| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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| 7 | <!ENTITY qemu-download-http "http://wiki.qemu.org/download/qemu-&qemu-version;.tar.bz2">
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| 8 | <!ENTITY qemu-download-ftp " ">
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| 9 | <!ENTITY qemu-md5sum "2fab3ea4460de9b57192e5b8b311f221">
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| 10 | <!ENTITY qemu-size "24 MB">
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| 11 | <!ENTITY qemu-buildsize "291 MB">
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| 12 | <!ENTITY qemu-time "1.4 SBU">
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| 13 | ]>
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| 14 |
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| 15 | <sect1 id="qemu" xreflabel="qemu-&qemu-version;">
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| 16 | <?dbhtml filename="qemu.html"?>
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| 17 |
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| 18 | <sect1info>
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| 19 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 20 | <date>$Date$</date>
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| 21 | </sect1info>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <title>qemu-&qemu-version;</title>
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| 24 |
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| 25 | <indexterm zone="qemu">
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| 26 | <primary sortas="a-qemu">qemu</primary>
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| 27 | </indexterm>
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| 28 |
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| 29 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 30 | <title>Introduction to qemu</title>
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| 31 |
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| 32 | <para><application>qemu</application> is a full virtualization solution
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| 33 | for Linux on x86 hardware containing virtualization extensions (Intel VT or
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| 34 | AMD-V).</para>
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| 35 |
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| 36 | &lfs77_checked;
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| 37 |
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| 38 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 39 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 40 | <listitem>
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| 41 | <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&qemu-download-http;"/></para>
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| 42 | </listitem>
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| 43 | <listitem>
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| 44 | <para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&qemu-download-ftp;"/></para>
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| 45 | </listitem>
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| 46 | <listitem>
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| 47 | <para>Download MD5 sum: &qemu-md5sum;</para>
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| 48 | </listitem>
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| 49 | <listitem>
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| 50 | <para>Download size: &qemu-size;</para>
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| 51 | </listitem>
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| 52 | <listitem>
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| 53 | <para>Estimated disk space required: &qemu-buildsize;</para>
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| 54 | </listitem>
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| 55 | <listitem>
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| 56 | <para>Estimated build time: &qemu-time;</para>
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| 57 | </listitem>
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| 58 | </itemizedlist>
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| 59 |
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| 60 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Qemu Dependencies</bridgehead>
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| 61 |
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| 62 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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| 63 | <para role="required">
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| 64 | <xref linkend="glib2"/>,
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| 65 | <xref linkend="python2"/>, and
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| 66 | <xref linkend="x-window-system"/>
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| 67 | </para>
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| 68 |
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| 69 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
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| 70 | <para role="recommended">
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| 71 | <xref linkend="sdl"/>
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| 72 | </para>
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| 73 |
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| 74 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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| 75 | <para role="optional">
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| 76 | <xref linkend="alsa"/>,
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| 77 | <xref linkend="bluez"/>,
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| 78 | <xref linkend="check"/>,
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| 79 | <xref linkend="curl"/>,
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| 80 | <xref linkend="cyrus-sasl"/>,
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| 81 | <xref linkend="gtk2"/>,
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| 82 | <xref linkend="gtk3"/>,
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| 83 | <xref linkend="libusb"/>,
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| 84 | <xref linkend="lzo"/>,
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| 85 | <xref linkend="nss"/> (for libcacard.so),
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| 86 | <xref linkend="mesalib"/>, and
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| 87 | <xref linkend="vte"/>
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| 88 | </para>
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| 89 |
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| 90 | <note>
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| 91 | <para>
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| 92 | This optional dependencies list is not comprehensive. See the output of
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| 93 | <command>./configure --help</command> for a more complete list.
