[cf341b4] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[6732c094] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[cf341b4] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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[06915b3] | 7 | <!ENTITY sudo-download-http "http://www.sudo.ws/dist/sudo-&sudo-version;.tar.gz">
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[926d146d] | 8 | <!ENTITY sudo-download-ftp "ftp://ftp.sudo.ws/pub/sudo/sudo-&sudo-version;.tar.gz">
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[9787b95] | 9 | <!ENTITY sudo-md5sum "b5c184b13b6b5de32af630af2fd013fd">
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[10513885] | 10 | <!ENTITY sudo-size "3.1 MB">
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| 11 | <!ENTITY sudo-buildsize "38 MB (with tests)">
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[714b5e4c] | 12 | <!ENTITY sudo-time "0.4 SBU (with tests)">
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[cf341b4] | 13 | ]>
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| 14 |
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[bcd2922] | 15 | <sect1 id="sudo" xreflabel="Sudo-&sudo-version;">
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[cf341b4] | 16 | <?dbhtml filename="sudo.html"?>
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| 17 |
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| 18 | <sect1info>
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[e19ad480] | 19 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 20 | <date>$Date$</date>
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[cf341b4] | 21 | </sect1info>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <title>Sudo-&sudo-version;</title>
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| 24 |
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| 25 | <indexterm zone="sudo">
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[bcd2922] | 26 | <primary sortas="a-Sudo">Sudo</primary>
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[cf341b4] | 27 | </indexterm>
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| 28 |
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| 29 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 30 | <title>Introduction to Sudo</title>
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| 31 |
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[bcd2922] | 32 | <para>
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| 33 | The <application>Sudo</application> package allows a system administrator
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| 34 | to give certain users (or groups of users) the ability to run
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| 35 | some (or all) commands as
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| 36 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> or another user while
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| 37 | logging the commands and arguments.
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| 38 | </para>
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[cf341b4] | 39 |
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[3077c39] | 40 | &lfs90_checked;
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[a8d3d55a] | 41 |
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[cf341b4] | 42 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 43 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 44 | <listitem>
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[bcd2922] | 45 | <para>
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| 46 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&sudo-download-http;"/>
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| 47 | </para>
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[cf341b4] | 48 | </listitem>
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| 49 | <listitem>
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[bcd2922] | 50 | <para>
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| 51 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&sudo-download-ftp;"/>
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| 52 | </para>
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[cf341b4] | 53 | </listitem>
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| 54 | <listitem>
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[bcd2922] | 55 | <para>
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| 56 | Download MD5 sum: &sudo-md5sum;
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| 57 | </para>
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[cf341b4] | 58 | </listitem>
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| 59 | <listitem>
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[bcd2922] | 60 | <para>
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| 61 | Download size: &sudo-size;
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| 62 | </para>
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[cf341b4] | 63 | </listitem>
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| 64 | <listitem>
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[bcd2922] | 65 | <para>
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| 66 | Estimated disk space required: &sudo-buildsize;
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| 67 | </para>
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[cf341b4] | 68 | </listitem>
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| 69 | <listitem>
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[bcd2922] | 70 | <para>
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| 71 | Estimated build time: &sudo-time;
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| 72 | </para>
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[cf341b4] | 73 | </listitem>
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| 74 | </itemizedlist>
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| 75 |
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| 76 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Sudo Dependencies</bridgehead>
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| 77 |
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| 78 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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[bcd2922] | 79 | <para role="optional">
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| 80 | <xref linkend="linux-pam"/>,
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| 81 | <xref linkend="mitkrb"/>,
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| 82 | <xref linkend="openldap"/>,
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[6b4f8529] | 83 | <xref linkend="server-mail"/> (that provides a
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| 84 | <command>sendmail</command> command),
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| 85 | <ulink url="http://www.openafs.org/">AFS</ulink>,
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[06915b3] | 86 | <ulink url="http://www.fwtk.org/">FWTK</ulink>, and
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[8dfc5c3] | 87 | <ulink url="&sourceforge-dl;/opie/">Opie</ulink>
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[06915b3] | 88 | <!-- <ulink url="http://www.rsa.com/node.aspx?id=1156">SecurID</ulink>-->
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[bcd2922] | 89 | </para>
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[b35e86b2] | 90 |
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[3597eb6] | 91 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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[bcd2922] | 92 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/sudo"/>
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| 93 | </para>
