| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
|---|
| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
|---|
| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
|
|---|
| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
|
|---|
| 5 | %general-entities;
|
|---|
| 6 |
|
|---|
| 7 | <!ENTITY qemu-download-http "https://download.qemu.org/qemu-&qemu-version;.tar.xz">
|
|---|
| 8 | <!ENTITY qemu-download-ftp " ">
|
|---|
| 9 | <!ENTITY qemu-md5sum "7630d6a9eba7ab2bcb9979d6d24c2697">
|
|---|
| 10 | <!ENTITY qemu-size "117 MB">
|
|---|
| 11 | <!ENTITY qemu-buildsize "2.1 GB">
|
|---|
| 12 | <!ENTITY qemu-time "1.3 SBU (add 2.0 SBU for tests, both using parallelism=4)">
|
|---|
| 13 | ]>
|
|---|
| 14 |
|
|---|
| 15 | <sect1 id="qemu" xreflabel="qemu-&qemu-version;">
|
|---|
| 16 | <?dbhtml filename="qemu.html"?>
|
|---|
| 17 |
|
|---|
| 18 |
|
|---|
| 19 | <title>qemu-&qemu-version;</title>
|
|---|
| 20 |
|
|---|
| 21 | <indexterm zone="qemu">
|
|---|
| 22 | <primary sortas="a-qemu">qemu</primary>
|
|---|
| 23 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 24 |
|
|---|
| 25 | <sect2 role="package">
|
|---|
| 26 | <title>Introduction to qemu</title>
|
|---|
| 27 |
|
|---|
| 28 | <para>
|
|---|
| 29 | <application>qemu</application> is a full virtualization solution for
|
|---|
| 30 | Linux on x86 hardware containing virtualization extensions (Intel VT or
|
|---|
| 31 | AMD-V).
|
|---|
| 32 | </para>
|
|---|
| 33 |
|
|---|
| 34 | &lfs113_checked;
|
|---|
| 35 |
|
|---|
| 36 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 37 | <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
|
|---|
| 38 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 39 | <para>
|
|---|
| 40 | Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&qemu-download-http;"/>
|
|---|
| 41 | </para>
|
|---|
| 42 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 43 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 44 | <para>
|
|---|
| 45 | Download (FTP): <ulink url="&qemu-download-ftp;"/>
|
|---|
| 46 | </para>
|
|---|
| 47 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 48 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 49 | <para>
|
|---|
| 50 | Download MD5 sum: &qemu-md5sum;
|
|---|
| 51 | </para>
|
|---|
| 52 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 53 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 54 | <para>
|
|---|
| 55 | Download size: &qemu-size;
|
|---|
| 56 | </para>
|
|---|
| 57 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 58 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 59 | <para>
|
|---|
| 60 | Estimated disk space required: &qemu-buildsize;
|
|---|
| 61 | </para>
|
|---|
| 62 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 63 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 64 | <para>
|
|---|
| 65 | Estimated build time: &qemu-time;
|
|---|
| 66 | </para>
|
|---|
| 67 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 68 | </itemizedlist>
|
|---|
| 69 |
|
|---|
| 70 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Qemu Dependencies</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 71 |
|
|---|
| 72 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 73 | <para role="required">
|
|---|
| 74 | <xref linkend="glib2"/>, and
|
|---|
| 75 | <xref linkend="x-window-system"/>
|
|---|
| 76 | </para>
|
|---|
| 77 |
|
|---|
| 78 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 79 | <para role="recommended">
|
|---|
| 80 | <xref linkend="alsa-lib"/>,
|
|---|
| 81 | <xref linkend="libslirp"/>, and
|
|---|
| 82 | <xref linkend="sdl2"/>
|
|---|
| 83 | </para>
|
|---|
| 84 |
|
|---|
| 85 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 86 | <para role="optional">
|
|---|
| 87 | Depending on the sound system, various packages in <xref linkend="alsa"/>,
|
|---|
