1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 |
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7 | <!ENTITY qemu-download-http "http://wiki.qemu.org/download/qemu-&qemu-version;.tar.bz2">
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8 | <!ENTITY qemu-download-ftp " ">
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9 | <!ENTITY qemu-md5sum "32893941d40d052a5e649efcf06aca06">
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10 | <!ENTITY qemu-size "12 MB">
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11 | <!ENTITY qemu-buildsize "215 MB">
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12 | <!ENTITY qemu-time "1.7 SBU">
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13 | ]>
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14 |
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15 | <sect1 id="qemu" xreflabel="qemu-&qemu-version;">
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16 | <?dbhtml filename="qemu.html"?>
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17 |
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18 | <sect1info>
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19 | <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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20 | <date>$Date$</date>
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21 | </sect1info>
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22 |
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23 | <title>qemu-&qemu-version;</title>
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24 |
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25 | <indexterm zone="qemu">
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26 | <primary sortas="a-qemu">qemu</primary>
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27 | </indexterm>
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28 |
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29 | <sect2 role="package">
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30 | <title>Introduction to qemu</title>
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31 |
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32 | <para><application>qemu</application> is a full virtualization solution
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33 | for Linux on x86 hardware containing virtualization extensions (Intel VT or
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34 | AMD-V).</para>
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35 |
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36 | &lfs74_checked;
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37 |
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38 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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39 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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40 | <listitem>
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41 | <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&qemu-download-http;"/></para>
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42 | </listitem>
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43 | <listitem>
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44 | <para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&qemu-download-ftp;"/></para>
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45 | </listitem>
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46 | <listitem>
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47 | <para>Download MD5 sum: &qemu-md5sum;</para>
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48 | </listitem>
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49 | <listitem>
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50 | <para>Download size: &qemu-size;</para>
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51 | </listitem>
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52 | <listitem>
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53 | <para>Estimated disk space required: &qemu-buildsize;</para>
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54 | </listitem>
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55 | <listitem>
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56 | <para>Estimated build time: &qemu-time;</para>
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57 | </listitem>
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58 | </itemizedlist>
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59 |
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60 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Qemu Dependencies</bridgehead>
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61 |
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62 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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63 | <para role="required">
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64 | <xref linkend="glib2"/>,
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65 | <xref linkend="python2"/>,
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66 | <xref linkend="sdl"/>, and
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67 | <xref linkend="x-window-system"/>
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68 | </para>
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69 |
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70 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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71 | <para role="optional">
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72 | <xref linkend="alsa"/>,
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73 | <xref linkend="attr"/>,
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74 | <xref linkend="check"/>,
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75 | <xref linkend="curl"/>,
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76 | <xref linkend="mesalib"/>, and
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77 | <xref linkend="cyrus-sasl"/>
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78 | </para>
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79 |
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80 | <note>
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81 | <para>
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82 | This optional dependencies list is not comprehensive. See the output of
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83 | <command>./configure --help</command> for a more complete list.
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84 | </para>
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85 | </note>
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86 |
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87 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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88 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/qemu"/></para>
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89 |
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90 | </sect2>
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91 |
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92 | <sect2 id='qemu-prereq'>
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93 | <title>KVM Prerequisites</title>
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94 |
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95 | <para>Before building <application>qemu</application>, check to see if
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96 | your processor supports Virtualization Technology (VT):</para>
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97 |
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98 | <screen><userinput>egrep '^flags.*(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo</userinput></screen>
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99 |
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100 | <para>If you get any output, you have VT technology (vmx for Intel
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101 | processors and svm for AMD processors). You then need to go into your
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102 | system BIOS and ensure it is enabled. After enabing, reboot back to your
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103 | LFS instance.</para>
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104 |
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105 | </sect2>
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106 |
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107 | <sect2 role="kernel" id='qemu-kernel'>
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108 | <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
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109 |
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110 | <para>Enable the following options in the kernel configuration
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111 | and recompile the kernel if necessary:</para>
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112 |
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113 | <screen><literal>Virtualization: --->
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114 | Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) support: Y or M
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115 | KVM for Intel processors support: Y or M
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116 | KVM for AMD processors support: Y or M</literal></screen>
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117 |