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[cf341b4] | 94 | </sect2>
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| 95 |
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| 96 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 97 | <title>Installation of Sudo</title>
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| 98 |
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[bcd2922] | 99 | <para>
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[6e5d584] | 100 | Install <application>Sudo</application> by running the following commands:
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[bcd2922] | 101 | </para>
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[cf341b4] | 102 |
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[1c69133] | 103 | <!-- Developer: apparently it is disabled by default, although in configure it
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| 104 | is written otherwise -disable-static \-->
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[b9d56ad4] | 105 | <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
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[edaee95] | 106 | --libexecdir=/usr/lib \
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[1a657ca] | 107 | --with-secure-path \
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[b9d56ad4] | 108 | --with-all-insults \
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| 109 | --with-env-editor \
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| 110 | --docdir=/usr/share/doc/sudo-&sudo-version; \
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[9dabcf3] | 111 | --with-passprompt="[sudo] password for %p: " &&
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[cf341b4] | 112 | make</userinput></screen>
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| 113 |
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[bcd2922] | 114 | <para>
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[6b4f8529] | 115 | To test the results, issue: <command>env LC_ALL=C make check 2>&1
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| 116 | | tee ../make-check.log</command>. Check the results with <command>grep
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[ecd8cc2] | 117 | failed ../make-check.log</command>. One test, test3, is known to fail
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| 118 | if the tests are run as the root user.
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[bcd2922] | 119 | </para>
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[21755bc] | 120 |
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[bcd2922] | 121 | <para>
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| 122 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 123 | </para>
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[cf341b4] | 124 |
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[2809c8c] | 125 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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| 126 | ln -sfv libsudo_util.so.0.0.0 /usr/lib/sudo/libsudo_util.so.0</userinput></screen>
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[cf341b4] | 127 |
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| 128 | </sect2>
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| 129 |
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| 130 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 131 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 132 |
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[663b79c2] | 133 | <para>
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[edaee95] | 134 | <parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib</parameter>: This switch controls where
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[663b79c2] | 135 | private programs are installed. Everything in that directory is a library, so
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| 136 | they belong under <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> instead of
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| 137 | <filename class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename>.
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[8466229] | 138 | </para>
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| 139 |
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| 140 | <para>
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| 141 | <parameter>--with-secure-path</parameter>: This switch transparently adds
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| 142 | <filename class="directory">/sbin</filename> and <filename
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| 143 | class="directory">/usr/sbin</filename> directories to the
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| 144 | <envar>PATH</envar> environment variable.
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[663b79c2] | 145 | </para>
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| 146 |
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[bcd2922] | 147 | <para>
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[f3d174f] | 148 | <parameter>--with-all-insults</parameter>: This switch includes all the
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[bcd2922] | 149 | <application>sudo</application> insult sets.
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| 150 | </para>
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[cf341b4] | 151 |
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[bcd2922] | 152 | <para>
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[f3d174f] | 153 | <parameter>--with-env-editor</parameter>: This switch enables use of the
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[bcd2922] | 154 | environment variable EDITOR for <command>visudo</command>.
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| 155 | </para>
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[8890b85f] | 156 |
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[f3d174f] | 157 | <para>
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[ecea644] | 158 | <parameter>--with-passprompt</parameter>: This switch sets the password prompt.
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[f3d174f] | 159 | </para>
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| 160 |
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[14c71e0a] | 161 | <para>
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[f586237] | 162 | <option>--without-pam</option>: This switch avoids building
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| 163 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> support when
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| 164 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> is installed on the system.
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[14c71e0a] | 165 | </para>
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[17b685f1] | 166 | <!-- See the developer note above before the configure command
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[b9d56ad4] | 167 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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[f1d7196] | 168 | href="../../xincludes/static-libraries.xml"/>-->
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[b9d56ad4] | 169 |
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[33d90fe] | 170 | <note>
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[bcd2922] | 171 | <para>
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| 172 | There are many options to <application>sudo</application>'s
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| 173 | <command>configure</command> command. Check the
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| 174 | <command>configure --help</command> output for a complete list.
