1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 |
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7 | <!ENTITY shadow-download-http "https://github.com/shadow-maint/shadow/releases/download/&shadow-version;/shadow-&shadow-version;.tar.xz">
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8 | <!ENTITY shadow-download-ftp " ">
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9 | <!ENTITY shadow-md5sum "b1ab01b5462ddcf43588374d57bec123">
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10 | <!ENTITY shadow-size "1.7 MB">
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11 | <!ENTITY shadow-buildsize "45 MB">
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12 | <!ENTITY shadow-time "0.2 SBU">
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13 | ]>
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14 |
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15 | <sect1 id="shadow" xreflabel="Shadow-&shadow-version;">
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16 | <?dbhtml filename="shadow.html"?>
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17 |
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18 |
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19 | <title>Shadow-&shadow-version;</title>
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20 |
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21 | <indexterm zone="shadow">
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22 | <primary sortas="a-Shadow">Shadow</primary>
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23 | </indexterm>
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24 |
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25 | <sect2 role="package">
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26 | <title>Introduction to Shadow</title>
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27 |
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28 | <para>
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29 | <application>Shadow</application> was indeed installed in LFS and there is
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30 | no reason to reinstall it unless you installed
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31 | <application>CrackLib</application> or
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32 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> after your LFS system was completed.
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33 | If you have installed <application>CrackLib</application> after LFS, then
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34 | reinstalling <application>Shadow</application> will enable strong password
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35 | support. If you have installed <application>Linux-PAM</application>,
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36 | reinstalling <application>Shadow</application> will allow programs such as
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37 | <command>login</command> and <command>su</command> to utilize PAM.
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38 | </para>
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39 |
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40 | &lfs120_checked;
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41 |
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42 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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43 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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44 | <listitem>
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45 | <para>
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46 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&shadow-download-http;"/>
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47 | </para>
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48 | </listitem>
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49 | <listitem>
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50 | <para>
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51 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&shadow-download-ftp;"/>
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52 | </para>
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53 | </listitem>
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54 | <listitem>
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55 | <para>
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56 | Download MD5 sum: &shadow-md5sum;
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57 | </para>
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58 | </listitem>
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59 | <listitem>
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60 | <para>
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61 | Download size: &shadow-size;
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62 | </para>
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63 | </listitem>
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64 | <listitem>
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65 | <para>
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66 | Estimated disk space required: &shadow-buildsize;
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67 | </para>
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68 | </listitem>
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69 | <listitem>
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70 | <para>
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71 | Estimated build time: &shadow-time;
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72 | </para>
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73 | </listitem>
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74 | </itemizedlist>
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75 | <!--
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76 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
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77 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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78 | <listitem>
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79 | <para>
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80 | Required patch:
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81 | <ulink url="&patch-root;/shadow-&shadow-version;-useradd_segfault-1.patch"/>
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82 | </para>
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83 | </listitem>
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84 | </itemizedlist>
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85 | -->
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86 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Shadow Dependencies</bridgehead>
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87 |
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88 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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89 | <para role="required">
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90 | <xref linkend="linux-pam"/> or
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91 | <xref role="nodep" linkend="cracklib"/>
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92 | </para>
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93 |
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94 | </sect2>
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95 |
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96 | <sect2 role="installation">
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97 | <title>Installation of Shadow</title>
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98 |
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99 | <important>
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100 | <para>
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101 | The installation commands shown below are for installations where
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102 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> has been installed and
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103 | <application>Shadow</application> is being reinstalled to support the
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104 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> installation.
