| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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| 7 | <!ENTITY sudo-download-http "https://www.sudo.ws/dist/sudo-&sudo-version;.tar.gz">
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| 8 | <!ENTITY sudo-download-ftp "ftp://ftp.sudo.ws/pub/sudo/sudo-&sudo-version;.tar.gz">
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| 9 | <!ENTITY sudo-md5sum "f831c1d62835cde89c261465d9c781e4">
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| 10 | <!ENTITY sudo-size "4.1 MB">
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| 11 | <!ENTITY sudo-buildsize "45 MB (add 14 MB for tests)">
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| 12 | <!ENTITY sudo-time "0.5 SBU (add 0.1 SBU for tests)">
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| 13 | ]>
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| 14 |
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| 15 | <sect1 id="sudo" xreflabel="Sudo-&sudo-version;">
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| 16 | <?dbhtml filename="sudo.html"?>
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| 17 |
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| 18 | <sect1info>
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| 19 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 20 | </sect1info>
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| 21 |
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| 22 | <title>Sudo-&sudo-version;</title>
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| 23 |
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| 24 | <indexterm zone="sudo">
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| 25 | <primary sortas="a-Sudo">Sudo</primary>
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| 26 | </indexterm>
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| 27 |
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| 28 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 29 | <title>Introduction to Sudo</title>
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| 30 |
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| 31 | <para>
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| 32 | The <application>Sudo</application> package allows a system administrator
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| 33 | to give certain users (or groups of users) the ability to run
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| 34 | some (or all) commands as
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| 35 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> or another user while
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| 36 | logging the commands and arguments.
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| 37 | </para>
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| 38 |
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| 39 | &lfs110a_checked;
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| 40 |
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| 41 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 42 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 43 | <listitem>
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| 44 | <para>
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| 45 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&sudo-download-http;"/>
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| 46 | </para>
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| 47 | </listitem>
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| 48 | <listitem>
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| 49 | <para>
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| 50 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&sudo-download-ftp;"/>
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| 51 | </para>
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| 52 | </listitem>
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| 53 | <listitem>
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| 54 | <para>
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| 55 | Download MD5 sum: &sudo-md5sum;
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| 56 | </para>
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| 57 | </listitem>
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| 58 | <listitem>
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| 59 | <para>
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| 60 | Download size: &sudo-size;
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| 61 | </para>
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| 62 | </listitem>
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| 63 | <listitem>
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| 64 | <para>
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| 65 | Estimated disk space required: &sudo-buildsize;
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| 66 | </para>
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| 67 | </listitem>
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| 68 | <listitem>
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| 69 | <para>
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| 70 | Estimated build time: &sudo-time;
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| 71 | </para>
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| 72 | </listitem>
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| 73 | </itemizedlist>
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| 74 |
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| 75 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Sudo Dependencies</bridgehead>
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| 76 |
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| 77 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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| 78 | <para role="optional">
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| 79 | <xref linkend="linux-pam"/>,
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| 80 | <xref linkend="mitkrb"/>,
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| 81 | <xref linkend="openldap"/>,
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| 82 | <xref linkend="server-mail"/> (that provides a
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| 83 | <command>sendmail</command> command),
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| 84 | <ulink url="http://www.openafs.org/">AFS</ulink>,
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| 85 | <ulink url="http://www.fwtk.org/">FWTK</ulink>, and
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| 86 | <ulink url="&sourceforge-dl;/opie/">Opie</ulink>
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| 87 | </para>
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| 88 |
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| 89 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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| 90 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/sudo"/>
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| 91 | </para>
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| 92 | </sect2>
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| 93 |
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| 94 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 95 | <title>Installation of Sudo</title>
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| 96 |
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| 97 | <para>
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| 98 | Install <application>Sudo</application> by running the following commands:
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| 99 | </para>
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| 100 |
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| 101 | <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
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| 102 | --libexecdir=/usr/lib \
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| 103 | --with-secure-path \
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| 104 | --with-all-insults \
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| 105 | --with-env-editor \
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| 106 | --docdir=/usr/share/doc/sudo-&sudo-version; \
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| 107 | --with-passprompt="[sudo] password for %p: " &&
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| 108 | make</userinput></screen>
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| 109 |
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| 110 | <para>
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| 111 | To test the results, issue: <command>env LC_ALL=C make check 2>&1
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| 112 | | tee make-check.log</command>. Check the results with <command>grep
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| 113 | failed make-check.log</command>.