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| 175 | </para>
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[33d90fe] | 176 | </note>
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[cf341b4] | 177 |
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[2809c8c] | 178 | <para>
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[f586237] | 179 | <command>ln -sfv libsudo_util...</command>: Works around a bug in the
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[2809c8c] | 180 | installation process, which links to the previously installed
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| 181 | version (if there is one) instead of the new one.
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| 182 | </para>
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| 183 |
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[cf341b4] | 184 | </sect2>
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| 185 |
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| 186 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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| 187 | <title>Configuring Sudo</title>
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| 188 |
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| 189 | <sect3 id="sudo-config">
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| 190 | <title>Config File</title>
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| 191 |
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[7a47afc] | 192 | <para>
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| 193 | <filename>/etc/sudoers</filename>
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| 194 | </para>
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[cf341b4] | 195 |
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| 196 | <indexterm zone="sudo sudo-config">
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| 197 | <primary sortas="e-etc-sudoers">/etc/sudoers</primary>
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| 198 | </indexterm>
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| 199 |
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| 200 | </sect3>
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| 201 |
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| 202 | <sect3>
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| 203 | <title>Configuration Information</title>
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| 204 |
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[bcd2922] | 205 | <para>
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| 206 | The <filename>sudoers</filename> file can be quite complicated. It
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| 207 | is composed of two types of entries: aliases (basically variables) and
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| 208 | user specifications (which specify who may run what). The installation
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[b4c31a6] | 209 | installs a default configuration that has no privileges installed for
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| 210 | any user.
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[bcd2922] | 211 | </para>
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[bccbdaea] | 212 |
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[a5b9f1e] | 213 | <para>
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[77b64bd] | 214 | A couple of common configuration chanes are to set the path for the
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| 215 | super user and to allow members of the wheel group to execute all
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| 216 | commands after providing their own credientials. Use the following
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| 217 | commands to create the <filename>/etc/sudoers.d/sudo</filename>
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| 218 | configuration file as the
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| 219 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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[a5b9f1e] | 220 | </para>
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| 221 |
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[77b64bd] | 222 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/sudoers.d/sudo << "EOF"
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| 223 | <literal>Defaults secure_path="/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin"
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| 224 | %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL</literal>
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| 225 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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[a5b9f1e] | 226 |
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[bcd2922] | 227 | <para>
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| 228 | For details, see <command>man sudoers</command>.
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| 229 | </para>
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[cf341b4] | 230 |
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[3c0f868f] | 231 | <note>
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[bcd2922] | 232 | <para>
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| 233 | The <application>Sudo</application> developers highly recommend
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| 234 | using the <command>visudo</command> program to edit the
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| 235 | <filename>sudoers</filename> file. This will provide basic sanity
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[b4c31a6] | 236 | checking like syntax parsing and file permission to avoid some
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| 237 | possible mistakes that could lead to a vulnerable configuration.
