1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 |
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7 | <!ENTITY shadow-download-http "https://github.com/shadow-maint/shadow/releases/download/&shadow-version;/shadow-&shadow-version;.tar.xz">
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8 | <!ENTITY shadow-download-ftp " ">
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9 | <!ENTITY shadow-md5sum "c350da50c2120de6bb29177699d89fe3">
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10 | <!ENTITY shadow-size "1.6 MB">
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11 | <!ENTITY shadow-buildsize "31 MB">
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12 | <!ENTITY shadow-time "0.2 SBU">
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13 | ]>
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14 |
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15 | <sect1 id="shadow" xreflabel="Shadow-&shadow-version;">
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16 | <?dbhtml filename="shadow.html"?>
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17 |
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18 | <sect1info>
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19 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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20 | <date>$Date$</date>
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21 | </sect1info>
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22 |
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23 | <title>Shadow-&shadow-version;</title>
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24 |
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25 | <indexterm zone="shadow">
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26 | <primary sortas="a-Shadow">Shadow</primary>
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27 | </indexterm>
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28 |
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29 | <sect2 role="package">
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30 | <title>Introduction to Shadow</title>
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31 |
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32 | <para>
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33 | <application>Shadow</application> was indeed installed in LFS and there is
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34 | no reason to reinstall it unless you installed
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35 | <application>CrackLib</application> or
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36 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> after your LFS system was completed.
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37 | If you have installed <application>CrackLib</application> after LFS, then
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38 | reinstalling <application>Shadow</application> will enable strong password
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39 | support. If you have installed <application>Linux-PAM</application>,
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40 | reinstalling <application>Shadow</application> will allow programs such as
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41 | <command>login</command> and <command>su</command> to utilize PAM.
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42 | </para>
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43 |
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44 | &lfs80_checked;
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45 | &gcc7_checked;
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46 |
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47 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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48 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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49 | <listitem>
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50 | <para>
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51 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&shadow-download-http;"/>
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52 | </para>
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53 | </listitem>
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54 | <listitem>
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55 | <para>
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56 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&shadow-download-ftp;"/>
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57 | </para>
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58 | </listitem>
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59 | <listitem>
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60 | <para>
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61 | Download MD5 sum: &shadow-md5sum;
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62 | </para>
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63 | </listitem>
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64 | <listitem>
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65 | <para>
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66 | Download size: &shadow-size;
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67 | </para>
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68 | </listitem>
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69 | <listitem>
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70 | <para>
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71 | Estimated disk space required: &shadow-buildsize;
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72 | </para>
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73 | </listitem>
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74 | <listitem>
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75 | <para>
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76 | Estimated build time: &shadow-time;
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77 | </para>
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78 | </listitem>
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79 | </itemizedlist>
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80 |
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81 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Shadow Dependencies</bridgehead>
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82 |
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83 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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84 | <para role="required">
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85 | <xref linkend="linux-pam"/> or
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86 | <xref linkend="cracklib"/>
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87 | </para>
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88 |
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89 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">
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90 | User Notes: <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/shadow"/>
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91 | </para>
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92 | </sect2>
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93 |
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94 | <sect2 role="installation">
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95 | <title>Installation of Shadow</title>
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96 |
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97 | <important>
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98 | <para>
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99 | The installation commands shown below are for installations where
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100 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> has been installed (with or
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101 | without a <application>CrackLib</application> installation) and
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102 | <application>Shadow</application> is being reinstalled to support the
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103 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> installation.
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104 | </para>
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105 |
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106 | <para>
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107 | If you are reinstalling <application>Shadow</application> to provide
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108 | strong password support using the <application>CrackLib</application>
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109 | library without using <application>Linux-PAM</application>, ensure you
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110 | add the <parameter>--with-libcrack</parameter> parameter to the
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111 | <command>configure</command> script below and also issue the following
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112 | command:
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113 | </para>
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114 |
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115 | <screen><userinput>sed -i 's@DICTPATH.*@DICTPATH\t/lib/cracklib/pw_dict@' etc/login.defs</userinput></screen>
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116 | </important>
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117 |
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118 | <para>
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119 | Reinstall <application>Shadow</application> by running the following
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120 | commands:
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121 | </para>
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122 |
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123 | <screen><userinput>sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in &&
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124 |
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125 | find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/groups\.1 / /' {} \; &&
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126 | find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/getspnam\.3 / /' {} \; &&
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127 | find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/passwd\.5 / /' {} \; &&
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128 |
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129 | sed -i -e 's@#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES@ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512@' \
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130 | -e 's@/var/spool/mail@/var/mail@' etc/login.defs &&
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131 |
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132 | sed -i 's/1000/999/' etc/useradd &&
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133 |
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134 | ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc --with-group-name-max-length=32 &&
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135 | make</userinput></screen>
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136 |
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137 | <para>
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138 | This package does not come with a test suite.