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| 94 | </para>
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| 95 | </note>
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| 96 |
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| 97 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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| 98 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/qemu"/></para>
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| 99 |
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| 100 | </sect2>
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| 101 |
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| 102 | <sect2 id='qemu-prereq'>
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| 103 | <title>KVM Prerequisites</title>
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| 104 |
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| 105 | <para>Before building <application>qemu</application>, check to see if
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| 106 | your processor supports Virtualization Technology (VT):</para>
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| 107 |
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| 108 | <screen><userinput>egrep '^flags.*(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo</userinput></screen>
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| 109 |
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| 110 | <para>If you get any output, you have VT technology (vmx for Intel
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| 111 | processors and svm for AMD processors). You then need to go into your
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| 112 | system BIOS and ensure it is enabled. After enabing, reboot back to your
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| 113 | LFS instance.</para>
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| 114 |
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| 115 | </sect2>
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| 116 |
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| 117 | <sect2 role="kernel" id='qemu-kernel'>
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| 118 | <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
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| 119 |
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| 120 | <para>Enable the following options in the kernel configuration and
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| 121 | recompile the kernel if necessary:</para>
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| 122 |
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| 123 | <screen><literal>[*] Virtualization: ---> [CONFIG_VIRTUALIZATION]
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| 124 | <*/M> Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) support [CONFIG_KVM]
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| 125 | <*/M> KVM for Intel processors support [CONFIG_KVM_INTEL]
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| 126 | <*/M> KVM for AMD processors support [CONFIG_KVM_AMD]</literal></screen>
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| 127 |
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| 128 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-kernel">
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| 129 | <primary sortas="d-qemu">qemu</primary>
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| 130 | </indexterm>
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| 131 |
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| 132 | <para>The Intel or AMD settings are not both required, but the one matching
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| 133 | your system processor is required.</para>
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| 134 |
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| 135 | <para>For networking, check that <xref linkend='bridgeutils'/> is installed
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| 136 | and the following options in the kernel configuration are enabled:</para>
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| 137 |
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| 138 | <screen><literal>[*] Networking support ---> [CONFIG_NET]
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| 139 | Networking options --->
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| 140 | <*/M> 802.1d Ethernet Bridging [CONFIG_BRIDGE]
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| 141 | Device Drivers --->
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| 142 | [*] Network device support ---> [CONFIG_NETDEVICES]
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| 143 | <*/M> Universal TUN/TAP device driver support [CONFIG_TUN]</literal></screen>
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| 144 |
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| 145 | </sect2>
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| 146 |
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| 147 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 148 | <title>Installation of qemu</title>
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| 149 |
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| 150 | <para>Install <application>qemu</application> by running the following
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| 151 | commands:</para>
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| 152 |
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| 153 | <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
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| 154 | --sysconfdir=/etc \
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| 155 | --docdir=/usr/share/doc/qemu-&qemu-version; \
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| 156 | --target-list=x86_64-softmmu &&
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| 157 | make</userinput></screen>
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| 158 |
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| 159 | <para>To run the built in tests, run <command>make V=1 check</command>.</para>
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| 160 |
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| 161 | <para>Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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| 162 |
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| 163 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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| 164 | [ -e /usr/lib/libcacard.so ] && chmod -v 755 /usr/lib/libcacard.so</userinput></screen>
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| 165 |
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| 166 | <para>
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| 167 | You will need a dedicated group that will contain users (other than root)
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| 168 | allowed to access the KVM device. Create this group by running the following
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| 169 | command as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 170 | </para>
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| 171 |
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| 172 | <screen role="root"><userinput>groupadd -g 61 kvm</userinput></screen>
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| 173 |
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| 174 | <para>
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| 175 | Add any users that might use the KVM device to that group:
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| 176 | </para>
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| 177 |
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| 178 | <screen role="root"><userinput>usermod -a -G kvm <replaceable><username></replaceable></userinput></screen>
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| 179 |
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| 180 | <para>
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| 181 | You will also need to add a Udev rule so that the KVM device gets correct
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| 182 | permissions:
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| 183 | </para>
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| 184 |
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| 185 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /lib/udev/rules.d/65-kvm.rules << "EOF"
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| 186 | <literal>KERNEL=="kvm", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0660"</literal>
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| 187 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 188 |
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| 189 | <note><!--<para>The main program <command>qemu-system-x86_64</command> doesn't
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| 190 | make a distinction between i386 and x86_64 so even on an i386 system you
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| 191 | should use <emphasis>qemu-system-x86_64</emphasis></para>
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| 192 | -->
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| 193 |
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| 194 | <para>For convenience you may want to create a symbolic link to run
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| 195 | <command>qemu-system-x86_64</command>:</para>
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| 196 |
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| 197 | <screen role="root"><userinput>ln -sv qemu-system-x86_64 /usr/bin/qemu</userinput></screen>
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| 198 | </note>
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| 199 |
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| 200 | </sect2>
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| 201 |
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| 202 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 203 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 204 |
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| 205 | <para><parameter>--target-list=x86_64-softmmu</parameter>: This switch
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| 206 | limits the build target to the x86_64 architecture. For other
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| 207 | hardware emulation see the --target-list list in <command>configure</command>'s
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| 208 | help output. Omitting this option will build all architectures.</para>
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| 209 |
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| 210 | <para>
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| 211 | <option>--audio-drv-list=alsa</option>: This switch sets the audio driver
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| 212 | to ALSA. For other drivers see the --audio-drv-list list in
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| 213 | <command>configure</command>'s help output. The default audio driver is
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| 214 | OSS.
