[d28198d3] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 |
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[2f6053d] | 7 | <!ENTITY qemu-download-http "http://wiki.qemu.org/download/qemu-&qemu-version;.tar.bz2">
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| 8 | <!ENTITY qemu-download-ftp " ">
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[bfddba4c] | 9 | <!ENTITY qemu-md5sum "2790f44fd76da5de5024b4aafeb594c2">
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| 10 | <!ENTITY qemu-size "12.3 MB">
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| 11 | <!ENTITY qemu-buildsize "205 MB">
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| 12 | <!ENTITY qemu-time "1.8 SBU">
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[d28198d3] | 13 | ]>
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| 14 |
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[2f6053d] | 15 | <sect1 id="qemu" xreflabel="qemu-&qemu-version;">
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| 16 | <?dbhtml filename="qemu.html"?>
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[d28198d3] | 17 |
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| 18 | <sect1info>
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[c4a1934a] | 19 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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| 20 | <date>$Date$</date>
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[d28198d3] | 21 | </sect1info>
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| 22 |
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[2f6053d] | 23 | <title>qemu-&qemu-version;</title>
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[d28198d3] | 24 |
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[2f6053d] | 25 | <indexterm zone="qemu">
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| 26 | <primary sortas="a-qemu">qemu</primary>
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[d28198d3] | 27 | </indexterm>
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| 28 |
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| 29 | <sect2 role="package">
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[2f6053d] | 30 | <title>Introduction to qemu</title>
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[d28198d3] | 31 |
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[2f6053d] | 32 | <para><application>qemu</application> is a full virtualization solution
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[d28198d3] | 33 | for Linux on x86 hardware containing virtualization extensions (Intel VT or
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| 34 | AMD-V).</para>
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| 35 |
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[cf67717] | 36 | &lfs75_checked;
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[27643d0f] | 37 |
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[d28198d3] | 38 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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| 39 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 40 | <listitem>
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[2f6053d] | 41 | <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&qemu-download-http;"/></para>
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[d28198d3] | 42 | </listitem>
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| 43 | <listitem>
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[2f6053d] | 44 | <para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&qemu-download-ftp;"/></para>
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[d28198d3] | 45 | </listitem>
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| 46 | <listitem>
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[2f6053d] | 47 | <para>Download MD5 sum: &qemu-md5sum;</para>
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[d28198d3] | 48 | </listitem>
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| 49 | <listitem>
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[2f6053d] | 50 | <para>Download size: &qemu-size;</para>
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[d28198d3] | 51 | </listitem>
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| 52 | <listitem>
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[2f6053d] | 53 | <para>Estimated disk space required: &qemu-buildsize;</para>
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[d28198d3] | 54 | </listitem>
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| 55 | <listitem>
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[2f6053d] | 56 | <para>Estimated build time: &qemu-time;</para>
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[d28198d3] | 57 | </listitem>
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| 58 | </itemizedlist>
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[54f740f] | 59 |
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[2f6053d] | 60 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Qemu Dependencies</bridgehead>
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[d28198d3] | 61 |
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| 62 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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| 63 | <para role="required">
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[aa4778c4] | 64 | <xref linkend="glib2"/>,
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[4716d52] | 65 | <xref linkend="python2"/>,
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[d28198d3] | 66 | <xref linkend="sdl"/>, and
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| 67 | <xref linkend="x-window-system"/>
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| 68 | </para>
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| 69 |
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| 70 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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| 71 | <para role="optional">
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| 72 | <xref linkend="alsa"/>,
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| 73 | <xref linkend="check"/>,
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| 74 | <xref linkend="curl"/>,
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| 75 | <xref linkend="mesalib"/>, and
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[9b13441] | 76 | <xref linkend="cyrus-sasl"/>
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[d28198d3] | 77 | </para>
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| 78 |
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[9b13441] | 79 | <note>
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| 80 | <para>
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| 81 | This optional dependencies list is not comprehensive. See the output of
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| 82 | <command>./configure --help</command> for a more complete list.