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105 | </para>
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106 |
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107 | <para>
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108 | If you are reinstalling <application>Shadow</application> to provide
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109 | strong password support using the <application>CrackLib</application>
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110 | library without using <application>Linux-PAM</application>, ensure you
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111 | add the <parameter>--with-libcrack</parameter> parameter to the
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112 | <command>configure</command> script below and also issue the following
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113 | command:
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114 | </para>
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115 |
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116 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>sed -i 's@DICTPATH.*@DICTPATH\t/lib/cracklib/pw_dict@' etc/login.defs</userinput></screen>
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117 | </important>
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118 |
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119 | <para>
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120 | Reinstall <application>Shadow</application> by running the following
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121 | commands:
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122 | </para>
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123 | <!--
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124 | <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../shadow-4.10-useradd_segfault-1.patch &&
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125 |
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126 | sed -i "224s/rounds/min_rounds/" libmisc/salt.c &&
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127 | -->
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128 | <screen><userinput>sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in &&
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129 |
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130 | find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/groups\.1 / /' {} \; &&
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131 | find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/getspnam\.3 / /' {} \; &&
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132 | find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/passwd\.5 / /' {} \; &&
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133 |
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134 | sed -e 's@#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES@ENCRYPT_METHOD YESCRYPT@' \
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135 | -e 's@/var/spool/mail@/var/mail@' \
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136 | -e '/PATH=/{s@/sbin:@@;s@/bin:@@}' \
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137 | -i etc/login.defs &&
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138 |
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139 | ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc \
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140 | --disable-static \
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141 | --with-{b,yes}crypt \
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142 | --with-group-name-max-length=32 &&
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143 | make</userinput></screen>
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144 |
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145 | <para>
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146 | This package does not come with a test suite.
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147 | </para>
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148 |
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149 | <para>
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150 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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151 | </para>
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152 |
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153 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make exec_prefix=/usr install</userinput></screen>
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154 |
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155 | <para>
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156 | The man pages were installed in LFS, but if reinstallation is
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157 | desired, run (as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user):
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158 | </para>
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159 |
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160 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make -C man install-man</userinput></screen>
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161 |
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162 | </sect2>
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163 |
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164 | <sect2 role="commands">
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165 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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166 |
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167 | <para>
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168 | <command>sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in</command>: This sed
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169 | is used to suppress the installation of the <command>groups</command>
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170 | program as the version from the <application>Coreutils</application>
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171 | package installed during LFS is preferred.
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172 | </para>
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173 |
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174 | <para>
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175 | <command>find man -name Makefile.in -exec ... {} \;</command>: The
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176 | first command is used to suppress the installation of the
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177 | <command>groups</command> man pages so the existing ones installed from
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178 | the <application>Coreutils</application> package are not replaced.
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179 | The two other commands prevent installation of manual pages that
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180 | are already installed by <application>Man-pages</application> in LFS.
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181 | </para>
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182 |
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183 | <para>
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184 | <command>sed -e 's@#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES@ENCRYPT_METHOD YESCRYPT@' -e
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185 | 's@/var/spool/mail@/var/mail@' -e '/PATH=/{s@/sbin:@@;s@/bin:@@}'
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186 | -i etc/login.defs</command>: Instead of using the default 'DES'
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187 | method, this command modifies the installation to use the much more
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188 | secure 'YESCRYPT' method of hashing passwords, which also allows
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189 | passwords longer than eight characters. The command also changes the
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190 | obsolete <filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename> location
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191 | for user mailboxes that <application>Shadow</application> uses by
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192 | default to the <filename class="directory">/var/mail</filename>
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193 | location. It also changes the default path to be consistent with that
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194 | set in LFS.
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195 | </para>
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196 | <!--
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197 | <para>
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198 | <command>sed ... libmisc/salt.c</command> and
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199 | <command>sed ... libsubid/Makefile.am</command>: Fix a couple of errors
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200 | that were found after the package was released.
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201 | </para>
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202 | -->
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203 | <para>
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204 | <parameter>--with-group-name-max-length=32</parameter>: The maximum
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205 | user name is 32 characters. Make the maximum group name the same.
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206 | </para>
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207 | <!--
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208 | <para>
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209 | <parameter>-\-without-su</parameter>: Don't reinstall
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210 | <command>su</command> because upstream recommends using the
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211 | <command>su</command> command from <xref linkend='util-linux'/>
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212 | when <application>Linux-PAM</application> is available.
