[d28198d3] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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[2f6053d] | 7 | <!ENTITY qemu-download-http "http://wiki.qemu.org/download/qemu-&qemu-version;.tar.bz2">
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| 8 | <!ENTITY qemu-download-ftp " ">
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[9da0e9c] | 9 | <!ENTITY qemu-md5sum "0ff197c4ed4b695620bc4734e77c888f">
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| 10 | <!ENTITY qemu-size "22 MB">
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| 11 | <!ENTITY qemu-buildsize "286 MB">
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| 12 | <!ENTITY qemu-time "1.6 SBU">
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[d28198d3] | 13 | ]>
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| 14 |
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[2f6053d] | 15 | <sect1 id="qemu" xreflabel="qemu-&qemu-version;">
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| 16 | <?dbhtml filename="qemu.html"?>
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[d28198d3] | 17 |
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| 18 | <sect1info>
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[c4a1934a] | 19 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 20 | <date>$Date$</date>
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[d28198d3] | 21 | </sect1info>
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| 22 |
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[2f6053d] | 23 | <title>qemu-&qemu-version;</title>
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[d28198d3] | 24 |
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[2f6053d] | 25 | <indexterm zone="qemu">
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| 26 | <primary sortas="a-qemu">qemu</primary>
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[d28198d3] | 27 | </indexterm>
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| 28 |
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| 29 | <sect2 role="package">
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[2f6053d] | 30 | <title>Introduction to qemu</title>
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[d28198d3] | 31 |
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[2f6053d] | 32 | <para><application>qemu</application> is a full virtualization solution
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[d28198d3] | 33 | for Linux on x86 hardware containing virtualization extensions (Intel VT or
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| 34 | AMD-V).</para>
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| 35 |
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[bb49ea0] | 36 | &lfs76_checked;
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[27643d0f] | 37 |
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[d28198d3] | 38 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 39 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 40 | <listitem>
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[2f6053d] | 41 | <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&qemu-download-http;"/></para>
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[d28198d3] | 42 | </listitem>
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| 43 | <listitem>
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[2f6053d] | 44 | <para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&qemu-download-ftp;"/></para>
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[d28198d3] | 45 | </listitem>
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| 46 | <listitem>
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[2f6053d] | 47 | <para>Download MD5 sum: &qemu-md5sum;</para>
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[d28198d3] | 48 | </listitem>
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| 49 | <listitem>
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[2f6053d] | 50 | <para>Download size: &qemu-size;</para>
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[d28198d3] | 51 | </listitem>
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| 52 | <listitem>
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[2f6053d] | 53 | <para>Estimated disk space required: &qemu-buildsize;</para>
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[d28198d3] | 54 | </listitem>
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| 55 | <listitem>
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[2f6053d] | 56 | <para>Estimated build time: &qemu-time;</para>
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[d28198d3] | 57 | </listitem>
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| 58 | </itemizedlist>
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[54f740f] | 59 |
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[2f6053d] | 60 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Qemu Dependencies</bridgehead>
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[d28198d3] | 61 |
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| 62 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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| 63 | <para role="required">
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[aa4778c4] | 64 | <xref linkend="glib2"/>,
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[c41b38f] | 65 | <xref linkend="python2"/>, and
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[d28198d3] | 66 | <xref linkend="x-window-system"/>
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| 67 | </para>
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| 68 |
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[c41b38f] | 69 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
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| 70 | <para role="recommended">
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| 71 | <xref linkend="sdl"/>
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| 72 | </para>
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| 73 |
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[d28198d3] | 74 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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| 75 | <para role="optional">
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| 76 | <xref linkend="alsa"/>,
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| 77 | <xref linkend="check"/>,
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| 78 | <xref linkend="curl"/>,
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| 79 | <xref linkend="mesalib"/>, and
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[9b13441] | 80 | <xref linkend="cyrus-sasl"/>
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[d28198d3] | 81 | </para>
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| 82 |
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[9b13441] | 83 | <note>
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| 84 | <para>
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| 85 | This optional dependencies list is not comprehensive. See the output of
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| 86 | <command>./configure --help</command> for a more complete list.