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| 83 | </para>
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| 84 | </note>
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| 85 |
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[d28198d3] | 86 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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[2f6053d] | 87 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/qemu"/></para>
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[d28198d3] | 88 |
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| 89 | </sect2>
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| 90 |
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[2f6053d] | 91 | <sect2 id='qemu-prereq'>
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[1eb4fcf] | 92 | <title>KVM Prerequisites</title>
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[d28198d3] | 93 |
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[2f6053d] | 94 | <para>Before building <application>qemu</application>, check to see if
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[d28198d3] | 95 | your processor supports Virtualization Technology (VT):</para>
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| 96 |
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| 97 | <screen><userinput>egrep '^flags.*(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo</userinput></screen>
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| 98 |
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| 99 | <para>If you get any output, you have VT technology (vmx for Intel
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| 100 | processors and svm for AMD processors). You then need to go into your
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| 101 | system BIOS and ensure it is enabled. After enabing, reboot back to your
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| 102 | LFS instance.</para>
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| 103 |
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| 104 | </sect2>
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| 105 |
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[2f6053d] | 106 | <sect2 role="kernel" id='qemu-kernel'>
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[d28198d3] | 107 | <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
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| 108 |
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| 109 | <para>Enable the following options in the kernel configuration
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| 110 | and recompile the kernel if necessary:</para>
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| 111 |
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[9b13441] | 112 | <screen><literal>Virtualization: --->
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| 113 | Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) support: Y or M
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| 114 | KVM for Intel processors support: Y or M
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| 115 | KVM for AMD processors support: Y or M</literal></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 116 |
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[2f6053d] | 117 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-kernel">
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| 118 | <primary sortas="d-qemu">qemu</primary>
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[d28198d3] | 119 | </indexterm>
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| 120 |
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| 121 | <para>The Intel or AMD settings are not both required, but the one matching
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| 122 | your system processor is required.</para>
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| 123 |
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[9b13441] | 124 | <para>For networking, check that <xref linkend='bridgeutils'/> is installed
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| 125 | and the following options in the kernel configuration are enabled:</para>
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| 126 |
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| 127 | <screen><literal>Networking support --->
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| 128 | Networking options --->
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| 129 | 802.1d Ethernet Bridging: Y or M
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| 130 | Device Drivers --->
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| 131 | Network device support --->
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| 132 | Universal TUN/TAP device driver support: Y or M</literal></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 133 |
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| 134 | </sect2>
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| 135 |
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| 136 | <sect2 role="installation">
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[2f6053d] | 137 | <title>Installation of qemu</title>
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[0d7900a] | 138 |
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[2f6053d] | 139 | <para>Install <application>qemu</application> by running the following
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[d28198d3] | 140 | commands:</para>
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| 141 |
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[d85e571] | 142 | <screen><userinput>sed -e '/#include <sys\/capability.h>/ d' \
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| 143 | -e '/#include "virtio-9p-marshal.h"/ i#include <sys\/capability.h>' \
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| 144 | -i fsdev/virtfs-proxy-helper.c &&
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[492ca50f] | 145 |
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[d85e571] | 146 | ./configure --prefix=/usr \
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[9b13441] | 147 | --sysconfdir=/etc \
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| 148 | --docdir=/usr/share/doc/qemu-&qemu-version; \
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[2f6053d] | 149 | --target-list=x86_64-softmmu &&
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[9b13441] | 150 | make</userinput></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 151 |
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[2f6053d] | 152 | <para>To run the built in tests, run <command>make V=1 check</command>.</para>
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[d28198d3] | 153 |
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| 154 | <para>Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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| 155 |
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[9b13441] | 156 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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[9da47337] | 157 | [ -e /usr/lib/libcacard.so ] && chmod -v 755 /usr/lib/libcacard.so</userinput></screen>
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[9a04a8e9] | 158 |
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| 159 | <para>
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| 160 | You will need a dedicated group that will contain users (other than root)
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| 161 | allowed to access the KVM device. Add the group by running the following
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| 162 | command as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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| 163 | </para>
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| 164 |
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| 165 | <screen role="root"><userinput>groupadd -g 61 kvm</userinput></screen>
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| 166 |
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| 167 | <para>
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| 168 | Add any users that might use the KVM device to that group:
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| 169 | </para>
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| 170 |
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| 171 | <screen role="root"><userinput>usermod -a -G kvm <replaceable><username></replaceable></userinput></screen>
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| 172 |
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| 173 | <para>
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[6463c3c] | 174 | You will also need to add a Udev rule so that the KVM device gets correct
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[9a04a8e9] | 175 | permissions:
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| 176 | </para>
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| 177 |
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| 178 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /lib/udev/rules.d/65-kvm.rules << "EOF"
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| 179 | <literal>KERNEL=="kvm", NAME="%k", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0660"</literal>
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| 180 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 181 |
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[2f6053d] | 182 | <note><!--<para>The main program <command>qemu-system-x86_64</command> doesn't
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[d28198d3] | 183 | make a distinction between i386 and x86_64 so even on an i386 system you
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| 184 | should use <emphasis>qemu-system-x86_64</emphasis></para>
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[2f6053d] | 185 | -->
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[0d7900a] | 186 |
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[d28198d3] | 187 | <para>For convenience you may want to create a symbolic link to run
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| 188 | <command>qemu-system-x86_64</command>:</para>
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| 189 |
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| 190 | <screen><userinput>ln -sv qemu-system-x86_64 /usr/bin/qemu</userinput></screen>
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| 191 | </note>
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| 192 |
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| 193 | </sect2>
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| 194 |
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[6a54383] | 195 | <sect2 role="commands">
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| 196 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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| 197 |
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[d85e571] | 198 | <para><command>sed -e '/#include ... fsdev/virtfs-proxy-helper.c</command>:
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| 199 | Fixes <application>qemu-&qemu-version;</application> to build with
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| 200 | <application>libcap-&libcap-version;</application>.</para>
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| 201 |
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[9b13441] | 202 | <para><parameter>--target-list=x86_64-softmmu</parameter>: This switch
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[2f6053d] | 203 | limits the build target to the x86_64 architecture. For other
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| 204 | hardware emulation see the --target-list list in <command>configure</command>'s
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| 205 | help output. Omitting this option will build all architectures.</para>
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[6a54383] | 206 |
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[9b13441] | 207 | <para>
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| 208 | <option>--audio-drv-list=alsa</option>: This switch sets the audio driver
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| 209 | to ALSA. For other drivers see the --audio-drv-list list in
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| 210 | <command>configure</command>'s help output. The default audio driver is
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| 211 | OSS.
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| 212 | </para>
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[6a54383] | 213 |
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[9b13441] | 214 | </sect2>
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[6a54383] | 215 |
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[d28198d3] | 216 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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[2f6053d] | 217 | <title>Configuring qemu</title>
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[d28198d3] | 218 |
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| 219 | <para>To generate an image, run:</para>
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| 220 |
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| 221 | <screen><userinput>qemu-img create -f qcow2 vdisk.img 10G</userinput></screen>
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| 222 |
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| 223 | <para>Adjust the virtual disk size and image filename as desired. The
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| 224 | actual size of the file will be less than specified, but will expand as it
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| 225 | is used.</para>
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| 226 |
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| 227 | <note><para>The following instructions assume you have created the optional
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| 228 | symbolic link, <userinput>qemu</userinput>. Additionally, you must run
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[ef5a37b] | 229 | <userinput>qemu</userinput> from an X Window System based terminal.</para></note>
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[d28198d3] | 230 |
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| 231 | <para>To install an operating system, download an iso of your choice or use
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[ec64d28] | 232 | a pre-intalled cdrom device. For the purposes of this example, use
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[d28198d3] | 233 | Fedora 16 that is downloaded as
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| 234 | <filename>Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-LXDE.iso</filename> in the current
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| 235 | directory. Run the following:</para>
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| 236 |
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[2f6053d] | 237 | <screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm -hda vdisk.img \
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[0d7900a] | 238 | -cdrom Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-LXDE.iso \
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[d28198d3] | 239 | -boot d \
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| 240 | -m 384</userinput></screen>
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| 241 |
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| 242 | <para>Follow the normal installation procedures for the chosen
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[2f6053d] | 243 | distribution. The -boot option specifies the boot order of drives as a
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| 244 | string of drive letters. Valid drive letters are: a, b (floppy 1 and 2), c
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| 245 | (first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM). The -m option is the amount of memory
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| 246 | to use for the virtual machine. If you have sufficient memory (2G or
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| 247 | more), 1G is a reasonable value. For computers with 512MB of RAM it's safe