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213 | </para>
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214 | -->
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215 | </sect2>
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216 |
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217 | <!-- Now, /etc/default/useradd is not reinstalled anymore, and this
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218 | configuration has been done in lfs
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219 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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220 | <title>Configuring Shadow</title>
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221 |
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222 | <para>
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223 | <application>Shadow</application>'s stock configuration for the
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224 | <command>useradd</command> utility may not be desirable for your
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225 | installation. One default parameter causes <command>useradd</command> to
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226 | create a mailbox file for any newly created user.
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227 | <command>useradd</command> will make the group ownership of this file to
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228 | the <systemitem class="groupname">mail</systemitem> group with 0660
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229 | permissions. If you would prefer that these mailbox files are not created
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230 | by <command>useradd</command>, issue the following command as the
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231 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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232 | </para>
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233 |
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234 | <screen role="root"><userinput>sed -i 's/yes/no/' /etc/default/useradd</userinput></screen>
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235 | </sect2>
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236 | -->
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237 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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238 | <title>Configuring Linux-PAM to Work with Shadow</title>
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239 |
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240 | <note>
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241 | <para>
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242 | The rest of this page is devoted to configuring
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243 | <application>Shadow</application> to work properly with
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244 | <application>Linux-PAM</application>. If you do not have
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245 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> installed, and you reinstalled
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246 | <application>Shadow</application> to support strong passwords via the
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247 | <application>CrackLib</application> library, no further configuration is
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248 | required.
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249 | </para>
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250 | </note>
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251 |
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252 | <sect3 id="pam.d">
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253 | <title>Config Files</title>
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254 |
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255 | <para>
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256 | <filename>/etc/pam.d/*</filename> or alternatively
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257 | <filename>/etc/pam.conf</filename>,
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258 | <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> and
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259 | <filename>/etc/security/*</filename>
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260 | </para>
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261 |
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262 | <indexterm zone="shadow pam.d">
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263 | <primary sortas="e-etc-pam.d">/etc/pam.d/*</primary>
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264 | </indexterm>
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265 |
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266 | <indexterm zone="shadow pam.d">
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267 | <primary sortas="e-etc-pam.conf">/etc/pam.conf</primary>
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268 | </indexterm>
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269 |
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270 | <indexterm zone="shadow pam.d">
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271 | <primary sortas="e-etc-login.defs">/etc/login.defs</primary>
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272 | </indexterm>
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273 |
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274 | <indexterm zone="shadow pam.d">
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275 | <primary sortas="e-etc-security">/etc/security/*</primary>
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276 | </indexterm>
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277 | </sect3>
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278 |
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279 | <sect3>
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280 | <title>Configuration Information</title>
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281 |
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282 | <para>
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283 | Configuring your system to use <application>Linux-PAM</application> can
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284 | be a complex task. The information below will provide a basic setup so
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285 | that <application>Shadow</application>'s login and password
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286 | functionality will work effectively with
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287 | <application>Linux-PAM</application>. Review the information and links
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288 | on the <xref linkend="linux-pam"/> page for further configuration
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289 | information. For information specific to integrating
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290 | <application>Shadow</application>, <application>Linux-PAM</application>
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291 | and <application>libpwquality</application>, you can visit the
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292 | following link:
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293 | </para>
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294 |
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295 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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296 | <listitem>
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297 | <!-- Old URL redirects to here. -->
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298 | <para>
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299 | <ulink url="https://deer-run.com/users/hal/linux_passwords_pam.html"/>
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300 | </para>
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301 | </listitem>
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302 | </itemizedlist>
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303 |
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304 | <sect4 id="pam-login-defs">
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305 | <title>Configuring /etc/login.defs</title>
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306 |
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307 | <para>
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308 | The <command>login</command> program currently performs many functions
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309 | which <application>Linux-PAM</application> modules should now handle.