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139 | </para>
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140 |
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141 | <para>
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142 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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143 | </para>
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144 |
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145 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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146 | mv -v /usr/bin/passwd /bin</userinput></screen>
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147 | </sect2>
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148 |
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149 | <sect2 role="commands">
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150 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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151 |
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152 | <para>
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153 | <command>sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in</command>: This sed
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154 | is used to suppress the installation of the <command>groups</command>
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155 | program as the version from the <application>Coreutils</application>
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156 | package installed during LFS is preferred.
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157 | </para>
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158 |
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159 | <para>
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160 | <command>find man -name Makefile.in -exec ... {} \;</command>: This
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161 | command is used to suppress the installation of the
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162 | <command>groups</command> man pages so the existing ones installed from
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163 | the <application>Coreutils</application> package are not replaced.
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164 | </para>
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165 |
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166 | <para>
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167 | <command>sed -i -e 's@#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES@ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512@' -e
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168 | 's@/var/spool/mail@/var/mail@' etc/login.defs</command>: Instead of using
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169 | the default 'DES' method, this command modifies the installation to use
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170 | the more secure 'SHA512' method of hashing passwords, which also allows
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171 | passwords longer than eight characters. It also changes the obsolete
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172 | <filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename> location for user
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173 | mailboxes that <application>Shadow</application> uses by default to the
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174 | <filename class="directory">/var/mail</filename> location.
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175 | </para>
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176 |
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177 | <para>
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178 | <command>sed -i 's/1000/999/' etc/useradd</command>: Make a minor change
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179 | to make the default useradd consistent with the LFS groups file.
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180 | </para>
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181 |
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182 | <para>
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183 | <parameter>--with-group-name-max-length=32</parameter>: The maximum
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184 | user name is 32 characters. Make the maximum group name the same.
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185 | </para>
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186 |
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187 | <para>
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188 | <command>mv -v /usr/bin/passwd /bin</command>: The
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189 | <command>passwd</command> program may be needed during times when the
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190 | <filename class='directory'>/usr</filename> filesystem is not mounted so
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191 | it is moved into the root partition.
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192 | </para>
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193 | </sect2>
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194 |
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195 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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196 | <title>Configuring Shadow</title>
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197 |
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198 | <para>
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199 | <application>Shadow</application>'s stock configuration for the
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200 | <command>useradd</command> utility may not be desirable for your
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201 | installation. One default parameter causes <command>useradd</command> to
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202 | create a mailbox file for any newly created user.
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203 | <command>useradd</command> will make the group ownership of this file to
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204 | the <systemitem class="groupname">mail</systemitem> group with 0660
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205 | permissions. If you would prefer that these mailbox files are not created
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206 | by <command>useradd</command>, issue the following command as the
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207 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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208 | </para>
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209 |
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210 | <screen role="root"><userinput>sed -i 's/yes/no/' /etc/default/useradd</userinput></screen>
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211 | </sect2>
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212 |
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213 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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214 | <title>Configuring Linux-PAM to Work with Shadow</title>
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215 |
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216 | <note>
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217 | <para>
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218 | The rest of this page is devoted to configuring
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219 | <application>Shadow</application> to work properly with
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220 | <application>Linux-PAM</application>. If you do not have
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221 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> installed, and you reinstalled
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222 | <application>Shadow</application> to support strong passwords via the
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223 | <application>CrackLib</application> library, no further configuration is
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224 | required.