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| 87 | </para>
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| 88 | </note>
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| 89 |
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[d28198d3] | 90 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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[2f6053d] | 91 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/qemu"/></para>
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[d28198d3] | 92 |
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| 93 | </sect2>
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| 94 |
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[2f6053d] | 95 | <sect2 id='qemu-prereq'>
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[1eb4fcf] | 96 | <title>KVM Prerequisites</title>
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[d28198d3] | 97 |
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[2f6053d] | 98 | <para>Before building <application>qemu</application>, check to see if
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[d28198d3] | 99 | your processor supports Virtualization Technology (VT):</para>
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| 100 |
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| 101 | <screen><userinput>egrep '^flags.*(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo</userinput></screen>
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| 102 |
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| 103 | <para>If you get any output, you have VT technology (vmx for Intel
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| 104 | processors and svm for AMD processors). You then need to go into your
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| 105 | system BIOS and ensure it is enabled. After enabing, reboot back to your
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| 106 | LFS instance.</para>
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| 107 |
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| 108 | </sect2>
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| 109 |
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[2f6053d] | 110 | <sect2 role="kernel" id='qemu-kernel'>
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[d28198d3] | 111 | <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
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| 112 |
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| 113 | <para>Enable the following options in the kernel configuration
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| 114 | and recompile the kernel if necessary:</para>
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| 115 |
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[9b13441] | 116 | <screen><literal>Virtualization: --->
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| 117 | Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) support: Y or M
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| 118 | KVM for Intel processors support: Y or M
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| 119 | KVM for AMD processors support: Y or M</literal></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 120 |
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[2f6053d] | 121 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-kernel">
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| 122 | <primary sortas="d-qemu">qemu</primary>
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[d28198d3] | 123 | </indexterm>
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| 124 |
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| 125 | <para>The Intel or AMD settings are not both required, but the one matching
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| 126 | your system processor is required.</para>
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| 127 |
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[9b13441] | 128 | <para>For networking, check that <xref linkend='bridgeutils'/> is installed
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| 129 | and the following options in the kernel configuration are enabled:</para>
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| 130 |
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| 131 | <screen><literal>Networking support --->
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| 132 | Networking options --->
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| 133 | 802.1d Ethernet Bridging: Y or M
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| 134 | Device Drivers --->
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| 135 | Network device support --->
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| 136 | Universal TUN/TAP device driver support: Y or M</literal></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 137 |
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| 138 | </sect2>
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| 139 |
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| 140 | <sect2 role="installation">
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[2f6053d] | 141 | <title>Installation of qemu</title>
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[0d7900a] | 142 |
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[2f6053d] | 143 | <para>Install <application>qemu</application> by running the following
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[d28198d3] | 144 | commands:</para>
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| 145 |
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[9da0e9c] | 146 | <screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
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[9b13441] | 147 | --sysconfdir=/etc \
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| 148 | --docdir=/usr/share/doc/qemu-&qemu-version; \
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[2f6053d] | 149 | --target-list=x86_64-softmmu &&
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[9b13441] | 150 | make</userinput></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 151 |
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[2f6053d] | 152 | <para>To run the built in tests, run <command>make V=1 check</command>.</para>
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[d28198d3] | 153 |
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| 154 | <para>Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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| 155 |
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[9b13441] | 156 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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[9da47337] | 157 | [ -e /usr/lib/libcacard.so ] && chmod -v 755 /usr/lib/libcacard.so</userinput></screen>
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[9a04a8e9] | 158 |
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| 159 | <para>
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| 160 | You will need a dedicated group that will contain users (other than root)
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| 161 | allowed to access the KVM device. Add the group by running the following
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| 162 | command as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 163 | </para>
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| 164 |
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| 165 | <screen role="root"><userinput>groupadd -g 61 kvm</userinput></screen>
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| 166 |
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| 167 | <para>
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| 168 | Add any users that might use the KVM device to that group:
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| 169 | </para>
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| 170 |
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| 171 | <screen role="root"><userinput>usermod -a -G kvm <replaceable><username></replaceable></userinput></screen>
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| 172 |
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| 173 | <para>