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310 | The following <command>sed</command> command will comment out the
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311 | appropriate lines in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, and stop
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312 | <command>login</command> from performing these functions (a backup
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313 | file named <filename>/etc/login.defs.orig</filename> is also created
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314 | to preserve the original file's contents). Issue the following
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315 | commands as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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316 | </para>
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317 |
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318 | <indexterm zone="shadow pam-login-defs">
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319 | <primary sortas="e-etc-login.defs">/etc/login.defs</primary>
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320 | </indexterm>
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321 |
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322 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m644 /etc/login.defs /etc/login.defs.orig &&
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323 | for FUNCTION in FAIL_DELAY \
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324 | FAILLOG_ENAB \
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325 | LASTLOG_ENAB \
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326 | MAIL_CHECK_ENAB \
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327 | OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB \
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328 | PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB \
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329 | QUOTAS_ENAB \
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330 | CONSOLE MOTD_FILE \
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331 | FTMP_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE \
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332 | ENV_HZ PASS_MIN_LEN \
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333 | SU_WHEEL_ONLY \
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334 | CRACKLIB_DICTPATH \
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335 | PASS_CHANGE_TRIES \
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336 | PASS_ALWAYS_WARN \
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337 | CHFN_AUTH ENCRYPT_METHOD \
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338 | ENVIRON_FILE
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339 | do
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340 | sed -i "s/^${FUNCTION}/# &/" /etc/login.defs
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341 | done</userinput></screen>
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342 | </sect4>
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343 |
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344 | <sect4>
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345 | <title>Configuring the /etc/pam.d/ Files</title>
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346 |
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347 | <para>
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348 | As mentioned previously in the <application>Linux-PAM</application>
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349 | instructions, <application>Linux-PAM</application> has two supported
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350 | methods for configuration. The commands below assume that you've
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351 | chosen to use a directory based configuration, where each program has
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352 | its own configuration file. You can optionally use a single
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353 | <filename>/etc/pam.conf</filename> configuration file by using the
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354 | text from the files below, and supplying the program name as an
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355 | additional first field for each line.
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356 | </para>
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357 |
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358 | <para>
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359 | As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, create
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360 | the following <application>Linux-PAM</application> configuration files
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361 | in the <filename class="directory">/etc/pam.d/</filename> directory
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362 | (or add the contents to the <filename>/etc/pam.conf</filename> file)
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363 | using the following commands:
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364 | </para>
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365 | </sect4>
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366 |
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367 | <sect4>
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368 | <title>'login'</title>
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369 |
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370 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/login << "EOF"
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371 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/login
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372 |
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373 | # Set failure delay before next prompt to 3 seconds
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374 | auth optional pam_faildelay.so delay=3000000
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375 |
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376 | # Check to make sure that the user is allowed to login
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377 | auth requisite pam_nologin.so
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378 |
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379 | # Check to make sure that root is allowed to login
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380 | # Disabled by default. You will need to create /etc/securetty
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381 | # file for this module to function. See man 5 securetty.
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382 | #auth required pam_securetty.so
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383 |
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384 | # Additional group memberships - disabled by default
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385 | #auth optional pam_group.so
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386 |
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387 | # include system auth settings
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388 | auth include system-auth
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389 |
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390 | # check access for the user
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391 | account required pam_access.so
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392 |
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393 | # include system account settings
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394 | account include system-account