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118 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-kernel">
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119 | <primary sortas="d-qemu">qemu</primary>
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120 | </indexterm>
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121 |
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122 | <para>The Intel or AMD settings are not both required, but the one matching
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123 | your system processor is required.</para>
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124 |
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125 | <para>For networking, check that <xref linkend='bridgeutils'/> is installed
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126 | and the following options in the kernel configuration are enabled:</para>
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127 |
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128 | <screen><literal>Networking support --->
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129 | Networking options --->
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130 | 802.1d Ethernet Bridging: Y or M
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131 | Device Drivers --->
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132 | Network device support --->
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133 | Universal TUN/TAP device driver support: Y or M</literal></screen>
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134 |
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135 | </sect2>
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136 |
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137 | <sect2 role="installation">
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138 | <title>Installation of qemu</title>
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139 |
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140 | <para>If <application>xorg</application> is not installed in
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141 | <filename class='directory'>/usr</filename>, then the linker needs to
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142 | be told where it is. For example:</para>
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143 |
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144 | <screen><userinput>export LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/xorg/lib</userinput></screen>
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145 |
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146 | <para>Install <application>qemu</application> by running the following
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147 | commands:</para>
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148 |
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149 | <screen><userinput>sed -e '/#include <sys\/capability.h>/ d' \
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150 | -e '/#include "virtio-9p-marshal.h"/ i#include <sys\/capability.h>' \
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151 | -i fsdev/virtfs-proxy-helper.c &&
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152 | ./configure --prefix=/usr \
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153 | --sysconfdir=/etc \
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154 | --libexecdir=/usr/lib/qemu \
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155 | --docdir=/usr/share/doc/qemu-&qemu-version; \
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156 | --target-list=x86_64-softmmu &&
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157 | make</userinput></screen>
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158 |
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159 | <para>To run the built in tests, run <command>make V=1 check</command>.</para>
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160 |
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161 | <para>Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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162 |
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163 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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164 | [ -e /usr/lib/libcacard.so ] && chmod -v 755 /usr/lib/libcacard.so</userinput></screen>
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165 |
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166 | <para>
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167 | You will need a dedicated group that will contain users (other than root)
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168 | allowed to access the KVM device. Add the group by running the following
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169 | command as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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170 | </para>
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171 |
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172 | <screen role="root"><userinput>groupadd -g 61 kvm</userinput></screen>
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173 |
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174 | <para>
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175 | Add any users that might use the KVM device to that group:
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176 | </para>
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177 |
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178 | <screen role="root"><userinput>usermod -a -G kvm <replaceable><username></replaceable></userinput></screen>
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179 |
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180 | <para>
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181 | You will also need to add a Udev rule so that the KVM device gets correct
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182 | permissions:
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183 | </para>
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184 |
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185 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /lib/udev/rules.d/65-kvm.rules << "EOF"
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186 | <literal>KERNEL=="kvm", NAME="%k", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0660"</literal>
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187 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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188 |
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189 | <note><!--<para>The main program <command>qemu-system-x86_64</command> doesn't
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190 | make a distinction between i386 and x86_64 so even on an i386 system you
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191 | should use <emphasis>qemu-system-x86_64</emphasis></para>
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192 | -->
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193 |
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194 | <para>For convenience you may want to create a symbolic link to run
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195 | <command>qemu-system-x86_64</command>:</para>
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196 |
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197 | <screen><userinput>ln -sv qemu-system-x86_64 /usr/bin/qemu</userinput></screen>
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198 | </note>
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199 |
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200 | </sect2>
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201 |
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202 | <sect2 role="commands">
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203 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
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204 |
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205 | <para><command>sed -e '/#include ... fsdev/virtfs-proxy-helper.c</command>:
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206 | Fixes <application>qemu-&qemu-version;</application> to build with
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207 | <application>libcap-&libcap-version;</application>.</para>
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208 |
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209 | <para><parameter>--target-list=x86_64-softmmu</parameter>: This switch
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210 | limits the build target to the x86_64 architecture. For other
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211 | hardware emulation see the --target-list list in <command>configure</command>'s
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212 | help output. Omitting this option will build all architectures.</para>
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213 |
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214 | <para>
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215 | <option>--audio-drv-list=alsa</option>: This switch sets the audio driver
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216 | to ALSA. For other drivers see the --audio-drv-list list in
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217 | <command>configure</command>'s help output. The default audio driver is
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218 | OSS.