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[bcd2922] | 238 | </para>
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[3c0f868f] | 239 | </note>
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| 240 |
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[bcd2922] | 241 | <para>
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[14c71e0a] | 242 | If <application>PAM</application> is installed on the system,
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| 243 | <application>Sudo</application> is built with
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[b4c31a6] | 244 | <application>PAM</application> support. In that case, issue the
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| 245 | following command as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
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| 246 | user to create the <application>PAM</application> configuration file:
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[bcd2922] | 247 | </para>
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[8890b85f] | 248 |
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[add8d4f] | 249 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/sudo << "EOF"
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| 250 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/sudo
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[b3a4f60] | 251 |
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| 252 | # include the default auth settings
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| 253 | auth include system-auth
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| 254 |
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| 255 | # include the default account settings
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| 256 | account include system-account
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| 257 |
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| 258 | # Set default environment variables for the service user
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| 259 | session required pam_env.so
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| 260 |
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| 261 | # include system session defaults
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| 262 | session include system-session
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| 263 |
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[add8d4f] | 264 | # End /etc/pam.d/sudo</literal>
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[b3a4f60] | 265 | EOF
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| 266 | chmod 644 /etc/pam.d/sudo</userinput></screen>
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[fd7e0ed6] | 267 |
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[cf341b4] | 268 | </sect3>
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| 269 |
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| 270 | </sect2>
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| 271 |
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| 272 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 273 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 274 |
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| 275 | <segmentedlist>
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| 276 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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[9d53187] | 277 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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[cf341b4] | 278 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 279 |
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| 280 | <seglistitem>
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[bcd2922] | 281 | <seg>
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[a1e0f76] | 282 | sudo, sudoedit (symlink), sudoreplay, and visudo
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[bcd2922] | 283 | </seg>
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| 284 | <seg>
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[6b4f8529] | 285 | group_file.so, libsudo_util.so,
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| 286 | sudoers.so, sudo_noexec.so, and system_group.so
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[bcd2922] | 287 | </seg>
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| 288 | <seg>
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[7a47afc] | 289 | /etc/sudoers.d,
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[b378aa0] | 290 | /usr/lib/sudo,
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[06915b3] | 291 | /usr/share/doc/sudo-&sudo-version;, and
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| 292 | /var/{lib,run}/sudo
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[bcd2922] | 293 | </seg>
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[cf341b4] | 294 | </seglistitem>
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| 295 | </segmentedlist>
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| 296 |
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| 297 | <variablelist>
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| 298 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 299 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 300 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 301 |
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| 302 | <varlistentry id="sudo_prog">
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| 303 | <term><command>sudo</command></term>
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| 304 | <listitem>
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[bcd2922] | 305 | <para>
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| 306 | executes a command as another user as permitted by
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| 307 | the <filename>/etc/sudoers</filename> configuration file.
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[cf341b4] | 308 | </para>
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| 309 | <indexterm zone="sudo sudo">
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| 310 | <primary sortas="b-sudo">sudo</primary>
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| 311 | </indexterm>
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| 312 | </listitem>
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| 313 | </varlistentry>
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| 314 |
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| 315 | <varlistentry id="sudoedit">
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| 316 | <term><command>sudoedit</command></term>
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| 317 | <listitem>
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[bcd2922] | 318 | <para>
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[a1e0f76] | 319 | is a symlink to <command>sudo</command> that implies the
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[bcd2922] | 320 | <option>-e</option> option to invoke an editor as another user.
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| 321 | </para>
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[cf341b4] | 322 | <indexterm zone="sudo sudoedit">
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| 323 | <primary sortas="b-sudoedit">sudoedit</primary>
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| 324 | </indexterm>
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| 325 | </listitem>
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| 326 | </varlistentry>
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| 327 |
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[72d90b67] | 328 | <varlistentry id="sudoreplay">
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| 329 | <term><command>sudoreplay</command></term>
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[3c0f868f] | 330 | <listitem>
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[bcd2922] | 331 | <para>
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[72d90b67] | 332 | is used to play back or list the output
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| 333 | logs created by <command>sudo</command>.
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[bcd2922] | 334 | </para>
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[72d90b67] | 335 | <indexterm zone="sudo sudoreplay">
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| 336 | <primary sortas="b-sudoreplay">sudoreplay</primary>
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[3c0f868f] | 337 | </indexterm>
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| 338 | </listitem>
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| 339 | </varlistentry>
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| 340 |
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[72d90b67] | 341 | <varlistentry id="visudo">
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| 342 | <term><command>visudo</command></term>
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[61b8305] | 343 | <listitem>
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[bcd2922] | 344 | <para>
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[72d90b67] | 345 | allows for safer editing of the <filename>sudoers</filename>
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| 346 | file.
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[bcd2922] | 347 | </para>
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[72d90b67] | 348 | <indexterm zone="sudo visudo">
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| 349 | <primary sortas="b-visudo">visudo</primary>
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[61b8305] | 350 | </indexterm>
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| 351 | </listitem>
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| 352 | </varlistentry>
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[3c0f868f] | 353 |
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[cf341b4] | 354 | </variablelist>
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| 355 |
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| 356 | </sect2>
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| 357 |
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| 358 | </sect1>
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