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| 215 | </para>
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| 216 |
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| 217 | </sect2>
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| 218 |
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| 219 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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| 220 | <title>Configuring qemu</title>
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| 221 |
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| 222 | <para>To generate an image, run:</para>
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| 223 |
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| 224 | <screen><userinput>qemu-img create -f qcow2 vdisk.img 10G</userinput></screen>
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| 225 |
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| 226 | <para>Adjust the virtual disk size and image filename as desired. The
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| 227 | actual size of the file will be less than specified, but will expand as it
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| 228 | is used.</para>
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| 229 |
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| 230 | <note><para>The following instructions assume you have created the optional
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| 231 | symbolic link, <userinput>qemu</userinput>. Additionally, you must run
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| 232 | <userinput>qemu</userinput> from an X Window System based terminal.</para></note>
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| 233 |
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| 234 | <para>To install an operating system, download an iso of your choice or use
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| 235 | a pre-installed cdrom device. For the purposes of this example, use
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| 236 | Fedora 16 that is downloaded as
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| 237 | <filename>Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-LXDE.iso</filename> in the current
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| 238 | directory. Run the following:</para>
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| 239 |
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| 240 | <screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm -hda vdisk.img \
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| 241 | -cdrom Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-LXDE.iso \
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| 242 | -boot d \
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| 243 | -m 384</userinput></screen>
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| 244 |
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| 245 | <para>Follow the normal installation procedures for the chosen
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| 246 | distribution. The -boot option specifies the boot order of drives as a
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| 247 | string of drive letters. Valid drive letters are: a, b (floppy 1 and 2), c
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| 248 | (first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM). The -m option is the amount of memory
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| 249 | to use for the virtual machine. If you have sufficient memory (2G or
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| 250 | more), 1G is a reasonable value. For computers with 512MB of RAM it's safe
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| 251 | to use -m 192, or even -m 128 (the default). The -enable-kvm option allows
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| 252 | for hardware acceleeration. Without this switch, the emulation is
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| 253 | relatively slow.</para>
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| 254 |
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| 255 | <para>To run the newly installed operating system, run:</para>
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| 256 |
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| 257 | <screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm vdisk.img -m 384</userinput></screen>
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| 258 |
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| 259 | <para>To add networking to the instance add "-net nic -net user" to the
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| 260 | command above. qemu provides a DHCP server for the VM and, depending on
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| 261 | the client system, sets up networking though the host.</para>
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| 262 |
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| 263 | <para>One problem with the above networking solution is that it does not
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| 264 | provide the ability to connect with the local network. To do that, there are
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| 265 | several additional steps that need to be done, all as the <systemitem
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| 266 | class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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| 267 |
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| 268 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 269 | <listitem>
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| 270 | <para>Set up bridging using <xref linkend="network-bridge"/>.</para>
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| 271 | </listitem>
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| 272 |
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| 273 | <listitem>
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| 274 | <para>Allow the host system to forward IP packets.</para>
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| 275 |
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| 276 | <screen role="root"><userinput>sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1</userinput></screen>
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| 277 |
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| 278 | <para>To make this permanent, add the command to
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| 279 | <filename>/etc/sysctl.d/60-net-forward.conf:</filename></para>
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| 280 |
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| 281 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-net-forward.conf << "EOF"
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| 282 | net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
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| 283 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 284 |
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| 285 | </listitem>
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| 286 |
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| 287 | <listitem>