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219 | </para>
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220 |
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221 | </sect2>
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222 |
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223 | <sect2 role="configuration">
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224 | <title>Configuring qemu</title>
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225 |
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226 | <para>To generate an image, run:</para>
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227 |
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228 | <screen><userinput>qemu-img create -f qcow2 vdisk.img 10G</userinput></screen>
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229 |
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230 | <para>Adjust the virtual disk size and image filename as desired. The
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231 | actual size of the file will be less than specified, but will expand as it
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232 | is used.</para>
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233 |
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234 | <note><para>The following instructions assume you have created the optional
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235 | symbolic link, <userinput>qemu</userinput>. Additionally, you must run
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236 | <userinput>qemu</userinput> from an X Window System based terminal.</para></note>
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237 |
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238 | <para>To install an operating system, download an iso of your choice or use
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239 | a pre-intalled cdrom device. For the purposes of this example, use
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240 | Fedora 16 that is downloaded as
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241 | <filename>Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-LXDE.iso</filename> in the current
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242 | directory. Run the following:</para>
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243 |
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244 | <screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm -hda vdisk.img \
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245 | -cdrom Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-LXDE.iso \
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246 | -boot d \
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247 | -m 384</userinput></screen>
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248 |
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249 | <para>Follow the normal installation procedures for the chosen
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250 | distribution. The -boot option specifies the boot order of drives as a
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251 | string of drive letters. Valid drive letters are: a, b (floppy 1 and 2), c
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252 | (first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM). The -m option is the amount of memory
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253 | to use for the virtual machine. If you have sufficient memory (2G or
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254 | more), 1G is a reasonable value. For computers with 512MB of RAM it's safe
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255 | to use -m 192, or even -m 128 (the default). The -enable-kvm option allows
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256 | for hardware acceleeration. Without this switch, the emulation is
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257 | relatively slow.</para>
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258 |
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259 | <para>To run the newly installed operating system, run:</para>
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260 |
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261 | <screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm vdisk.img -m 384</userinput></screen>
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262 |
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263 | <para>To add networking to the instance add "-net nic -net user" to the
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264 | command above. qemu provides a DHCP server for the VM and, depending on
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265 | the client system, sets up networking though the host.</para>
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266 |
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267 | <para>One problem with the above networking solution is that it does not
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268 | provide the ability to connect with the local network. To do that, there are
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269 | several additional steps that need to be done, all as the <systemitem
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270 | class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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271 |
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272 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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273 | <listitem>
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274 | <para>Set up bridging with <xref linkend='bridgeutils'/>.</para>
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275 | </listitem>
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276 |
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277 | <listitem>
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278 | <para>Allow the host system to forward IP packets.</para>
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279 |
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280 | <screen><userinput>sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1</userinput></screen>
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281 |
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282 | <para>To make this permanent, add the command to
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283 | <filename>/etc/syssysctl.conf:</filename></para>
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284 |
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285 | <screen><userinput>cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
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286 | net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
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287 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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288 |
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289 | </listitem>
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290 |
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291 | <listitem>
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292 | <para>Create scripts for qemu to attach the client network
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293 | device, usually visible as tap0, to the host bridge.</para>
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294 |
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295 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/qemu-ifup << EOF
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296 | #!/bin/bash
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297 |
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298 | switch=br0
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299 |
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300 | if [ -n "\$1" ]; then
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301 | # Add new tap0 interface to bridge
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302 | /sbin/ip link set \$1 up
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303 | sleep 0.5s
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304 | /usr/sbin/brctl addif \$switch \$1
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305 | else
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306 | echo "Error: no interface specified"
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307 | exit 1
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308 | fi
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309 |
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310 | exit 0
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311 | EOF
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312 |
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313 | chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifup</userinput></screen>
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314 |
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315 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/qemu-ifdown << EOF
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316 | #!/bin/bash
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317 |
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318 | switch=br0
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319 |
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320 | if [ -n "\$1" ]; then
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321 | # Remove tap0 interface from bridge
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322 | /usr/sbin/brctl delif \$switch \$1
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323 | else
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324 | echo "Error: no interface specified"
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325 | exit 1
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326 | fi
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327 |
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328 | exit 0
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329 | EOF
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330 |
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331 | chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifdown</userinput></screen>
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332 |
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333 | </listitem>
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334 | </itemizedlist>