| 88 | <xref linkend="python3"/>,
|
|---|
| 89 | <xref linkend="pulseaudio"/>,
|
|---|
| 90 | <xref linkend="bluez"/>,
|
|---|
| 91 | <xref linkend="curl"/>,
|
|---|
| 92 | <xref linkend="cyrus-sasl"/>,
|
|---|
| 93 | <xref linkend="gnutls"/>,
|
|---|
| 94 | <xref linkend="gtk2"/>,
|
|---|
| 95 | <xref linkend="gtk3"/>,
|
|---|
| 96 | <xref linkend="libusb"/>,
|
|---|
| 97 | <xref linkend="libgcrypt"/>,
|
|---|
| 98 | <xref linkend="libssh2"/>,
|
|---|
| 99 | <xref linkend="lzo"/>,
|
|---|
| 100 | <xref linkend="nettle"/>,
|
|---|
| 101 | <xref linkend="mesa"/>,
|
|---|
| 102 | <xref role="nodep" linkend="vte"/> or <xref linkend="vte2"/>, and
|
|---|
| 103 | <!-- libcacard has been a standalone project since qemu-2.5.-->
|
|---|
| 104 | <ulink url="https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/spice/libcacard">libcacard</ulink>
|
|---|
| 105 | </para>
|
|---|
| 106 |
|
|---|
| 107 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (Runtime)</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 108 | <para role="runtime">
|
|---|
| 109 | &logind;
|
|---|
| 110 | </para>
|
|---|
| 111 |
|
|---|
| 112 | <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (for building the documentation)</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 113 | <para role="optional">
|
|---|
| 114 | <xref linkend="sphinx_rtd_theme"/>
|
|---|
| 115 | </para>
|
|---|
| 116 |
|
|---|
| 117 | <note>
|
|---|
| 118 | <para>
|
|---|
| 119 | This optional dependencies list is not comprehensive. See the output of
|
|---|
| 120 | <command>./configure --help</command> for a more complete list.
|
|---|
| 121 | </para>
|
|---|
| 122 | </note>
|
|---|
| 123 |
|
|---|
| 124 | <para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
|
|---|
| 125 | <ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/qemu"/></para>
|
|---|
| 126 |
|
|---|
| 127 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 128 |
|
|---|
| 129 | <sect2 id='qemu-prereq'>
|
|---|
| 130 | <title>KVM Prerequisites</title>
|
|---|
| 131 |
|
|---|
| 132 | <para>
|
|---|
| 133 | Before building <application>qemu</application>, check to see if
|
|---|
| 134 | your processor supports Virtualization Technology (VT):
|
|---|
| 135 | </para>
|
|---|
| 136 |
|
|---|
| 137 | <screen><userinput>grep -E '^flags.*(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 138 |
|
|---|
| 139 | <para>
|
|---|
| 140 | If you get any output, you have VT technology (vmx for Intel
|
|---|
| 141 | processors and svm for AMD processors). You then need to go into your
|
|---|
| 142 | system BIOS and ensure it is enabled. After enabling, reboot back to your
|
|---|
| 143 | LFS instance.
|
|---|
| 144 | </para>
|
|---|
| 145 |
|
|---|
| 146 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 147 |
|
|---|
| 148 | <sect2 role="kernel" id='qemu-kernel'>
|
|---|
| 149 | <title>Kernel Configuration</title>
|
|---|
| 150 |
|
|---|
| 151 | <para>
|
|---|
| 152 | Enable the following options in the kernel configuration and
|
|---|
| 153 | recompile the kernel if necessary:
|
|---|
| 154 | </para>
|
|---|
| 155 |
|
|---|
| 156 | <screen><literal>[*] Virtualization: ---> [CONFIG_VIRTUALIZATION]
|
|---|
| 157 | <*/M> Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) support [CONFIG_KVM]
|
|---|
| 158 | <*/M> KVM for Intel (and compatible) processors support [CONFIG_KVM_INTEL]
|
|---|
| 159 | <*/M> KVM for AMD processors support [CONFIG_KVM_AMD]</literal></screen>
|
|---|
| 160 |
|
|---|
| 161 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-kernel">
|
|---|
| 162 | <primary sortas="d-qemu">qemu</primary>
|
|---|
| 163 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 164 |
|
|---|
| 165 | <para>
|
|---|
| 166 | The Intel or AMD settings are not both required, but the one matching
|
|---|
| 167 | your system processor is required.
