh openssh-config">
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| 240 | <primary sortas="e-AA.ssh">~/.ssh/*</primary>
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| 241 | </indexterm>
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| 242 |
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| 243 | <indexterm zone="openssh openssh-config">
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| 244 | <primary sortas="e-etc-ssh-ssh_config">/etc/ssh/ssh_config</primary>
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| 245 | </indexterm>
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| 246 |
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| 247 | <indexterm zone="openssh openssh-config">
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| 248 | <primary sortas="e-etc-ssh-sshd_config">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</primary>
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| 249 | </indexterm>
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| 250 |
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[3a373116] | 251 | <para>
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| 252 | There are no required changes to any of these files. However,
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| 253 | you may wish to view the
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| 254 | <filename class='directory'>/etc/ssh/</filename> files and make any
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| 255 | changes appropriate for the security of your system. One recommended
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| 256 | change is that you disable
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| 257 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> login via
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| 258 | <command>ssh</command>. Execute the following command as the
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| 259 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> user to disable
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| 260 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> login via
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| 261 | <command>ssh</command>:
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| 262 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 263 |
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[6c24da75] | 264 | <screen role="root"><userinput>echo "PermitRootLogin no" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config</userinput></screen>
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| 265 |
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[3a373116] | 266 | <para>
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| 267 | If you want to be able to log in without typing in your password, first
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| 268 | create ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub with
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| 269 | <command>ssh-keygen</command> and then copy ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub to
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| 270 | ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on the remote computer that you want to log into.
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| 271 | You'll need to change REMOTE_HOSTNAME for the hostname of the remote
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| 272 | computer and you'll also need to enter you password for the ssh command
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| 273 | to succeed:
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| 274 | </para>
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| 275 |
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| 276 | <screen><userinput>ssh-keygen &&
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| 277 | public_key="$(cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub)" &&
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| 278 | ssh REMOTE_HOSTNAME "echo ${public_key} >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys" &&
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| 279 | unset public_key</userinput></screen>
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| 280 |
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| 281 | <para>
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| 282 | Once you've got passwordless logins working it's actually more secure
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| 283 | than logging in with a password (as the private key is much longer than
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| 284 | most people's passwords). If you would like to now disable password
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| 285 | logins, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 286 | </para>
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| 287 |
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| 288 |
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| 289 | <screen role="root"><userinput>echo "PasswordAuthentication no" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config &&
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| 290 | echo "ChallengeResponseAuthentication no" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config</userinput></screen>
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| 291 |
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| 292 | <para>
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| 293 | If you added <application>LinuxPAM</application> support and you want
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| 294 | ssh to use it then you will need to add a configuration file for
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| 295 | <application>sshd</application> and enable use of
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| 296 | <application>LinuxPAM</application>. Note, ssh only uses PAM to check
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| 297 | passwords, if you've disabled password logins these commands are not
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| 298 | needed. If you want to use PAM issue the following commands as the
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| 299 | <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> user:
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| 300 | </para>
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[6c24da75] | 301 |
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| 302 | <screen role="root"><userinput>sed 's@d/login@d/sshd@g' /etc/pam.d/login > /etc/pam.d/sshd &&
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[b30ddee] | 303 | chmod 644 /etc/pam.d/sshd &&
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| 304 | echo "USEPAM yes" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config</userinput></screen>
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[e4e0d060] | 305 |
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[3a373116] | 306 | <para>
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| 307 | Additional configuration information can be found in the man
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| 308 | pages for <command>sshd</command>, <command>ssh</command> and
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| 309 | <command>ssh-agent</command>.
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| 310 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 311 | </sect3>
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| 312 |
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| 313 | <sect3 id="openssh-init">
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| 314 | <title>Boot Script</title>
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| 315 |
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[3a373116] | 316 | <para>
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| 317 | To start the SSH server at system boot, install the
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[e4e0d060] | 318 | <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd</filename> init script included
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[3a373116] | 319 | in the <xref linkend="bootscripts"/> package.
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| 320 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 321 |
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| 322 | <indexterm zone="openssh openssh-init">
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| 323 | <primary sortas="f-sshd">sshd</primary>
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| 324 | </indexterm>
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| 325 |
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| 326 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install-sshd</userinput></screen>
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| 327 | </sect3>
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| 328 | </sect2>
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| 329 |
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| 330 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 331 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 332 |
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| 333 | <segmentedlist>
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| 334 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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| 335 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 336 |
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| 337 | <seglistitem>
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[3a373116] | 338 | <seg>
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| 339 | scp, sftp, sftp-server, slogin, ssh, sshd, ssh-add, ssh-agent,
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| 340 | ssh-keygen, ssh-keyscan and ssh-keysign.
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| 341 | </seg>
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| 342 | <seg>
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| 343 | /etc/ssh,
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| 344 | /var/lib/sshd,
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| 345 | /usr/lib/openssh and
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| 346 | /usr/share/doc/openssh-&openssh-version;.
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| 347 | </seg>
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[e4e0d060] | 348 | </seglistitem>
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| 349 | </segmentedlist>
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| 350 |
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| 351 | <variablelist>
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| 352 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 353 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 354 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 355 |
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| 356 | <varlistentry id="scp">
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| 357 | <term><command>scp</command></term>
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| 358 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 359 | <para>
|
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| 360 | is a file copy program that acts like <command>rcp</command> except
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| 361 | it uses an encrypted protocol.