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| 114 | </para>
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| 115 |
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| 116 | <para>
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| 117 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 118 | </para>
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| 119 |
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| 120 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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| 121 | ln -sfv libsudo_util.so.0.0.0 /usr/lib/sudo/libsudo_util.so.0</userinput></screen>
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| 122 |
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| 123 | </sect2>
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| 124 |
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| 125 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 126 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 127 |
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| 128 | <para>
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| 129 | <parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib</parameter>: This switch controls where
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| 130 | private programs are installed. Everything in that directory is a library, so
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| 131 | they belong under <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> instead of
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| 132 | <filename class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename>.
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| 133 | </para>
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| 134 |
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| 135 | <para>
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| 136 | <parameter>--with-secure-path</parameter>: This switch transparently adds
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| 137 | <filename class="directory">/sbin</filename> and <filename
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| 138 | class="directory">/usr/sbin</filename> directories to the
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| 139 | <envar>PATH</envar> environment variable.
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| 140 | </para>
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| 141 |
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| 142 | <para>
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| 143 | <parameter>--with-all-insults</parameter>: This switch includes all the
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| 144 | <application>sudo</application> insult sets.
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| 145 | </para>
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| 146 |
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| 147 | <para>
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| 148 | <parameter>--with-env-editor</parameter>: This switch enables use of the
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| 149 | environment variable EDITOR for <command>visudo</command>.
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| 150 | </para>
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| 151 |
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| 152 | <para>
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| 153 | <parameter>--with-passprompt</parameter>: This switch sets the password prompt.
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| 154 | The <parameter>%p</parameter> will be expanded to the name of the user whose password is being requested.
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| 155 | </para>
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| 156 |
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| 157 | <para>
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| 158 | <option>--without-pam</option>: This switch avoids building
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| 159 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> support when
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| 160 | <application>Linux-PAM</application> is installed on the system.
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| 161 | </para>
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| 162 | <!-- See the developer note above before the configure command
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| 163 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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| 164 | href="../../xincludes/static-libraries.xml"/>-->
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| 165 |
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| 166 | <note>
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| 167 | <para>
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| 168 | There are many options to <application>sudo</application>'s
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| 169 | <command>configure</command> command. Check the
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| 170 | <command>configure --help</command> output for a complete list.
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| 171 | </para>
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| 172 | </note>
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| 173 |
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| 174 | <para>
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| 175 | <command>ln -sfv libsudo_util...</command>: Works around a bug in the
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| 176 | installation process, which links to the previously installed
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| 177 | version (if there is one) instead of the new one.
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| 178 | </para>
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| 179 |
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| 180 | </sect2>
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| 181 |
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| 182 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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| 183 | <title>Configuring Sudo</title>
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| 184 |
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| 185 | <sect3 id="sudo-config">
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| 186 | <title>Config File</title>
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| 187 |
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| 188 | <para>
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| 189 | <filename>/etc/sudoers</filename>
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| 190 | </para>
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| 191 |
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| 192 | <indexterm zone="sudo sudo-config">
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| 193 | <primary sortas="e-etc-sudoers">/etc/sudoers</primary>
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| 194 | </indexterm>
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| 195 |
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| 196 | </sect3>
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| 197 |
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| 198 | <sect3>
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| 199 | <title>Configuration Information</title>
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| 200 |
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| 201 | <para>
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| 202 | The <filename>sudoers</filename> file can be quite complicated. It
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| 203 | is composed of two types of entries: aliases (basically variables) and
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| 204 | user specifications (which specify who may run what). The installation
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| 205 | installs a default configuration that has no privileges installed for
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| 206 | any user.