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395 |
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396 | # Set default environment variables for the user
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397 | session required pam_env.so
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398 |
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399 | # Set resource limits for the user
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400 | session required pam_limits.so
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401 |
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402 | # Display the message of the day - Disabled by default
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403 | #session optional pam_motd.so
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404 |
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405 | # Check user's mail - Disabled by default
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406 | #session optional pam_mail.so standard quiet
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407 |
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408 | # include system session and password settings
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409 | session include system-session
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410 | password include system-password
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411 |
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412 | # End /etc/pam.d/login</literal>
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413 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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414 | </sect4>
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415 |
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416 | <sect4>
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417 | <title>'passwd'</title>
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418 |
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419 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/passwd << "EOF"
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420 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/passwd
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421 |
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422 | password include system-password
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423 |
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424 | # End /etc/pam.d/passwd</literal>
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425 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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426 | </sect4>
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427 |
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428 | <sect4>
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429 | <title>'su'</title>
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430 |
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431 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/su << "EOF"
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432 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/su
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433 |
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434 | # always allow root
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435 | auth sufficient pam_rootok.so
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436 |
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437 | # Allow users in the wheel group to execute su without a password
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438 | # disabled by default
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439 | #auth sufficient pam_wheel.so trust use_uid
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440 |
|
---|
441 | # include system auth settings
|
---|
442 | auth include system-auth
|
---|
443 |
|
---|
444 | # limit su to users in the wheel group
|
---|
445 | # disabled by default
|
---|
446 | #auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid
|
---|
447 |
|
---|
448 | # include system account settings
|
---|
449 | account include system-account
|
---|
450 |
|
---|
451 | # Set default environment variables for the service user
|
---|
452 | session required pam_env.so
|
---|
453 |
|
---|
454 | # include system session settings
|
---|
455 | session include system-session
|
---|
456 |
|
---|
457 | # End /etc/pam.d/su</literal>
|
---|
458 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
459 | </sect4>
|
---|
460 |
|
---|
461 | <sect4>
|
---|
462 | <title>'chpasswd' and 'newusers'</title>
|
---|
463 |
|
---|
464 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/chpasswd << "EOF"
|
---|
465 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/chpasswd
|
---|
466 |
|
---|
467 | # always allow root
|
---|
468 | auth sufficient pam_rootok.so
|
---|
469 |
|
---|
470 | # include system auth and account settings
|
---|
471 | auth include system-auth
|
---|
472 | account include system-account
|
---|
473 | password include system-password
|
---|
474 |
|
---|
475 | # End /etc/pam.d/chpasswd</literal>
|
---|
476 | EOF
|
---|
477 |
|
---|
478 | sed -e s/chpasswd/newusers/ /etc/pam.d/chpasswd >/etc/pam.d/newusers</userinput></screen>
|
---|
479 | </sect4>
|
---|
480 |
|
---|
481 | <sect4>
|
---|
482 | <title>'chage'</title>
|
---|
483 |
|
---|
484 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/chage << "EOF"
|
---|
485 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/chage
|
---|
486 |
|
---|
487 | # always allow root
|
---|
488 | auth sufficient pam_rootok.so
|
---|
489 |
|
---|
490 | # include system auth and account settings
|
---|
491 | auth include system-auth
|
---|
492 | account include system-account
|
---|
493 |
|
---|
494 | # End /etc/pam.d/chage</literal>
|
---|
495 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
---|
496 | </sect4>
|
---|
497 |
|
---|
498 | <sect4>
|
---|
499 | <title>Other shadow utilities</title>
|
---|
500 |
|
---|
501 | <screen role="root"><userinput>for PROGRAM in chfn chgpasswd chsh groupadd groupdel \
|
---|
502 | groupmems groupmod useradd userdel usermod
|
---|
503 | do
|
---|
504 | install -v -m644 /etc/pam.d/chage /etc/pam.d/${PROGRAM}
|
---|
505 | sed -i "s/chage/$PROGRAM/" /etc/pam.d/${PROGRAM}
|
---|
506 | done</userinput></screen>
|
---|
507 |
|
---|
508 | <warning>
|
---|
509 | <para>
|
---|
510 | At this point, you should do a simple test to see if
|
---|
511 | <application>Shadow</application> is working as expected. Open
|
---|
512 | another terminal and log in as
|
---|
513 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, and then run
|
---|
514 | <command>login</command> and login as another user. If you do
|
---|
515 | not see any errors, then all is well and you should proceed with
|
---|
516 | the rest of the configuration. If you did receive errors, stop
|
---|
517 | now and double check the above configuration files manually.
|
---|
518 | Any error is the sign of an error in the above procedure.
|
---|
519 | You can also run the
|
---|
520 | test suite from the <application>Linux-PAM</application> package
|
---|
521 | to assist you in determining the problem. If you cannot find and
|
---|
522 | fix the error, you should recompile
|
---|
523 | <application>Shadow</application> adding the
|
---|
524 | <option>--without-libpam</option> switch to the
|
---|
525 | <command>configure</command> command in the above instructions
|
---|
526 | (also move the <filename>/etc/login.defs.orig</filename> backup
|
---|
527 | file to <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>). If you fail to do
|
---|
528 | this and the errors remain, you will be unable to log into your
|
---|
529 | system.