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| 362 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 363 | <indexterm zone="openssh scp">
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| 364 | <primary sortas="b-scp">scp</primary>
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| 365 | </indexterm>
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| 366 | </listitem>
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| 367 | </varlistentry>
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| 368 |
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| 369 | <varlistentry id="sftp">
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| 370 | <term><command>sftp</command></term>
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| 371 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 372 | <para>
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| 373 | is an FTP-like program that works over the SSH1 and SSH2 protocols.
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| 374 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 375 | <indexterm zone="openssh sftp">
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| 376 | <primary sortas="b-sftp">sftp</primary>
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| 377 | </indexterm>
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| 378 | </listitem>
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| 379 | </varlistentry>
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| 380 |
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| 381 | <varlistentry id="sftp-server">
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| 382 | <term><command>sftp-server</command></term>
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| 383 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 384 | <para>
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| 385 | is an SFTP server subsystem. This program is not normally called
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| 386 | directly by the user.
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| 387 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 388 | <indexterm zone="openssh sftp-server">
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| 389 | <primary sortas="b-sftp-server">sftp-server</primary>
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| 390 | </indexterm>
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| 391 | </listitem>
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| 392 | </varlistentry>
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| 393 |
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| 394 | <varlistentry id="slogin">
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| 395 | <term><command>slogin</command></term>
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| 396 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 397 | <para>
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| 398 | is a symlink to <command>ssh</command>.
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| 399 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 400 | <indexterm zone="openssh slogin">
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| 401 | <primary sortas="g-slogin">slogin</primary>
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| 402 | </indexterm>
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| 403 | </listitem>
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| 404 | </varlistentry>
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| 405 |
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| 406 | <varlistentry id="ssh">
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| 407 | <term><command>ssh</command></term>
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| 408 | <listitem>
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[3a373116] | 409 | <para>
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| 410 | is an <command>rlogin</command>/<command>rsh</command>-like client
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| 411 | program except it uses an encrypted protocol.
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| 412 | </para>
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[e4e0d060] | 413 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh">
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| 414 | <primary sortas="b-ssh">ssh</primary>
|
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| 415 | </indexterm>
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| 416 | </listitem>
|
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| 417 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 418 |
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| 419 | <varlistentry id="sshd">
|
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| 420 | <term><command>sshd</command></term>
|
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| 421 | <listitem>
|
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[3a373116] | 422 | <para>
|
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| 423 | is a daemon that listens for <command>ssh</command> login requests.
|
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| 424 | </para>
|
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[e4e0d060] | 425 | <indexterm zone="openssh sshd">
|
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| 426 | <primary sortas="b-sshd">sshd</primary>
|
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| 427 | </indexterm>
|
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| 428 | </listitem>
|
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| 429 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 430 |
|
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| 431 | <varlistentry id="ssh-add">
|
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| 432 | <term><command>ssh-add</command></term>
|
---|
| 433 | <listitem>
|
---|
[3a373116] | 434 | <para>
|
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| 435 | is a tool which adds keys to the <command>ssh-agent</command>.
|
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| 436 | </para>
|
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[e4e0d060] | 437 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-add">
|
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| 438 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-add">ssh-add</primary>
|
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| 439 | </indexterm>
|
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| 440 | </listitem>
|
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| 441 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 442 |
|
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| 443 | <varlistentry id="ssh-agent">
|
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| 444 | <term><command>ssh-agent</command></term>
|
---|
| 445 | <listitem>
|
---|
[3a373116] | 446 | <para>
|
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| 447 | is an authentication agent that can store private keys.
|
---|
| 448 | </para>
|
---|
[e4e0d060] | 449 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-agent">
|
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| 450 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-agent">ssh-agent</primary>
|
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| 451 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 452 | </listitem>
|
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| 453 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 454 |
|
---|
| 455 | <varlistentry id="ssh-keygen">
|
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| 456 | <term><command>ssh-keygen</command></term>
|
---|
| 457 | <listitem>
|
---|
[3a373116] | 458 | <para>
|
---|
| 459 | is a key generation tool.
|
---|
| 460 | </para>
|
---|
[e4e0d060] | 461 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-keygen">
|
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| 462 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-keygen">ssh-keygen</primary>
|
---|
| 463 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 464 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 465 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 466 |
|
---|
| 467 | <varlistentry id="ssh-keyscan">
|
---|
| 468 | <term><command>ssh-keyscan</command></term>
|
---|
| 469 | <listitem>
|
---|
[3a373116] | 470 | <para>
|
---|
| 471 | is a utility for gathering public host keys from a number of hosts.
|
---|
| 472 | </para>
|
---|
[e4e0d060] | 473 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-keyscan">
|
---|
| 474 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-keyscan">ssh-keyscan</primary>
|
---|
| 475 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 476 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 477 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 478 |
|
---|
| 479 | <varlistentry id="ssh-keysign">
|
---|
| 480 | <term><command>ssh-keysign</command></term>
|
---|
| 481 | <listitem>
|
---|
[3a373116] | 482 | <para>
|
---|
| 483 | is used by <command>ssh</command> to access the local host keys and
|
---|
| 484 | generate the digital signature required during hostbased
|
---|
| 485 | authentication with SSH protocol version 2. This program is not
|
---|
| 486 | normally called directly by the user.
|
---|
| 487 | </para>
|
---|
[e4e0d060] | 488 | <indexterm zone="openssh ssh-keysign">
|
---|
| 489 | <primary sortas="b-ssh-keysign">ssh-keysign</primary>
|
---|
| 490 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 491 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 492 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 493 | </variablelist>
|
---|
| 494 | </sect2>
|
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| 495 | </sect1>
|
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