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| 248 | to use -m 192, or even -m 128 (the default). The -enable-kvm option allows
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| 249 | for hardware acceleeration. Without this switch, the emulation is
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| 250 | relatively slow.</para>
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[d28198d3] | 251 |
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| 252 | <para>To run the newly installed operating system, run:</para>
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| 253 |
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[2f6053d] | 254 | <screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm vdisk.img -m 384</userinput></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 255 |
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| 256 | <para>To add networking to the instance add "-net nic -net user" to the
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| 257 | command above. qemu provides a DHCP server for the VM and, depending on
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| 258 | the client system, sets up networking though the host.</para>
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| 259 |
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| 260 | <para>One problem with the above networking solution is that it does not
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[0d7900a] | 261 | provide the ability to connect with the local network. To do that, there are
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[d28198d3] | 262 | several additional steps that need to be done, all as the <systemitem
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| 263 | class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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| 264 |
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| 265 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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| 266 | <listitem>
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| 267 | <para>Set up bridging with <xref linkend='bridgeutils'/>.</para>
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| 268 | </listitem>
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| 269 |
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| 270 | <listitem>
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| 271 | <para>Allow the host system to forward IP packets.</para>
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| 272 |
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[58196bbf] | 273 | <screen role="root"><userinput>sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1</userinput></screen>
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[0d7900a] | 274 |
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| 275 | <para>To make this permanent, add the command to
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[d28198d3] | 276 | <filename>/etc/syssysctl.conf:</filename></para>
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| 277 |
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[58196bbf] | 278 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
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[0d7900a] | 279 | net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
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[d28198d3] | 280 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 281 |
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| 282 | </listitem>
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| 283 |
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| 284 | <listitem>
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[0d7900a] | 285 | <para>Create scripts for qemu to attach the client network
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[d28198d3] | 286 | device, usually visible as tap0, to the host bridge.</para>
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| 287 |
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[58196bbf] | 288 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/qemu-ifup << EOF
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[d28198d3] | 289 | #!/bin/bash
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| 290 |
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| 291 | switch=br0
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| 292 |
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[71e6ae5] | 293 | if [ -n "\$1" ]; then
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[d28198d3] | 294 | # Add new tap0 interface to bridge
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[71e6ae5] | 295 | /sbin/ip link set \$1 up
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[d28198d3] | 296 | sleep 0.5s
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[71e6ae5] | 297 | /usr/sbin/brctl addif \$switch \$1
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[d28198d3] | 298 | else
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| 299 | echo "Error: no interface specified"
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| 300 | exit 1
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| 301 | fi
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| 302 |
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[0d7900a] | 303 | exit 0
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[71e6ae5] | 304 | EOF
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| 305 |
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| 306 | chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifup</userinput></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 307 |
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[58196bbf] | 308 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/qemu-ifdown << EOF
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[d28198d3] | 309 | #!/bin/bash
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| 310 |
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| 311 | switch=br0
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| 312 |
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[71e6ae5] | 313 | if [ -n "\$1" ]; then
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[d28198d3] | 314 | # Remove tap0 interface from bridge
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[71e6ae5] | 315 | /usr/sbin/brctl delif \$switch \$1
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[d28198d3] | 316 | else
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| 317 | echo "Error: no interface specified"
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| 318 | exit 1
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| 319 | fi
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| 320 |
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[0d7900a] | 321 | exit 0
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[71e6ae5] | 322 | EOF
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| 323 |
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| 324 | chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifdown</userinput></screen>
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[d28198d3] | 325 |
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| 326 | </listitem>
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[71e6ae5] | 327 | </itemizedlist>
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| 328 |
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[e88d7000] | 329 | <note><para>The backslashes in the above script are for convenience
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[71e6ae5] | 330 | for cut/paste operations. The backslashes should <emphasis>not</emphasis>
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| 331 | appear in the final scripts.</para></note>
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[d28198d3] | 332 |
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[71e6ae5] | 333 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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[d28198d3] | 334 | <listitem>
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| 335 | <para>Start qemu with "-net nic -net tap" options. </para>
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| 336 | </listitem>