|
|---|
| 168 | </para>
|
|---|
| 169 |
|
|---|
| 170 | <para>
|
|---|
| 171 | To use the <quote>bridge</quote> network device, as explained below,
|
|---|
| 172 | check that <xref linkend='bridgeutils'/> is installed
|
|---|
| 173 | and the following options in the kernel configuration are enabled:
|
|---|
| 174 | </para>
|
|---|
| 175 |
|
|---|
| 176 | <screen><literal>[*] Networking support ---> [CONFIG_NET]
|
|---|
| 177 | Networking options --->
|
|---|
| 178 | <*/M> 802.1d Ethernet Bridging [CONFIG_BRIDGE]
|
|---|
| 179 | Device Drivers --->
|
|---|
| 180 | [*] Network device support ---> [CONFIG_NETDEVICES]
|
|---|
| 181 | <*/M> Universal TUN/TAP device driver support [CONFIG_TUN]</literal></screen>
|
|---|
| 182 |
|
|---|
| 183 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 184 |
|
|---|
| 185 | <sect2 role="installation">
|
|---|
| 186 | <title>Installation of qemu</title>
|
|---|
| 187 | <!-- group kvm is created in lfs chapter 7 even for sysv
|
|---|
| 188 | <para revision="sysv">
|
|---|
| 189 | You will need a dedicated group that will contain users (other than root)
|
|---|
| 190 | allowed to access the KVM device. Create this group by running the
|
|---|
| 191 | following command as the
|
|---|
| 192 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
|
|---|
| 193 | </para>
|
|---|
| 194 |
|
|---|
| 195 | <screen role="root" revision="sysv"><userinput>groupadd -g 61 kvm</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 196 | -->
|
|---|
| 197 | <para>
|
|---|
| 198 | The udev rule of LFS only allows the &root; user, the users owning
|
|---|
| 199 | a local login session supported by the optional runtime dependency
|
|---|
| 200 | &logind;, or the users in the
|
|---|
| 201 | <systemitem class="groupname">kvm</systemitem> group to use the KVM
|
|---|
| 202 | device. As the &root; user, add any non-&root; users that might use
|
|---|
| 203 | the KVM device either without &logind; installed or remotely (via a
|
|---|
| 204 | SSH connection) to the
|
|---|
| 205 | <systemitem class="groupname">kvm</systemitem> group:
|
|---|
| 206 | </para>
|
|---|
| 207 |
|
|---|
| 208 | <screen role="root"><userinput>usermod -a -G kvm <replaceable><username></replaceable></userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 209 |
|
|---|
| 210 | <para>
|
|---|
| 211 | Install <application>qemu</application> by running the following
|
|---|
| 212 | commands:
|
|---|
| 213 | </para>
|
|---|
| 214 |
|
|---|
| 215 | <note>
|
|---|
| 216 | <para>
|
|---|
| 217 | Qemu is capable of running many targets. The build process
|
|---|
| 218 | is also capable of building multiple targets at one time in a
|
|---|
| 219 | comma delimited list assigned to <option>--target-list</option>. Run
|
|---|
| 220 | <command>./configure --help</command> to get a complete list of
|
|---|
| 221 | available targets.
|
|---|
| 222 | </para>
|
|---|
| 223 | </note>
|
|---|
| 224 |
|
|---|
| 225 |
|
|---|
| 226 | <screen><userinput>if [ $(uname -m) = i686 ]; then
|
|---|
| 227 | QEMU_ARCH=i386-softmmu
|
|---|
| 228 | else
|
|---|
| 229 | QEMU_ARCH=x86_64-softmmu
|
|---|
| 230 | fi
|
|---|
| 231 |
|
|---|
| 232 |
|
|---|
| 233 | mkdir -vp build &&
|
|---|
| 234 | cd build &&
|
|---|
| 235 |
|
|---|
| 236 | ../configure --prefix=/usr \
|
|---|
| 237 | --sysconfdir=/etc \
|
|---|
| 238 | --localstatedir=/var \
|
|---|
| 239 | --target-list=$QEMU_ARCH \
|
|---|
| 240 | --audio-drv-list=alsa \
|
|---|
| 241 | --disable-pa \
|
|---|
| 242 | --docdir=/usr/share/doc/qemu-&qemu-version; &&
|
|---|
| 243 |
|
|---|
| 244 | unset QEMU_ARCH &&
|
|---|
| 245 |
|
|---|
| 246 | make</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 247 |
|
|---|
| 248 | <para>
|
|---|
| 249 | <application>qemu</application> uses <command>ninja</command> as
|
|---|
| 250 | a subprocess when building. To run the tests, issue:
|
|---|
| 251 | <command>ninja test</command>.