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| 207 | </para>
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| 208 |
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| 209 | <para>
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| 210 | A couple of common configuration changes are to set the path for the
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| 211 | super user and to allow members of the wheel group to execute all
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| 212 | commands after providing their own credientials. Use the following
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| 213 | commands to create the <filename>/etc/sudoers.d/00-sudo</filename>
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| 214 | configuration file as the
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| 215 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 216 | </para>
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| 217 |
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| 218 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/sudoers.d/00-sudo << "EOF"
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| 219 | <literal>Defaults secure_path="/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
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| 220 | %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL</literal>
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| 221 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 222 |
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| 223 | <note>
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| 224 | <para>
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| 225 | In very simple installations where there is only one user, it
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| 226 | may be easier to just edit the <filename>/etc/sudoers</filename>
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| 227 | file directly. In that case, the <varname>secure_path</varname>
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| 228 | entry may not be needed and using <command>sudo -E ...</command> can
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| 229 | import the non-privileged user's full environment into the
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| 230 | privileged session.
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| 231 | </para>
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| 232 |
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| 233 | <para>
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| 234 | The files in the <filename class="directory">/etc/sudoers.d</filename>
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| 235 | directory are parsed in sorted lexical order. Be careful that entries
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| 236 | in an added file do not overwrite previous entries.
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| 237 | </para>
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| 238 | </note>
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| 239 |
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| 240 | <para>
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| 241 | For details, see <command>man sudoers</command>.
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| 242 | </para>
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| 243 |
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| 244 | <note>
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| 245 | <para>
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| 246 | The <application>Sudo</application> developers highly recommend
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| 247 | using the <command>visudo</command> program to edit the
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| 248 | <filename>sudoers</filename> file. This will provide basic sanity
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| 249 | checking like syntax parsing and file permission to avoid some
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| 250 | possible mistakes that could lead to a vulnerable configuration.
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| 251 | </para>
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| 252 | </note>
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| 253 |
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| 254 | <para>
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| 255 | If <application>PAM</application> is installed on the system,
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| 256 | <application>Sudo</application> is built with
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| 257 | <application>PAM</application> support. In that case, issue the
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| 258 | following command as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
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| 259 | user to create the <application>PAM</application> configuration file:
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| 260 | </para>
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| 261 |
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| 262 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/sudo << "EOF"
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| 263 | <literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/sudo
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| 264 |
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| 265 | # include the default auth settings
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| 266 | auth include system-auth
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| 267 |
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| 268 | # include the default account settings
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| 269 | account include system-account
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| 270 |
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| 271 | # Set default environment variables for the service user
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| 272 | session required pam_env.so
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| 273 |
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| 274 | # include system session defaults
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| 275 | session include system-session
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| 276 |
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| 277 | # End /etc/pam.d/sudo</literal>
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| 278 | EOF
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| 279 | chmod 644 /etc/pam.d/sudo</userinput></screen>
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| 280 |
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| 281 | </sect3>
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| 282 |
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| 283 | </sect2>
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| 284 |
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| 285 | <sect2 role="content">
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| 286 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 287 |
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| 288 | <segmentedlist>
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| 289 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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| 290 | <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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| 291 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 292 |
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| 293 | <seglistitem>
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| 294 | <seg>
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| 295 | cvtsudoers, sudo, sudo_logsrvd, sudo_sendlog,
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| 296 | sudoedit (symlink), sudoreplay, and visudo
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| 297 | </seg>
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| 298 | <seg>
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| 299 | <!-- [pierre, September 25, 2020] except libsudo_util, the other
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| 300 | shared objects in /usr/lib/sudo look more like modules than
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| 301 | libraries. Leaving them now, and updating the list, but I think
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| 302 | they should not be listed. -->
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| 303 | audit_json.so, group_file.so, libsudo_util.so, sample_approval.so,
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| 304 | sudoers.so, sudo_noexec.so, and system_group.so
