source: postlfs/security/shadow.xml@ 17fb537e

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
  %general-entities;

  <!ENTITY shadow-download-http " ">
  <!ENTITY shadow-download-ftp  "ftp://ftp.pld.org.pl/software/shadow/shadow-&shadow-version;.tar.bz2">
  <!ENTITY shadow-size          "814 KB">
  <!ENTITY shadow-buildsize     "14.1 MB">
  <!ENTITY shadow-time          "0.42 SBU">
]>

<sect1 id="shadow" xreflabel="Shadow-&shadow-version;">
<sect1info>
<othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
<date>$Date$</date>
</sect1info>
<?dbhtml filename="shadow.html"?>
<title>Shadow-&shadow-version;</title>
<indexterm zone="shadow">
<primary sortas="a-Shadow">Shadow</primary></indexterm>

<!--
<sect2>
<title>Configuring shadow</title>

<para>Shadow's Configuration File</para>

<para><userinput>/etc/login.defs</userinput></para>

<para>Enabling <acronym>MD</acronym>5 Passwords</para>

<para>To enable <acronym>MD</acronym>5 Passwords, modify the line in the
<filename>login.defs</filename> file that reads:
<screen><userinput>#MD5_CRYPT_ENAB no</userinput></screen>
to read:
<screen><userinput>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB yes</userinput></screen>
Passwords created after this change will be encrypted using
<acronym>MD</acronym>5 (Message-Digest Algorithm) instead of using 
<acronym>DES</acronym> encryption.
</para>
</sect2>
-->

<sect2>
<title>Introduction to <application>Shadow</application></title>

<para>Shadow was indeed installed in <acronym>LFS</acronym> and there is
no reason to reinstall it unless you installed
<application>Linux-<acronym>PAM</acronym></application>.  If you did,
this will allow programs like <command>login</command> and
<command>su</command> to utilize
<acronym>PAM</acronym>.</para>

<sect3><title>Package information</title>
<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
<listitem><para>Download (HTTP): 
<ulink url="&shadow-download-http;"/></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Download (FTP): 
<ulink url="&shadow-download-ftp;"/></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Download size: 
&shadow-size;</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Estimated disk space required: 
&shadow-buildsize;</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Estimated build time: 
&shadow-time;</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
</sect3>

<sect3><title>Additional downloads</title>
<itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
<listitem><para>Patch to fix linking against PAM:
<ulink url="&patch-root;/shadow-&shadow-version;-pam-1.patch"/></para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>

<sect3><title><application>Shadow</application> dependencies</title>
<sect4><title>Required</title>
<para><xref linkend="Linux_PAM"/></para></sect4>
</sect3>
</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Installation of <application>Shadow</application></title>

<para>Reinstall <application>Shadow</application> by running the following 
commands:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>patch -Np1 -i ../shadow-&shadow-version;-pam-1.patch &amp;&amp;
LIBS="-lpam -lpam_misc" ./configure --libdir=/usr/lib \
    --enable-shared --with-libpam --without-libcrack &amp;&amp;
echo '#define HAVE_SETLOCALE 1' >> config.h &amp;&amp;
sed -i '/extern char/d' libmisc/xmalloc.c &amp;&amp;
make</command></userinput></screen>

<para>Now, as the root user:</para>

<screen><userinput role='root'><command>make install &amp;&amp;
mv /bin/sg /usr/bin &amp;&amp;
mv /bin/vigr /usr/sbin &amp;&amp;
mv /usr/bin/passwd /bin &amp;&amp;
rm /bin/groups &amp;&amp;
mv /usr/lib/lib{misc,shadow}.so.0* /lib &amp;&amp;
ln -sf ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 /usr/lib/libshadow.so &amp;&amp;
ln -sf ../../lib/libmisc.so.0 /usr/lib/libmisc.so</command></userinput></screen>

</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Command explanations</title>

<para><parameter>--without-libcrack</parameter>: This switch tells 
<application>Shadow</application> not to use 
<filename class='libraryfile'>libcrack</filename>. This is desired as
<application>Linux-<acronym>PAM</acronym></application> already contains 
<filename class='libraryfile'>libcrack</filename>.</para>

<para><command>sed -i '/extern char/d' libmisc/xmalloc.c</command>: This
fixes a compilation problem when using <application>GCC</application>-3.4.x.
</para>

</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Configuring <application>Linux-<acronym>PAM</acronym></application> to 
work with <application>Shadow</application></title>

<sect3 id="pam.d"><title>Config files</title>
<para><filename>/etc/pam.d/login</filename>,
<filename>/etc/pam.d/passwd</filename>,
<filename>/etc/pam.d/su</filename>,
<filename>/etc/pam.d/shadow</filename>, 
<filename>/etc/pam.d/useradd</filename>, and 
<filename>/etc/pam.d/chage</filename> &ndash; 
alternatively, <filename>/etc/pam.conf</filename></para>
<indexterm zone="shadow pam.d">
<primary sortas="e-etc-pam.d">/etc/pam.d/*</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm zone="shadow pam.d">
<primary sortas="e-etc-pam.conf">/etc/pam.conf</primary></indexterm>
</sect3>