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[6463c3c] | 174 | You will also need to add a Udev rule so that the KVM device gets correct
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[9a04a8e9] | 175 | permissions:
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| 176 | </para>
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| 177 |
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| 178 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /lib/udev/rules.d/65-kvm.rules << "EOF"
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[009eb04] | 179 | <literal>KERNEL=="kvm", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0660"</literal>
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[9a04a8e9] | 180 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 181 |
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[2f6053d] | 182 | <note><!--<para>The main program <command>qemu-system-x86_64</command> doesn't
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[d28198d3] | 183 | make a distinction between i386 and x86_64 so even on an i386 system you
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| 184 | should use <emphasis>qemu-system-x86_64</emphasis></para>
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[2f6053d] | 185 | -->
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[0d7900a] | 186 |
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[d28198d3] | 187 | <para>For convenience you may want to create a symbolic link to run
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| 188 | <command>qemu-system-x86_64</command>:</para>
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| 189 |
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[c612fc3] | 190 | <screen role="root"><userinput>ln -sv qemu-system-x86_64 /usr/bin/qemu</userinput></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 191 | </note>
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| 192 |
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| 193 | </sect2>
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| 194 |
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[6a54383] | 195 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 196 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 197 |
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[9b13441] | 198 | <para><parameter>--target-list=x86_64-softmmu</parameter>: This switch
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[2f6053d] | 199 | limits the build target to the x86_64 architecture. For other
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| 200 | hardware emulation see the --target-list list in <command>configure</command>'s
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| 201 | help output. Omitting this option will build all architectures.</para>
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[6a54383] | 202 |
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[9b13441] | 203 | <para>
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| 204 | <option>--audio-drv-list=alsa</option>: This switch sets the audio driver
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| 205 | to ALSA. For other drivers see the --audio-drv-list list in
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| 206 | <command>configure</command>'s help output. The default audio driver is
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| 207 | OSS.
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| 208 | </para>
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[6a54383] | 209 |
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[9b13441] | 210 | </sect2>
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[6a54383] | 211 |
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[d28198d3] | 212 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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[2f6053d] | 213 | <title>Configuring qemu</title>
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[d28198d3] | 214 |
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| 215 | <para>To generate an image, run:</para>
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| 216 |
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| 217 | <screen><userinput>qemu-img create -f qcow2 vdisk.img 10G</userinput></screen>
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| 218 |
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| 219 | <para>Adjust the virtual disk size and image filename as desired. The
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| 220 | actual size of the file will be less than specified, but will expand as it
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| 221 | is used.</para>
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| 222 |
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| 223 | <note><para>The following instructions assume you have created the optional
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| 224 | symbolic link, <userinput>qemu</userinput>. Additionally, you must run
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[ef5a37b] | 225 | <userinput>qemu</userinput> from an X Window System based terminal.</para></note>
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[d28198d3] | 226 |
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| 227 | <para>To install an operating system, download an iso of your choice or use
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[1659792] | 228 | a pre-installed cdrom device. For the purposes of this example, use
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[d28198d3] | 229 | Fedora 16 that is downloaded as
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| 230 | <filename>Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-LXDE.iso</filename> in the current
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| 231 | directory. Run the following:</para>
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| 232 |
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[2f6053d] | 233 | <screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm -hda vdisk.img \
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[0d7900a] | 234 | -cdrom Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-LXDE.iso \
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[d28198d3] | 235 | -boot d \
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| 236 | -m 384</userinput></screen>
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| 237 |
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| 238 | <para>Follow the normal installation procedures for the chosen
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[2f6053d] | 239 | distribution. The -boot option specifies the boot order of drives as a
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| 240 | string of drive letters. Valid drive letters are: a, b (floppy 1 and 2), c
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| 241 | (first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM). The -m option is the amount of memory
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| 242 | to use for the virtual machine. If you have sufficient memory (2G or
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| 243 | more), 1G is a reasonable value. For computers with 512MB of RAM it's safe
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| 244 | to use -m 192, or even -m 128 (the default). The -enable-kvm option allows
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| 245 | for hardware acceleeration. Without this switch, the emulation is
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| 246 | relatively slow.</para>
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[d28198d3] | 247 |
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| 248 | <para>To run the newly installed operating system, run:</para>
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| 249 |
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[2f6053d] | 250 | <screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm vdisk.img -m 384</userinput></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 251 |
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| 252 | <para>To add networking to the instance add "-net nic -net user" to the