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335 |
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336 | <note><para>The backslashes in the above script are for convenience
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337 | for cut/paste operations. The backslashes should <emphasis>not</emphasis>
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338 | appear in the final scripts.</para></note>
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339 |
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340 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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341 | <listitem>
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342 | <para>Start qemu with "-net nic -net tap" options. </para>
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343 | </listitem>
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344 |
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345 | <listitem>
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346 | <para>If a connection, such as ssh, from the local network to the
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347 | client VM is desired, the client should probably be configured
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348 | with a static IP address.</para>
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349 | </listitem>
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350 |
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351 | </itemizedlist>
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352 |
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353 | </sect2>
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354 |
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355 | <sect2 role="content">
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356 | <title>Contents</title>
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357 |
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358 | <segmentedlist>
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359 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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360 | <segtitle>Installed Library</segtitle>
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361 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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362 |
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363 | <seglistitem>
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364 | <seg>
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365 | qemu-ga,
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366 | qemu-img,
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367 | qemu-io,
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368 | qemu-nbd,
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369 | qemu-system-x86_64,
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370 | virtfs-proxy-helper, and
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371 | vscclient
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372 | </seg>
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373 | <seg>libcacard.so</seg>
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374 | <seg>
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375 | /etc/qemu,
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376 | /usr/include/cacard,
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377 | /usr/lib/qemu,
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378 | /usr/share/qemu, and
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379 | /usr/share/doc/qemu-&qemu-version;
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380 | </seg>
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381 | </seglistitem>
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382 | </segmentedlist>
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383 |
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384 | <variablelist>
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385 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Description</bridgehead>
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386 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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387 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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388 |
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389 | <varlistentry id="qemu-ga">
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390 | <term><command>qemu-ga</command></term>
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391 | <listitem>
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392 | <para>implements support for QMP (QEMU Monitor Protocol) commands and
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393 | events that terminate and originate respectively within the guest
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394 | using an agent built as part of QEMU.</para>
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395 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-ga">
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396 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-ga">qemu-ga</primary>
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397 | </indexterm>
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398 | </listitem>
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399 | </varlistentry>
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400 |
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401 | <varlistentry id="qemu-img">
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402 | <term><command>qemu-img</command></term>
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403 | <listitem>
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404 | <para>provides commands to manage QEMU disk images.</para>
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405 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-img">
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406 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-img">qemu-img</primary>
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407 | </indexterm>
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408 | </listitem>
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409 | </varlistentry>
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410 |
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411 | <varlistentry id="qemu-io">
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412 | <term><command>qemu-io</command></term>
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413 | <listitem>
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414 | <para>is a diagnostic and manipulation program for (virtual) memory
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415 | media. It is still at an early stage of development.</para>
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416 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-io">
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417 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-io">qemu-io</primary>
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418 | </indexterm>
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419 | </listitem>
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420 | </varlistentry>
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421 |
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422 | <varlistentry id="qemu-nbd">
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423 | <term><command>qemu-nbd</command></term>
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424 | <listitem>
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425 | <para>exports Qemu disk images using the QEMU Disk Network Block
|
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426 | Device (NBD) protocol.</para>
|
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427 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-nbd">
|
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428 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-nbd">qemu-nbd</primary>
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429 | </indexterm>
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430 | </listitem>
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431 | </varlistentry>
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432 |
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433 | <varlistentry id="qemu-system">
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434 | <term><command>qemu-system-x86_64</command></term>
|
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435 | <listitem>
|
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436 | <para>is the QEMU PC System emulator.</para>
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437 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-system">
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438 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-system">qemu-system-x86_64</primary>
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439 | </indexterm>
|
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440 | </listitem>
|
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441 | </varlistentry>
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442 |
|
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443 | <varlistentry id="libcacard">
|
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444 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcacard.so</filename></term>
|
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445 | <listitem>
|
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446 | <para>is the Virtual Smart Card Emulator library.</para>
|
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447 | <indexterm zone="qemu libcacard">
|
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448 | <primary sortas="c-libcacard">libcacard.so</primary>
|
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449 | </indexterm>
|
---|
450 | </listitem>
|
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451 | </varlistentry>
|
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452 |
|
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453 | </variablelist>
|
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454 |
|
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455 | </sect2>
|
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456 |
|
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457 | </sect1>
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