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225 | </para>
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226 | </note>
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227 |
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228 | <sect3 id="pam.d">
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229 | <title>Config Files</title>
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230 |
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231 | <para>
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232 | <filename>/etc/pam.d/*</filename> or alternatively
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233 | <filename>/etc/pam.conf</filename>,
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234 | <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> and
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235 | <filename>/etc/security/*</filename>
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236 | </para>
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237 |
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238 | <indexterm zone="shadow pam.d">
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239 | <primary sortas="e-etc-pam.d">/etc/pam.d/*</primary>
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240 | </indexterm>
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241 |
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242 | <indexterm zone="shadow pam.d">
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243 | <primary sortas="e-etc-pam.conf">/etc/pam.conf</primary>
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244 | </indexterm>
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245 |
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246 | <indexterm zone="shadow pam.d">
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247 | <primary sortas="e-etc-login.defs">/etc/login.defs</primary>
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248 | </indexterm>
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249 |
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250 | <indexterm zone="shadow pam.d">
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251 | <primary sortas="e-etc-security">/etc/security/*</primary>
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252 | </indexterm>
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253 | </sect3>
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254 |
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255 | <sect3>
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256 | <title>Configuration Information</title>
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257 |
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258 | <para>
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259 | Configuring your system to use <application>Linux-PAM</application> can
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260 | be a complex task. The information below will provide a basic setup so
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261 | that <application>Shadow</application>'s login and password
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262 | functionality will work effectively with
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263 | <application>Linux-PAM</application>. Review the information and links
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264 | on the <xref linkend="linux-pam"/> page for further configuration
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265 | information. For information specific to integrating
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266 | <application>Shadow</application>, <application>Linux-PAM</application>
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267 | and <application>CrackLib</application>, you can visit the following
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268 | link:
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269 | </para>
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270 |
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271 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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272 | <listitem>
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273 | <para>
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274 | <ulink url="http://www.deer-run.com/~hal/sysadmin/pam_cracklib.html"/>
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275 | </para>
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276 | </listitem>
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277 | </itemizedlist>
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278 |
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279 | <sect4 id="pam-login-defs">
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280 | <title>Configuring /etc/login.defs</title>
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281 |
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282 | <para>
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283 | The <command>login</command> program currently performs many functions
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284 | which <application>Linux-PAM</application> modules should now handle.
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285 | The following <command>sed</command> command will comment out the
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286 | appropriate lines in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, and stop
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287 | <command>login</command> from performing these functions (a backup
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288 | file named <filename>/etc/login.defs.orig</filename> is also created
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289 | to preserve the original file's contents). Issue the following
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290 | commands as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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291 | </para>
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292 |
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293 | <indexterm zone="shadow pam-login-defs">
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294 | <primary sortas="e-etc-login.defs">/etc/login.defs</primary>
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295 | </indexterm>
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296 |
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297 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m644 /etc/login.defs /etc/login.defs.orig &&
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298 | for FUNCTION in FAIL_DELAY \
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299 | FAILLOG_ENAB \
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300 | LASTLOG_ENAB \
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301 | MAIL_CHECK_ENAB \
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302 | OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB \
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303 | PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB \
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304 | QUOTAS_ENAB \
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305 | CONSOLE MOTD_FILE \
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306 | FTMP_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE \
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307 | ENV_HZ PASS_MIN_LEN \
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308 | SU_WHEEL_ONLY \
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309 | CRACKLIB_DICTPATH \
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310 | PASS_CHANGE_TRIES \
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311 | PASS_ALWAYS_WARN \
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312 | CHFN_AUTH ENCRYPT_METHOD \
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313 | ENVIRON_FILE
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314 | do
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315 | sed -i "s/^${FUNCTION}/# &/" /etc/login.defs
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316 | done</userinput></screen>
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317 | </sect4>
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318 |
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319 | <sect4>
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320 | <title>Configuring the /etc/pam.d/ Files</title>
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321 |
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322 | <para>
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323 | As mentioned previously in the <application>Linux-PAM</application>
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324 | instructions, <application>Linux-PAM</application> has two supported
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325 | methods for configuration. The commands below assume that you've
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326 | chosen to use a directory based configuration, where each program has
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327 | its own configuration file. You can optionally use a single
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328 | <filename>/etc/pam.conf</filename> configuration file by using the
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329 | text from the files below, and supplying the program name as an
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330 | additional first field for each line.
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331 | </para>
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332 |
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333 | <para>
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334 | As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, replace
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335 | the following <application>Linux-PAM</application> configuration files
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336 | in the <filename class="directory">/etc/pam.d/</filename> directory
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337 | (or add the contents to the <filename>/etc/pam.conf</filename> file)
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338 | using the following commands:
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339 | </para>
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340 | </sect4>
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341 |
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342 | <sect4>
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343 | <title>'login'</title>
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344 |
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345 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/login << "EOF"
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346 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/login
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347 |
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348 | # Set failure delay before next prompt to 3 seconds
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349 | auth optional pam_faildelay.so delay=3000000
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350 |
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351 | # Check to make sure that the user is allowed to login
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352 | auth requisite pam_nologin.so
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353 |
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354 | # Check to make sure that root is allowed to login
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355 | # Disabled by default. You will need to create /etc/securetty
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356 | # file for this module to function. See man 5 securetty.