|
|---|
| 252 | </para>
|
|---|
| 253 |
|
|---|
| 254 | <para>
|
|---|
| 255 | Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
|
|---|
| 256 | </para>
|
|---|
| 257 |
|
|---|
| 258 | <screen role="root"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 259 |
|
|---|
| 260 | <para>
|
|---|
| 261 | You will also need to add an Udev rule so that the KVM device gets correct
|
|---|
| 262 | permissions. As the &root; user, issue:
|
|---|
| 263 | </para>
|
|---|
| 264 |
|
|---|
| 265 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/udev/rules.d/65-kvm.rules << "EOF"
|
|---|
| 266 | <literal>KERNEL=="kvm", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0660"</literal>
|
|---|
| 267 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 268 |
|
|---|
| 269 | <para>
|
|---|
| 270 | Change the permissions and ownership of a helper script, which is needed
|
|---|
| 271 | when using the <quote>bridge</quote> network device (see below). Again
|
|---|
| 272 | as the &root; user, issue:
|
|---|
| 273 | </para>
|
|---|
| 274 |
|
|---|
| 275 | <screen role="root"><userinput>chgrp kvm /usr/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper &&
|
|---|
| 276 | chmod 4750 /usr/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 277 |
|
|---|
| 278 | <note>
|
|---|
| 279 | <para>
|
|---|
| 280 | For convenience you may want to create a symbolic link to run
|
|---|
| 281 | the installed program. For instance (as the &root; user):
|
|---|
| 282 | </para>
|
|---|
| 283 |
|
|---|
| 284 | <screen role="root"><userinput>ln -sv qemu-system-`uname -m` /usr/bin/qemu</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 285 | </note>
|
|---|
| 286 |
|
|---|
| 287 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 288 |
|
|---|
| 289 | <sect2 role="commands">
|
|---|
| 290 | <title>Command Explanations</title>
|
|---|
| 291 |
|
|---|
| 292 | <para>
|
|---|
| 293 | <parameter>--audio-drv-list=alsa --disable-pa</parameter>: This switch
|
|---|
| 294 | sets the audio driver to ALSA. See below for enabling other audio drivers.
|
|---|
| 295 | </para>
|
|---|
| 296 |
|
|---|
| 297 | <para>
|
|---|
| 298 | <option>--audio-drv-list=pa --disable-alsa</option>: This switch sets
|
|---|
| 299 | the audio driver to pulseaudio. For other drivers see the
|
|---|
| 300 | --audio-drv-list choices in the output of
|
|---|
| 301 | <command>./configure --help</command>. The default audio driver is OSS.
|
|---|
| 302 | To enable support for both alsa and pulseaudio, use
|
|---|
| 303 | <option>--audio-drv-list=alsa,pa</option>.
|
|---|
| 304 | </para>
|
|---|
| 305 |
|
|---|
| 306 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 307 |
|
|---|
| 308 | <sect2 role="using">
|
|---|
| 309 | <title>Using Qemu</title>
|
|---|
| 310 |
|
|---|
| 311 | <para>
|
|---|
| 312 | Since using qemu means using a virtual computer, the steps to set up
|
|---|
| 313 | the virtual machine are in close analogy with those to set up a real
|
|---|
| 314 | computer. You'll need to decide about CPU, memory, disk, USB devices,
|
|---|
| 315 | network card(s), screen size, etc. Once the <quote>hardware</quote> is
|
|---|
| 316 | decided, you'll have for example to choose how to connect the machine
|
|---|
| 317 | to internet, and/or to install an OS. In the following, we show basic
|
|---|
| 318 | ways of performing those steps. But qemu is much more than this, and it
|
|---|
| 319 | is strongly advised to read the qemu documentation in
|
|---|
| 320 | <filename>/usr/share/doc/qemu-&qemu-version;/qemu-doc.html</filename>.
|
|---|
| 321 | </para>
|
|---|
| 322 |
|
|---|
| 323 | <note>
|
|---|
| 324 | <para>
|
|---|
| 325 | It is standard practice to name the computer running qemu
|
|---|
| 326 | <quote>host</quote> and the emulated machine running under qemu the
|
|---|
| 327 | <quote>guest</quote>. We'll use those notations in the following.