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| 288 | <para>Allow the network connection when running as a part of the
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| 289 | kvm group:</para>
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| 290 |
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| 291 | <screen role="root"><userinput>chgrp kvm /usr/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper &&
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| 292 | chmod 4750 /usr/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper</userinput></screen>
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| 293 |
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| 294 | </listitem>
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| 295 |
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| 296 | <listitem>
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| 297 | <para>Set up a required configuration file:</para>
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| 298 |
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| 299 | <screen role="root"><userinput>echo 'allow br0' > /etc/qemu/bridge.conf</userinput></screen>
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| 300 |
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| 301 | </listitem>
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| 302 |
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| 303 | <!--
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| 304 | <listitem>
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| 305 | <para>Create scripts for qemu to attach the client network
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| 306 | device, usually visible as tap0, to the host bridge.</para>
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| 307 |
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| 308 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/qemu-ifup << "EOF"
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| 309 | #!/bin/bash
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| 310 |
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| 311 | switch=br0
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| 312 |
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| 313 | if [ -n "$1" ]; then
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| 314 | # Add new tap0 interface to bridge
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| 315 | /usr/sbin/brctl addif $switch $1
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| 316 | else
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| 317 | echo "Error: no interface specified"
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| 318 | exit 1
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| 319 | fi
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| 320 |
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| 321 | exit 0
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| 322 | EOF
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| 323 |
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| 324 | chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifup</userinput></screen>
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| 325 |
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| 326 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/qemu-ifdown << "EOF"
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| 327 | #!/bin/bash
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| 328 |
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| 329 | switch=br0
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| 330 |
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| 331 | if [ -n "$1" ]; then
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| 332 | # Remove tap0 interface from bridge
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| 333 | /usr/sbin/brctl delif $switch $1
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| 334 | else
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| 335 | echo "Error: no interface specified"
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| 336 | exit 1
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| 337 | fi
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| 338 |
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| 339 | exit 0
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| 340 | EOF
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| 341 |
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| 342 | chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifdown</userinput></screen>
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| 343 |
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| 344 | </listitem>
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| 345 | </itemizedlist>
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| 346 |
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| 347 | <note><para>The backslashes in the above script are for convenience
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| 348 | for cut/paste operations. The backslashes should <emphasis>not</emphasis>
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| 349 | appear in the final scripts.</para></note>
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| 350 |
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| 351 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> -->
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| 352 | <listitem>
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| 353 | <!--<para>Start qemu with "-net nic -net tap" options. </para>-->
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| 354 | <para>Start qemu with "-net nic -net bridge" options. </para>
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| 355 | </listitem>
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| 356 |
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| 357 | <listitem>
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| 358 | <para>If a connection, such as ssh, from the local network to the
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| 359 | client VM is desired, the client should be configured
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| 360 | with a static IP address.</para>
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| 361 | </listitem>
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| 362 |
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| 363 | </itemizedlist>
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| 364 |
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| 365 | </sect2>
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| 366 |
|
|---|
| 367 | <sect2 role="content">
|
|---|
| 368 | <title>Contents</title>
|
|---|
| 369 |
|
|---|
| 370 | <segmentedlist>
|
|---|
| 371 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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|---|
| 372 | <segtitle>Installed Library</segtitle>
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|---|
| 373 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 374 |
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| 375 | <seglistitem>
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| 376 | <seg>
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| 377 | qemu-ga,
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| 378 | qemu-img,
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| 379 | qemu-io,