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| 253 | command above. qemu provides a DHCP server for the VM and, depending on
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| 254 | the client system, sets up networking though the host.</para>
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| 255 |
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| 256 | <para>One problem with the above networking solution is that it does not
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[0d7900a] | 257 | provide the ability to connect with the local network. To do that, there are
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[d28198d3] | 258 | several additional steps that need to be done, all as the <systemitem
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| 259 | class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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| 260 |
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| 261 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 262 | <listitem>
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| 263 | <para>Set up bridging with <xref linkend='bridgeutils'/>.</para>
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| 264 | </listitem>
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| 265 |
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| 266 | <listitem>
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| 267 | <para>Allow the host system to forward IP packets.</para>
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| 268 |
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[58196bbf] | 269 | <screen role="root"><userinput>sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1</userinput></screen>
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[0d7900a] | 270 |
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| 271 | <para>To make this permanent, add the command to
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[d28198d3] | 272 | <filename>/etc/syssysctl.conf:</filename></para>
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| 273 |
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[58196bbf] | 274 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
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[0d7900a] | 275 | net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
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[d28198d3] | 276 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 277 |
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| 278 | </listitem>
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| 279 |
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| 280 | <listitem>
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[0d7900a] | 281 | <para>Create scripts for qemu to attach the client network
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[d28198d3] | 282 | device, usually visible as tap0, to the host bridge.</para>
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| 283 |
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[58196bbf] | 284 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/qemu-ifup << EOF
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[d28198d3] | 285 | #!/bin/bash
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| 286 |
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| 287 | switch=br0
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| 288 |
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[71e6ae5] | 289 | if [ -n "\$1" ]; then
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[d28198d3] | 290 | # Add new tap0 interface to bridge
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[71e6ae5] | 291 | /sbin/ip link set \$1 up
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[d28198d3] | 292 | sleep 0.5s
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[71e6ae5] | 293 | /usr/sbin/brctl addif \$switch \$1
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[d28198d3] | 294 | else
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| 295 | echo "Error: no interface specified"
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| 296 | exit 1
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| 297 | fi
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| 298 |
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[0d7900a] | 299 | exit 0
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[71e6ae5] | 300 | EOF
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| 301 |
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| 302 | chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifup</userinput></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 303 |
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[58196bbf] | 304 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/qemu-ifdown << EOF
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[d28198d3] | 305 | #!/bin/bash
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| 306 |
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| 307 | switch=br0
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| 308 |
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[71e6ae5] | 309 | if [ -n "\$1" ]; then
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[d28198d3] | 310 | # Remove tap0 interface from bridge
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[71e6ae5] | 311 | /usr/sbin/brctl delif \$switch \$1
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[d28198d3] | 312 | else
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| 313 | echo "Error: no interface specified"
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| 314 | exit 1
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| 315 | fi
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| 316 |
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[0d7900a] | 317 | exit 0
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[71e6ae5] | 318 | EOF
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| 319 |
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| 320 | chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifdown</userinput></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 321 |
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| 322 | </listitem>
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[71e6ae5] | 323 | </itemizedlist>
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| 324 |
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[e88d7000] | 325 | <note><para>The backslashes in the above script are for convenience
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[71e6ae5] | 326 | for cut/paste operations. The backslashes should <emphasis>not</emphasis>
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| 327 | appear in the final scripts.</para></note>
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[d28198d3] | 328 |
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[71e6ae5] | 329 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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[d28198d3] | 330 | <listitem>
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| 331 | <para>Start qemu with "-net nic -net tap" options. </para>
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| 332 | </listitem>
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| 333 |
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| 334 | <listitem>
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[0d7900a] | 335 | <para>If a connection, such as ssh, from the local network to the
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[d28198d3] | 336 | client VM is desired, the client should probably be configured
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| 337 | with a static IP address.</para>
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| 338 | </listitem>
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| 339 |
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| 340 | </itemizedlist>
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| 341 |
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| 342 | </sect2>
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| 343 |
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| 344 | <sect2 role="content">
|
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| 345 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 346 |