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357 | #auth required pam_securetty.so
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358 |
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359 | # Additional group memberships - disabled by default
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360 | #auth optional pam_group.so
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361 |
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362 | # include the default auth settings
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363 | auth include system-auth
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364 |
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365 | # check access for the user
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366 | account required pam_access.so
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367 |
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368 | # include the default account settings
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369 | account include system-account
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370 |
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371 | # Set default environment variables for the user
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372 | session required pam_env.so
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373 |
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374 | # Set resource limits for the user
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375 | session required pam_limits.so
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376 |
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377 | # Display date of last login - Disabled by default
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378 | #session optional pam_lastlog.so
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379 |
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380 | # Display the message of the day - Disabled by default
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381 | #session optional pam_motd.so
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382 |
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383 | # Check user's mail - Disabled by default
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384 | #session optional pam_mail.so standard quiet
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385 |
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386 | # include the default session and password settings
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387 | session include system-session
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388 | password include system-password
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389 |
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390 | # End /etc/pam.d/login</literal>
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391 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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392 | </sect4>
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393 |
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394 | <sect4>
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395 | <title>'passwd'</title>
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396 |
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397 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/passwd << "EOF"
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398 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/passwd
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399 |
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400 | password include system-password
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401 |
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402 | # End /etc/pam.d/passwd</literal>
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403 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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404 | </sect4>
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405 |
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406 | <sect4>
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407 | <title>'su'</title>
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408 |
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409 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/su << "EOF"
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410 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/su
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411 |
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412 | # always allow root
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413 | auth sufficient pam_rootok.so
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414 | auth include system-auth
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415 |
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416 | # include the default account settings
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417 | account include system-account
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418 |
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419 | # Set default environment variables for the service user
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420 | session required pam_env.so
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421 |
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422 | # include system session defaults
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423 | session include system-session
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424 |
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425 | # End /etc/pam.d/su</literal>
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426 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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427 | </sect4>
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428 |
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429 | <sect4>
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430 | <title>'chage'</title>
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431 |
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432 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/chage << "EOF"
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433 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/chage
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434 |
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435 | # always allow root
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436 | auth sufficient pam_rootok.so
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437 |
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438 | # include system defaults for auth account and session
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439 | auth include system-auth
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440 | account include system-account
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441 | session include system-session
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442 |
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443 | # Always permit for authentication updates
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444 | password required pam_permit.so
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445 |
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446 | # End /etc/pam.d/chage</literal>
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447 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
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448 | </sect4>
|
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449 |
|
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450 | <sect4>
|
---|
451 | <title>Other common programs</title>
|
---|
452 | <!--<title>'chfn', 'chgpasswd', 'chgpasswd', 'chsh', 'groupadd', 'groupdel',
|
---|
453 | 'groupmems', 'groupmod', 'newusers', 'useradd', 'userdel' and
|
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454 | 'usermod'</title>-->
|
---|
455 |
|
---|
456 | <screen role="root"><userinput>for PROGRAM in chfn chgpasswd chpasswd chsh groupadd groupdel \
|
---|
457 | groupmems groupmod newusers useradd userdel usermod
|
---|
458 | do
|
---|
459 | install -v -m644 /etc/pam.d/chage /etc/pam.d/${PROGRAM}
|
---|
460 | sed -i "s/chage/$PROGRAM/" /etc/pam.d/${PROGRAM}
|
---|
461 | done</userinput></screen>
|
---|
462 |
|
---|
463 | <para revision="systemd">Because the installation of
|
---|
464 | <application>systemd</application> is not yet complete, you will need
|
---|
465 | to remove the <filename>/run/nologin</filename> file before testing the
|
---|
466 | installation. Execute the following command as the
|
---|
467 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
|
---|
468 |
|
---|
469 | <screen role="root" revision="systemd"><userinput>rm -f /run/nologin</userinput></screen>
|
---|
470 |
|
---|
471 | <warning>
|
---|
472 | <para>
|
---|
473 | At this point, you should do a simple test to see if
|
---|
474 | <application>Shadow</application> is working as expected. Open
|
---|
475 | another terminal and log in as a user, then <command>su</command> to
|
---|
476 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>. If you do not see
|
---|
477 | any errors, then all is well and you should proceed with the rest of
|
---|
478 | the configuration. If you did receive errors, stop now and double
|
---|
479 | check the above configuration files manually. You can also run the
|
---|
480 | test suite from the <application>Linux-PAM</application> package to
|
---|
481 | assist you in determining the problem. If you cannot find and fix
|
---|
482 | the error, you should recompile <application>Shadow</application>
|
---|
483 | adding the <option>--without-libpam</option> switch to the
|
---|
484 | <command>configure</command> command in the above instructions (also
|
---|
485 | move the <filename>/etc/login.defs.orig</filename> backup file to
|
---|
486 | <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>). If you fail to do this and
|
---|
487 | the errors remain, you will be unable to log into your system.