<sect3><title>Configuration Information</title>

<para>Add the following <application>Linux-<acronym>PAM</acronym></application> 
configuration files to <filename class="directory">/etc/pam.d/</filename> (or 
add them to <filename>/etc/pam.conf</filename> with the additional field for 
the program).</para>

<screen><userinput><command>cat &gt; /etc/pam.d/login &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
# Begin /etc/pam.d/login

auth        requisite      pam_securetty.so
auth        requisite      pam_nologin.so
auth        required       pam_env.so
auth        required       pam_unix.so
account     required       pam_access.so
account     required       pam_unix.so
session     required       pam_motd.so
session     required       pam_limits.so
session     optional       pam_mail.so     dir=/var/mail standard
session     optional       pam_lastlog.so
session     required       pam_unix.so

# End /etc/pam.d/login
<command>EOF
cat &gt; /etc/pam.d/passwd &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
# Begin /etc/pam.d/passwd

password    required       pam_unix.so     md5 shadow 

# End /etc/pam.d/passwd
<command>EOF
cat &gt; /etc/pam.d/shadow &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
# Begin /etc/pam.d/shadow

auth        sufficient      pam_rootok.so
auth        required        pam_unix.so
account     required        pam_unix.so
session     required        pam_unix.so
password    required        pam_permit.so

# End /etc/pam.d/shadow
<command>EOF
cat &gt; /etc/pam.d/su &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
# Begin /etc/pam.d/su

auth        sufficient      pam_rootok.so
auth        required        pam_unix.so
account     required        pam_unix.so
session     required        pam_unix.so

# End /etc/pam.d/su
<command>EOF
cat &gt; /etc/pam.d/useradd &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
# Begin /etc/pam.d/useradd

auth        sufficient      pam_rootok.so
auth        required        pam_unix.so
account     required        pam_unix.so
session     required        pam_unix.so
password    required        pam_permit.so

# End /etc/pam.d/useradd
<command>EOF
cat &gt; /etc/pam.d/chage &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
# Begin /etc/pam.d/chage

auth        sufficient      pam_rootok.so
auth        required        pam_unix.so
account     required        pam_unix.so
session     required        pam_unix.so
password    required        pam_permit.so

# End /etc/pam.d/chage
<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>

<note><para>If you've installed <application>cracklib</application>, replace 
<filename>/etc/pam.d/passwd</filename> with the following:</para></note>
<screen><userinput><command>cat &gt; /etc/pam.d/passwd &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command> 
# Begin /etc/pam.d/passwd

password    required    pam_cracklib.so     \
    retry=3  difok=8  minlen=5  dcredit=3  ocredit=3  ucredit=2  lcredit=2
password    required    pam_unix.so     md5 shadow use_authtok

# End /etc/pam.d/passwd
<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>

<warning><para>At this point, you should do a simple test to see if
<application>Shadow</application> is
working as expected.  Open another term and login as a user, then su to
to root.  If you do not see any errors, then all is well and you should
proceed with the rest of the configuration.  If you did
receive errors, stop now and double check the above configuration files
manually.  If you cannot find, and fix the error, you should recompile 
shadow replacing <envar>--with-libpam</envar> with
<envar>--without-libpam</envar> in the above
instructions.  If you fail to do this and the errors remain, you
will be unable to log into your system.</para></warning>

<para>Currently, <filename>/etc/pam.d/other</filename> is configured to
allow anyone with an account on the machine to use programs
that do not specifically have a configuration file of their own. After
testing <application>Linux-<acronym>PAM</acronym></application> for proper 
configuration, it can be changed to the following:</para>

<screen><userinput><command>cat &gt; /etc/pam.d/other &lt;&lt; "EOF"</command>
# Begin /etc/pam.d/other

auth        required        pam_deny.so
auth        required        pam_warn.so
account     required        pam_deny.so
session     required        pam_deny.so
password    required        pam_deny.so
password    required        pam_warn.so

# End /etc/pam.d/other
<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>

<para>Finally, edit <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> by adding '#'
to the beginning of the following lines:</para>
<screen>LASTLOG_ENAB
MAIL_CHECK_ENAB
PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB
CONSOLE
MOTD_FILE
NOLOGINS_FILE
PASS_MIN_LEN
SU_WHEEL_ONLY
MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
CONSOLE_GROUPS
ENVIRON_FILE</screen>

<para>This stops <command>login</command> from performing these functions, as 
they will now be performed by <acronym>PAM</acronym> modules. Additionally, 
add a '#' to the beginning of the following lines if you've installed 
<application>cracklib</application>:</para>
<screen>OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB
CRACKLIB_DICTPATH
PASS_CHANGE_TRIES
PASS_ALWAYS_WARN</screen>
</sect3>

</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Contents</title>

<para>A list of the installed files, along with their short descriptions can 
be found at <ulink 
url="http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/6.0/chapter06/shadow.html"/>.
</para>

</sect2>

</sect1>