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| 347 | <segmentedlist>
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[9b13441] | 348 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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| 349 | <segtitle>Installed Library</segtitle>
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[d28198d3] | 350 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 351 |
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| 352 | <seglistitem>
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[9b13441] | 353 | <seg>
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| 354 | qemu-ga,
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| 355 | qemu-img,
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| 356 | qemu-io,
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| 357 | qemu-nbd,
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| 358 | qemu-system-x86_64,
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| 359 | virtfs-proxy-helper, and
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| 360 | vscclient
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| 361 | </seg>
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| 362 | <seg>libcacard.so</seg>
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| 363 | <seg>
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| 364 | /etc/qemu,
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| 365 | /usr/include/cacard,
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| 366 | /usr/lib/qemu,
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| 367 | /usr/share/qemu, and
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| 368 | /usr/share/doc/qemu-&qemu-version;
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| 369 | </seg>
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[d28198d3] | 370 | </seglistitem>
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| 371 | </segmentedlist>
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| 372 |
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| 373 | <variablelist>
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| 374 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Description</bridgehead>
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| 375 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 376 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 377 |
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| 378 | <varlistentry id="qemu-ga">
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| 379 | <term><command>qemu-ga</command></term>
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| 380 | <listitem>
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| 381 | <para>implements support for QMP (QEMU Monitor Protocol) commands and
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| 382 | events that terminate and originate respectively within the guest
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| 383 | using an agent built as part of QEMU.</para>
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[2f6053d] | 384 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-ga">
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[d28198d3] | 385 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-ga">qemu-ga</primary>
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| 386 | </indexterm>
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| 387 | </listitem>
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| 388 | </varlistentry>
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| 389 |
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| 390 | <varlistentry id="qemu-img">
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| 391 | <term><command>qemu-img</command></term>
|
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| 392 | <listitem>
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| 393 | <para>provides commands to manage QEMU disk images.</para>
|
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[2f6053d] | 394 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-img">
|
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[d28198d3] | 395 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-img">qemu-img</primary>
|
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| 396 | </indexterm>
|
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| 397 | </listitem>
|
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| 398 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 399 |
|
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| 400 | <varlistentry id="qemu-io">
|
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| 401 | <term><command>qemu-io</command></term>
|
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| 402 | <listitem>
|
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| 403 | <para>is a diagnostic and manipulation program for (virtual) memory
|
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| 404 | media. It is still at an early stage of development.</para>
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[2f6053d] | 405 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-io">
|
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[d28198d3] | 406 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-io">qemu-io</primary>
|
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| 407 | </indexterm>
|
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| 408 | </listitem>
|
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| 409 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 410 |
|
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| 411 | <varlistentry id="qemu-nbd">
|
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| 412 | <term><command>qemu-nbd</command></term>
|
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| 413 | <listitem>
|
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| 414 | <para>exports Qemu disk images using the QEMU Disk Network Block
|
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| 415 | Device (NBD) protocol.</para>
|
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[2f6053d] | 416 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-nbd">
|
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[d28198d3] | 417 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-nbd">qemu-nbd</primary>
|
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| 418 | </indexterm>
|
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| 419 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 420 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 421 |
|
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| 422 | <varlistentry id="qemu-system">
|
---|
| 423 | <term><command>qemu-system-x86_64</command></term>
|
---|
| 424 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 425 | <para>is the QEMU PC System emulator.</para>
|
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[2f6053d] | 426 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-system">
|
---|
[d28198d3] | 427 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-system">qemu-system-x86_64</primary>
|
---|
| 428 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 429 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 430 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 431 |
|
---|
[9b13441] | 432 | <varlistentry id="libcacard">
|
---|
| 433 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcacard.so</filename></term>
|
---|
| 434 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 435 | <para>is the Virtual Smart Card Emulator library.</para>
|
---|
| 436 | <indexterm zone="qemu libcacard">
|
---|
| 437 | <primary sortas="c-libcacard">libcacard.so</primary>
|
---|
| 438 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 439 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 440 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 441 |
|
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[d28198d3] | 442 | </variablelist>
|
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| 443 |
|
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| 444 | </sect2>
|
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| 445 |
|
---|
| 446 | </sect1>
|
---|