|
---|
530 | </para>
|
---|
531 | </warning>
|
---|
532 | </sect4>
|
---|
533 |
|
---|
534 | <sect4 id="pam-access">
|
---|
535 | <title>Configuring Login Access</title>
|
---|
536 |
|
---|
537 | <para>
|
---|
538 | Instead of using the <filename>/etc/login.access</filename> file for
|
---|
539 | controlling access to the system, <application>Linux-PAM</application>
|
---|
540 | uses the <filename class='libraryfile'>pam_access.so</filename> module
|
---|
541 | along with the <filename>/etc/security/access.conf</filename> file.
|
---|
542 | Rename the <filename>/etc/login.access</filename> file using the
|
---|
543 | following command:
|
---|
544 | </para>
|
---|
545 |
|
---|
546 | <indexterm zone="shadow pam-access">
|
---|
547 | <primary sortas="e-etc-security-access.conf">/etc/security/access.conf</primary>
|
---|
548 | </indexterm>
|
---|
549 | <!-- to editors: it is a common belief that:
|
---|
550 | if <condition>; then <command>; fi
|
---|
551 | is equivalent to:
|
---|
552 | <condition> && <command>
|
---|
553 | This is not true in bash; try:
|
---|
554 | ([ 0 = 1 ] && echo not reachable); echo $? # echoes 1
|
---|
555 | vs
|
---|
556 | (if [ 0 = 1 ]; then echo not reachable; fi); echo $? # echoes 0
|
---|
557 | So in scripts that may call subshells (for example through sudo) and
|
---|
558 | that need error reporting, the outcome _is_ different. In all
|
---|
559 | cases, for bash, the "if" form should be preferred.-->
|
---|
560 | <screen role="root"><userinput>if [ -f /etc/login.access ]; then mv -v /etc/login.access{,.NOUSE}; fi</userinput></screen>
|
---|
561 | </sect4>
|
---|
562 |
|
---|
563 | <sect4 id="pam-limits">
|
---|
564 | <title>Configuring Resource Limits</title>
|
---|
565 |
|
---|
566 | <para>
|
---|
567 | Instead of using the <filename>/etc/limits</filename> file for
|
---|
568 | limiting usage of system resources,
|
---|
569 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> uses the
|
---|
570 | <filename class='libraryfile'>pam_limits.so</filename> module along
|
---|
571 | with the <filename>/etc/security/limits.conf</filename> file. Rename
|
---|
572 | the <filename>/etc/limits</filename> file using the following command:
|
---|
573 | </para>
|
---|
574 |
|
---|
575 | <indexterm zone="shadow pam-limits">
|
---|
576 | <primary sortas="e-etc-security-limits.conf">/etc/security/limits.conf</primary>
|
---|
577 | </indexterm>
|
---|
578 |
|
---|
579 | <screen role="root"><userinput>if [ -f /etc/limits ]; then mv -v /etc/limits{,.NOUSE}; fi</userinput></screen>
|
---|
580 |
|
---|
581 | <caution>
|
---|
582 | <para>
|
---|
583 | Be sure to test the login capabilities of the system before logging
|
---|
584 | out. Errors in the configuration can cause a permanent
|
---|
585 | lockout requiring a boot from an external source to correct the
|
---|
586 | problem.
|
---|
587 | </para>
|
---|
588 | </caution>
|
---|
589 |
|
---|
590 | </sect4>
|
---|
591 | </sect3>
|
---|
592 |
|
---|
593 | </sect2>
|
---|
594 |
|
---|
595 | <sect2 role="content">
|
---|
596 | <title>Contents</title>
|
---|
597 |
|
---|
598 | <para>
|
---|
599 | A list of the installed files, along with their short descriptions can be
|
---|
600 | found at
|
---|
601 | <ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter08/shadow.html#contents-shadow"/>.
|
---|
602 | </para>
|
---|
603 |
|
---|
604 | </sect2>
|
---|
605 |
|
---|
606 | </sect1>
|
---|