|
|---|
| 328 | </para>
|
|---|
| 329 | </note>
|
|---|
| 330 |
|
|---|
| 331 | <note>
|
|---|
| 332 | <para>
|
|---|
| 333 | The following instructions assume the optional symbolic link,
|
|---|
| 334 | <filename>qemu</filename>, has been created. Additionally,
|
|---|
| 335 | <command>qemu</command> should be run in a graphical environment.
|
|---|
| 336 | But it is possible to use qemu <quote>headless</quote> or through
|
|---|
| 337 | SSH. See the documentation for the various possibilities.
|
|---|
| 338 | </para>
|
|---|
| 339 | </note>
|
|---|
| 340 |
|
|---|
| 341 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Disk</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 342 | <para>
|
|---|
| 343 | A virtual disk may be set up in the following way:
|
|---|
| 344 | </para>
|
|---|
| 345 |
|
|---|
| 346 | <screen><userinput>VDISK_SIZE=<replaceable>50G</replaceable>
|
|---|
| 347 | VDISK_FILENAME=<replaceable>vdisk.img</replaceable>
|
|---|
| 348 | qemu-img create -f qcow2 $VDISK_FILENAME $VDISK_SIZE</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 349 |
|
|---|
| 350 | <para>
|
|---|
| 351 | The virtual disk size and filename should be adjusted as desired. The
|
|---|
| 352 | actual size of the file will be less than specified, but will expand as
|
|---|
| 353 | needed, so it is safe to put a high value.
|
|---|
| 354 | </para>
|
|---|
| 355 |
|
|---|
| 356 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Operating System</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 357 | <para>
|
|---|
| 358 | To install an operating system, download an iso image from your preferred
|
|---|
| 359 | Linux distribution. For the purposes of this example, we'll use
|
|---|
| 360 | <filename>Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-LXDE.iso</filename> in the current
|
|---|
| 361 | directory. Run the following:
|
|---|
| 362 | </para>
|
|---|
| 363 |
|
|---|
| 364 | <screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm \
|
|---|
| 365 | -drive file=$VDISK_FILENAME \
|
|---|
| 366 | -cdrom Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-LXDE.iso \
|
|---|
| 367 | -boot d \
|
|---|
| 368 | -m <replaceable>1G</replaceable></userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 369 |
|
|---|
| 370 | <para>
|
|---|
| 371 | Follow the normal installation procedures for the chosen distribution.
|
|---|
| 372 | The <parameter>-boot</parameter> option specifies the boot order of
|
|---|
| 373 | drives as a string of drive letters. Valid drive letters are: a, b
|
|---|
| 374 | (floppy 1 and 2), c (first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM). The
|
|---|
| 375 | <parameter>-m</parameter> option is the amount of memory to use for the
|
|---|
| 376 | virtual machine. The choice depends on the load of the host. Modern
|
|---|
| 377 | distributions should be comfortable with 1GB.
|
|---|
| 378 | The <parameter>-enable-kvm</parameter> option allows hardware
|
|---|
| 379 | acceleration. Without this switch, the emulation is much slower.
|
|---|
| 380 | </para>
|
|---|
| 381 |
|
|---|
| 382 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Defining the virtual hardware</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 383 | <para>
|
|---|
| 384 | The virtual machine hardware is defined by the qemu command line.
|
|---|
| 385 | An example command is given below:
|
|---|
| 386 | </para>
|
|---|
| 387 |
|
|---|
| 388 | <screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm \
|
|---|
| 389 | -smp 4 \
|
|---|
| 390 | -cpu host \
|
|---|
| 391 | -m 1G \
|
|---|
| 392 | -drive file=$VDISK_FILENAME \
|
|---|
| 393 | -cdrom grub-img.iso \
|
|---|
| 394 | -boot order=c,once=d,menu=on \
|
|---|
| 395 | -net nic,netdev=net0 \
|
|---|
| 396 | -netdev user,id=net0 \
|
|---|
| 397 | -device ac97 \
|
|---|
| 398 | -vga std \
|
|---|
| 399 | -serial mon:stdio \
|
|---|
| 400 | -name "fedora-16"</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 401 |
|
|---|
| 402 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Meaning of the command line options</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 403 | <para>
|
|---|
| 404 | <parameter>-enable-kvm</parameter>: enable full KVM virtualization
|
|---|
| 405 | support. On some hardware, it may be necessary to add the undocumented
|
|---|
| 406 | <option>-machine smm=off</option> option in order to enable KVM.