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| 337 |
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| 338 | <listitem>
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[0d7900a] | 339 | <para>If a connection, such as ssh, from the local network to the
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[d28198d3] | 340 | client VM is desired, the client should probably be configured
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| 341 | with a static IP address.</para>
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| 342 | </listitem>
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| 343 |
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| 344 | </itemizedlist>
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| 345 |
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| 346 | </sect2>
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| 347 |
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| 348 | <sect2 role="content">
|
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| 349 | <title>Contents</title>
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| 350 |
|
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| 351 | <segmentedlist>
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[9b13441] | 352 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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| 353 | <segtitle>Installed Library</segtitle>
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[d28198d3] | 354 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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| 355 |
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| 356 | <seglistitem>
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[9b13441] | 357 | <seg>
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| 358 | qemu-ga,
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| 359 | qemu-img,
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| 360 | qemu-io,
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| 361 | qemu-nbd,
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| 362 | qemu-system-x86_64,
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| 363 | virtfs-proxy-helper, and
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| 364 | vscclient
|
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| 365 | </seg>
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| 366 | <seg>libcacard.so</seg>
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| 367 | <seg>
|
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| 368 | /etc/qemu,
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| 369 | /usr/include/cacard,
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| 370 | /usr/lib/qemu,
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| 371 | /usr/share/qemu, and
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| 372 | /usr/share/doc/qemu-&qemu-version;
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| 373 | </seg>
|
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[d28198d3] | 374 | </seglistitem>
|
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| 375 | </segmentedlist>
|
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| 376 |
|
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| 377 | <variablelist>
|
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| 378 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Description</bridgehead>
|
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| 379 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
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| 380 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
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| 381 |
|
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| 382 | <varlistentry id="qemu-ga">
|
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| 383 | <term><command>qemu-ga</command></term>
|
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| 384 | <listitem>
|
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| 385 | <para>implements support for QMP (QEMU Monitor Protocol) commands and
|
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| 386 | events that terminate and originate respectively within the guest
|
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| 387 | using an agent built as part of QEMU.</para>
|
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[2f6053d] | 388 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-ga">
|
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[d28198d3] | 389 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-ga">qemu-ga</primary>
|
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| 390 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 391 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 392 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 393 |
|
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| 394 | <varlistentry id="qemu-img">
|
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| 395 | <term><command>qemu-img</command></term>
|
---|
| 396 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 397 | <para>provides commands to manage QEMU disk images.</para>
|
---|
[2f6053d] | 398 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-img">
|
---|
[d28198d3] | 399 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-img">qemu-img</primary>
|
---|
| 400 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 401 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 402 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 403 |
|
---|
| 404 | <varlistentry id="qemu-io">
|
---|
| 405 | <term><command>qemu-io</command></term>
|
---|
| 406 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 407 | <para>is a diagnostic and manipulation program for (virtual) memory
|
---|
| 408 | media. It is still at an early stage of development.</para>
|
---|
[2f6053d] | 409 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-io">
|
---|
[d28198d3] | 410 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-io">qemu-io</primary>
|
---|
| 411 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 412 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 413 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 414 |
|
---|
| 415 | <varlistentry id="qemu-nbd">
|
---|
| 416 | <term><command>qemu-nbd</command></term>
|
---|
| 417 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 418 | <para>exports Qemu disk images using the QEMU Disk Network Block
|
---|
| 419 | Device (NBD) protocol.</para>
|
---|
[2f6053d] | 420 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-nbd">
|
---|
[d28198d3] | 421 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-nbd">qemu-nbd</primary>
|
---|
| 422 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 423 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 424 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 425 |
|
---|
| 426 | <varlistentry id="qemu-system">
|
---|
| 427 | <term><command>qemu-system-x86_64</command></term>
|
---|
| 428 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 429 | <para>is the QEMU PC System emulator.</para>
|
---|
[2f6053d] | 430 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-system">
|
---|
[d28198d3] | 431 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-system">qemu-system-x86_64</primary>
|
---|
| 432 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 433 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 434 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 435 |
|
---|
[9b13441] | 436 | <varlistentry id="libcacard">
|
---|
| 437 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcacard.so</filename></term>
|
---|
| 438 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 439 | <para>is the Virtual Smart Card Emulator library.</para>
|
---|
| 440 | <indexterm zone="qemu libcacard">
|
---|
| 441 | <primary sortas="c-libcacard">libcacard.so</primary>
|
---|
| 442 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 443 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 444 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 445 |
|
---|
[d28198d3] | 446 | </variablelist>
|
---|
| 447 |
|
---|
| 448 | </sect2>
|
---|
| 449 |
|
---|
| 450 | </sect1>
|
---|