|
---|
488 | </para>
|
---|
489 | </warning>
|
---|
490 | </sect4>
|
---|
491 |
|
---|
492 | <sect4 id="pam-access">
|
---|
493 | <title>Configuring Login Access</title>
|
---|
494 |
|
---|
495 | <para>
|
---|
496 | Instead of using the <filename>/etc/login.access</filename> file for
|
---|
497 | controlling access to the system, <application>Linux-PAM</application>
|
---|
498 | uses the <filename class='libraryfile'>pam_access.so</filename> module
|
---|
499 | along with the <filename>/etc/security/access.conf</filename> file.
|
---|
500 | Rename the <filename>/etc/login.access</filename> file using the
|
---|
501 | following command:
|
---|
502 | </para>
|
---|
503 |
|
---|
504 | <indexterm zone="shadow pam-access">
|
---|
505 | <primary sortas="e-etc-security-access.conf">/etc/security/access.conf</primary>
|
---|
506 | </indexterm>
|
---|
507 |
|
---|
508 | <screen role="root"><userinput>[ -f /etc/login.access ] && mv -v /etc/login.access{,.NOUSE}</userinput></screen>
|
---|
509 | </sect4>
|
---|
510 |
|
---|
511 | <sect4 id="pam-limits">
|
---|
512 | <title>Configuring Resource Limits</title>
|
---|
513 |
|
---|
514 | <para>
|
---|
515 | Instead of using the <filename>/etc/limits</filename> file for
|
---|
516 | limiting usage of system resources,
|
---|
517 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> uses the
|
---|
518 | <filename class='libraryfile'>pam_limits.so</filename> module along
|
---|
519 | with the <filename>/etc/security/limits.conf</filename> file. Rename
|
---|
520 | the <filename>/etc/limits</filename> file using the following command:
|
---|
521 | </para>
|
---|
522 |
|
---|
523 | <indexterm zone="shadow pam-limits">
|
---|
524 | <primary sortas="e-etc-security-limits.conf">/etc/security/limits.conf</primary>
|
---|
525 | </indexterm>
|
---|
526 |
|
---|
527 | <screen role="root"><userinput>[ -f /etc/limits ] && mv -v /etc/limits{,.NOUSE}</userinput></screen>
|
---|
528 |
|
---|
529 | <caution><para>Be sure to test the login capabilities of the system
|
---|
530 | before logging out. Errors in the configuration can cause a permanent
|
---|
531 | lockout requiring a boot from an external source to correct the
|
---|
532 | problem.</para></caution>
|
---|
533 |
|
---|
534 | </sect4>
|
---|
535 | </sect3>
|
---|
536 |
|
---|
537 | </sect2>
|
---|
538 |
|
---|
539 | <sect2 role="content">
|
---|
540 | <title>Contents</title>
|
---|
541 |
|
---|
542 | <para>
|
---|
543 | A list of the installed files, along with their short descriptions can be
|
---|
544 | found at
|
---|
545 | <phrase revision="sysv">
|
---|
546 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter06/shadow.html#contents-shadow"/></phrase>
|
---|
547 | <phrase revision="systemd">
|
---|
548 | <ulink url="&lfs-rootd;/chapter06/shadow.html#contents-shadow"/></phrase>.
|
---|
549 | </para>
|
---|
550 |
|
---|
551 | </sect2>
|
---|
552 |
|
---|
553 | </sect1>
|
---|