|
|---|
| 407 | </para>
|
|---|
| 408 |
|
|---|
| 409 | <para>
|
|---|
| 410 | <parameter>-smp <N></parameter>: enable symmetric multiprocessing
|
|---|
| 411 | with <N> CPUs.
|
|---|
| 412 | </para>
|
|---|
| 413 |
|
|---|
| 414 | <para>
|
|---|
| 415 | <parameter>-cpu <model></parameter>: simulate CPU <model>.
|
|---|
| 416 | the list of supported models can be obtained with <option>-cpu
|
|---|
| 417 | help</option>.
|
|---|
| 418 | </para>
|
|---|
| 419 |
|
|---|
| 420 | <para>
|
|---|
| 421 | <parameter>-drive file=<filename></parameter>: defines a virtual
|
|---|
| 422 | disk whose image is stored in <filename><filename></filename>.
|
|---|
| 423 | </para>
|
|---|
| 424 |
|
|---|
| 425 | <para>
|
|---|
| 426 | <parameter>-cdrom grub-img.iso</parameter>: defines an iso formatted file
|
|---|
| 427 | to use as a cdrom. Here we use a grub rescue disk, which may turn handy
|
|---|
| 428 | when something goes wrong at boot time.
|
|---|
| 429 | </para>
|
|---|
| 430 |
|
|---|
| 431 | <para>
|
|---|
| 432 | <parameter>-boot order=c,once=d,menu=on</parameter>: defines the boot
|
|---|
| 433 | order for the virtual BIOS.
|
|---|
| 434 | </para>
|
|---|
| 435 |
|
|---|
| 436 | <para>
|
|---|
| 437 | <parameter>-net nic,netdev=<netid></parameter>: defines a network
|
|---|
| 438 | card connected to the network device with id <netid>.
|
|---|
| 439 | </para>
|
|---|
| 440 |
|
|---|
| 441 | <para>
|
|---|
| 442 | <parameter>-netdev user,id=<netid></parameter>: defines the
|
|---|
| 443 | network <quote>user</quote> device. This is a virtual local network
|
|---|
| 444 | with addresses 10.0.2.0/24, where the host has address 10.0.2.2 and
|
|---|
| 445 | acts as a gateway to internet, and with a name server at address
|
|---|
| 446 | 10.0.2.3, and an smb server at address 10.0.2.4. A builtin DHCP server
|
|---|
| 447 | can allocate addresses between 10.0.2.15 and 10.0.2.31.
|
|---|
| 448 | </para>
|
|---|
| 449 |
|
|---|
| 450 | <para>
|
|---|
| 451 | <parameter>-soundhw <model></parameter>: defines the soundcard
|
|---|
| 452 | model. The list may be obtained with <option>-soundhw help</option>.
|
|---|
| 453 | </para>
|
|---|
| 454 |
|
|---|
| 455 | <para>
|
|---|
| 456 | <parameter>-vga <type></parameter>: defines the type of VGA card
|
|---|
| 457 | to emulate. For <parameter>-vga std</parameter>, if you are building
|
|---|
| 458 | a Linux kernel for the guest, it's recommended to enable
|
|---|
| 459 | <option>CONFIG_DRM_BOCHS</option> (as a part of the kernel or a kernel
|
|---|
| 460 | module) to drive all the features of the emulated VGA card, and
|
|---|
| 461 | <option>CONFIG_FB</option> to display the Linux console on it. The
|
|---|
| 462 | other <option><type></option> values are not tested by the
|
|---|
| 463 | editors and may require additional dependencies.
|
|---|
| 464 | </para>
|
|---|
| 465 |
|
|---|
| 466 | <para>
|
|---|
| 467 | <parameter>-serial mon:stdio</parameter>: sends the serial port of the
|
|---|
| 468 | guest (<filename>/dev/ttyS0</filename> on linux guests), multiplexed with
|
|---|
| 469 | the qemu monitor, to the standard input and output of the qemu
|
|---|
| 470 | process.
|
|---|
| 471 | </para>
|
|---|
| 472 |
|
|---|
| 473 | <para>
|
|---|
| 474 | <parameter>-name <name></parameter>: sets the name of the guest.