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| 380 | qemu-nbd,
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| 381 | qemu-system-x86_64,
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|---|
| 382 | virtfs-proxy-helper, and
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|---|
| 383 | vscclient
|
|---|
| 384 | </seg>
|
|---|
| 385 | <seg>libcacard.so</seg>
|
|---|
| 386 | <seg>
|
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| 387 | /etc/qemu,
|
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| 388 | /usr/include/cacard,
|
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| 389 | /usr/lib/qemu,
|
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| 390 | /usr/share/qemu, and
|
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| 391 | /usr/share/doc/qemu-&qemu-version;
|
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| 392 | </seg>
|
|---|
| 393 | </seglistitem>
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| 394 | </segmentedlist>
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| 395 |
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| 396 | <variablelist>
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| 397 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Description</bridgehead>
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| 398 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 399 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 400 |
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| 401 | <varlistentry id="qemu-ga">
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| 402 | <term><command>qemu-ga</command></term>
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| 403 | <listitem>
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| 404 | <para>implements support for QMP (QEMU Monitor Protocol) commands and
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| 405 | events that terminate and originate respectively within the guest
|
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| 406 | using an agent built as part of QEMU.</para>
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| 407 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-ga">
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| 408 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-ga">qemu-ga</primary>
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| 409 | </indexterm>
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| 410 | </listitem>
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|---|
| 411 | </varlistentry>
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| 412 |
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| 413 | <varlistentry id="qemu-img">
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| 414 | <term><command>qemu-img</command></term>
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| 415 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 416 | <para>provides commands to manage QEMU disk images.</para>
|
|---|
| 417 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-img">
|
|---|
| 418 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-img">qemu-img</primary>
|
|---|
| 419 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 420 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 421 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 422 |
|
|---|
| 423 | <varlistentry id="qemu-io">
|
|---|
| 424 | <term><command>qemu-io</command></term>
|
|---|
| 425 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 426 | <para>is a diagnostic and manipulation program for (virtual) memory
|
|---|
| 427 | media. It is still at an early stage of development.</para>
|
|---|
| 428 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-io">
|
|---|
| 429 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-io">qemu-io</primary>
|
|---|
| 430 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 431 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 432 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 433 |
|
|---|
| 434 | <varlistentry id="qemu-nbd">
|
|---|
| 435 | <term><command>qemu-nbd</command></term>
|
|---|
| 436 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 437 | <para>exports Qemu disk images using the QEMU Disk Network Block
|
|---|
| 438 | Device (NBD) protocol.</para>
|
|---|
| 439 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-nbd">
|
|---|
| 440 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-nbd">qemu-nbd</primary>
|
|---|
| 441 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 442 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 443 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 444 |
|
|---|
| 445 | <varlistentry id="qemu-system">
|
|---|
| 446 | <term><command>qemu-system-x86_64</command></term>
|
|---|
| 447 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 448 | <para>is the QEMU PC System emulator.</para>
|
|---|
| 449 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-system">
|
|---|
| 450 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-system">qemu-system-x86_64</primary>
|
|---|
| 451 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 452 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 453 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 454 |
|
|---|
| 455 | <varlistentry id="virtfs-proxy-helper">
|
|---|
| 456 | <term><command>virtfs-proxy-helper</command></term>
|
|---|
| 457 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 458 | <para>creates a socket pair or a named socket. QEMU and proxy helper
|
|---|
| 459 | communicate using this socket. QEMU proxy fs driver sends
|
|---|
| 460 | filesystem request to proxy helper and receives the response
|
|---|
| 461 | from it.</para>
|
|---|
| 462 | <indexterm zone="qemu virtfs-proxy-helper">
|
|---|
| 463 | <primary sortas="b-virtfs-proxy-helper">virtfs-proxy-helper</primary>
|
|---|
| 464 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 465 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 466 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 467 |
|
|---|
| 468 | <varlistentry id="vscclient">
|
|---|
| 469 | <term><command>vscclient</command></term>
|
|---|
| 470 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 471 | <para>implements a sockets interface to the virtual CCID reader
|
|---|
| 472 | on the guest.</para>
|
|---|
| 473 | <indexterm zone="qemu vscclient">
|
|---|
| 474 | <primary sortas="b-vscclient">vscclient</primary>
|
|---|
| 475 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 476 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 477 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 478 |
|
|---|
| 479 | <varlistentry id="libcacard">
|
|---|
| 480 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcacard.so</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 481 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 482 | <para>is the Virtual Smart Card Emulator library.</para>
|
|---|
| 483 | <indexterm zone="qemu libcacard">
|
|---|
| 484 | <primary sortas="c-libcacard">libcacard.so</primary>
|
|---|
| 485 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 486 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 487 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 488 |
|
|---|
| 489 | </variablelist>
|
|---|
| 490 |
|
|---|
| 491 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 492 |
|
|---|
| 493 | </sect1>
|
|---|