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| 305 | </seg>
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| 306 | <seg>
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| 307 | /etc/sudoers.d,
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| 308 | /usr/lib/sudo,
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| 309 | /usr/share/doc/sudo-&sudo-version;, and
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| 310 | /var/lib/sudo
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| 311 | </seg>
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| 312 | </seglistitem>
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| 313 | </segmentedlist>
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| 314 |
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| 315 | <variablelist>
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| 316 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 317 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 318 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 319 |
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| 320 | <varlistentry id="cvtsudoers">
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| 321 | <term><command>cvtsudoers</command></term>
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| 322 | <listitem>
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| 323 | <para>
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| 324 | converts between sudoers file formats
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| 325 | </para>
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| 326 | <indexterm zone="sudo cvtsudoers">
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| 327 | <primary sortas="b-cvtsudoers">cvtsudoers</primary>
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| 328 | </indexterm>
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| 329 | </listitem>
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| 330 | </varlistentry>
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| 331 |
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| 332 | <varlistentry id="sudo_prog">
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| 333 | <term><command>sudo</command></term>
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| 334 | <listitem>
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| 335 | <para>
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| 336 | executes a command as another user as permitted by
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| 337 | the <filename>/etc/sudoers</filename> configuration file
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| 338 | </para>
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| 339 | <indexterm zone="sudo sudo">
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| 340 | <primary sortas="b-sudo">sudo</primary>
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| 341 | </indexterm>
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| 342 | </listitem>
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| 343 | </varlistentry>
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| 344 |
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| 345 | <varlistentry id="sudo_logsrvd">
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| 346 | <term><command>sudo_logsrvd</command></term>
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| 347 | <listitem>
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| 348 | <para>
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| 349 | is a sudo event and I/O log server
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| 350 | </para>
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| 351 | <indexterm zone="sudo sudo_logsrvd">
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| 352 | <primary sortas="b-sudo_logsrvd">sudo_logsrvd</primary>
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| 353 | </indexterm>
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| 354 | </listitem>
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| 355 | </varlistentry>
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| 356 |
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| 357 | <varlistentry id="sudo_sendlog">
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| 358 | <term><command>sudo_sendlog</command></term>
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| 359 | <listitem>
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| 360 | <para>
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| 361 | sends sudo I/O logs to the log server
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| 362 | </para>
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| 363 | <indexterm zone="sudo sudo_sendlog">
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| 364 | <primary sortas="b-sudo_sendlog">sudo_sendlog</primary>
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| 365 | </indexterm>
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| 366 | </listitem>
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| 367 | </varlistentry>
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| 368 |
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| 369 | <varlistentry id="sudoedit">
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| 370 | <term><command>sudoedit</command></term>
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| 371 | <listitem>
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| 372 | <para>
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| 373 | is a symlink to <command>sudo</command> that implies the
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| 374 | <option>-e</option> option to invoke an editor as another user
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| 375 | </para>
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| 376 | <indexterm zone="sudo sudoedit">
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| 377 | <primary sortas="b-sudoedit">sudoedit</primary>
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| 378 | </indexterm>
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| 379 | </listitem>
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| 380 | </varlistentry>
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| 381 |
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| 382 | <varlistentry id="sudoreplay">
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| 383 | <term><command>sudoreplay</command></term>
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| 384 | <listitem>
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| 385 | <para>
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| 386 | is used to play back or list the output
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| 387 | logs created by <command>sudo</command>
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| 388 | </para>
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| 389 | <indexterm zone="sudo sudoreplay">
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| 390 | <primary sortas="b-sudoreplay">sudoreplay</primary>
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| 391 | </indexterm>
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| 392 | </listitem>
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| 393 | </varlistentry>
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| 394 |
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| 395 | <varlistentry id="visudo">
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| 396 | <term><command>visudo</command></term>
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| 397 | <listitem>
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| 398 | <para>
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| 399 | allows for safer editing of the <filename>sudoers</filename>
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| 400 | file
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| 401 | </para>
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| 402 | <indexterm zone="sudo visudo">
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| 403 | <primary sortas="b-visudo">visudo</primary>
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| 404 | </indexterm>
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| 405 | </listitem>
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| 406 | </varlistentry>
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| 407 |
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| 408 | </variablelist>
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| 409 |
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| 410 | </sect2>
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| 411 |
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| 412 | </sect1>
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