|
|---|
| 475 | This name is displayed in the guest window caption. It may be useful
|
|---|
| 476 | if you run several guests at the same time.
|
|---|
| 477 | </para>
|
|---|
| 478 |
|
|---|
| 479 | <para>
|
|---|
| 480 | <option>-pflash /usr/share/qemu/edk2-x86_64-code.fd</option>: Load a
|
|---|
| 481 | pre-built EDK2 UEFI firmware, instead of the default PC BIOS. Use
|
|---|
| 482 | this option if you want to boot the guest OS with UEFI.
|
|---|
| 483 | </para>
|
|---|
| 484 |
|
|---|
| 485 | <para>
|
|---|
| 486 | <option>-drive file=<filename>,if=virtio</option>: Provide
|
|---|
| 487 | Virtio interface to the guest kernel for accessing the disk image,
|
|---|
| 488 | instead of simulating a real disk hardware. This can improve disk I/O
|
|---|
| 489 | performance, but it requires a Virtio driver in guest kernel. Use
|
|---|
| 490 | it instead of a plain <option>-drive</option> if the guest kernel
|
|---|
| 491 | supports Virtio. To build a Linux kernel with Virtio support for the
|
|---|
| 492 | guest, use
|
|---|
| 493 | <command>make defconfig && make kvm_guest.config</command> to
|
|---|
| 494 | create an initial kernel configuration with the Virtio drives enabled,
|
|---|
| 495 | then make your customization. And, if the guest kernel is Linux, the
|
|---|
| 496 | virtual disks using Virtio interface will be named
|
|---|
| 497 | <filename>vdx</filename> in the devtmpfs, instead of
|
|---|
| 498 | <filename>sdx</filename>.
|
|---|
| 499 | </para>
|
|---|
| 500 |
|
|---|
| 501 | <para>
|
|---|
| 502 | <option>-net nic,netdev=net0,model=virtio-net-pci</option>: Provide
|
|---|
| 503 | Virtio interface to the guest kernel for accessing the network
|
|---|
| 504 | interface, instead of simulating a real network interface card. This
|
|---|
| 505 | can improve network I/O performance, but it requires a Virtio driver
|
|---|
| 506 | in guest kernel. Use it instead of a plain <option>-net</option> if
|
|---|
| 507 | the guest kernel supports Virtio.
|
|---|
| 508 | </para>
|
|---|
| 509 |
|
|---|
| 510 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Controlling the Emulated Display</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 511 | <para>
|
|---|
| 512 | It may happen that the guest window displayed by qemu does not correspond
|
|---|
| 513 | to the full capability of the emulated VGA card. For example, the vmware
|
|---|
| 514 | card is 1600x900 capable, but only 1024x768 is displayed by default.
|
|---|
| 515 | A suitable Xorg configuration on the guest allows to use the full size
|
|---|
| 516 | (Note that the Xorg video driver to use is <xref
|
|---|
| 517 | linkend="xorg-vmware-driver"/>):
|
|---|
| 518 | </para>
|
|---|
| 519 |
|
|---|
| 520 | <screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-vmware.conf << "EOF"
|
|---|
| 521 | <literal>Section "Monitor"
|
|---|
| 522 | Identifier "Monitor0"
|
|---|
| 523 | # cvt 1600 900
|
|---|
| 524 | # 1600x900 59.95 Hz (CVT 1.44M9) hsync: 55.99 kHz; pclk: 118.25 MHz
|
|---|
| 525 | Modeline "1600x900" 118.25 1600 1696 1856 2112 900 903 908 934 -hsync +vsync
|
|---|
| 526 | Option "PreferredMode" "1600x900"
|
|---|
| 527 | HorizSync 1-200
|
|---|
| 528 | VertRefresh 1-200
|
|---|
| 529 | EndSection
|
|---|
| 530 |
|
|---|
| 531 | Section "Device"
|
|---|
| 532 | Identifier "VMware SVGA II Adapter"
|
|---|
| 533 | Option "Monitor" "default"
|
|---|
| 534 | Driver "vmware"
|
|---|
| 535 | EndSection
|
|---|
| 536 |
|
|---|
| 537 | Section "Screen"
|
|---|
| 538 | Identifier "Default Screen"
|
|---|
| 539 | Device "VMware SVGA II Adapter"
|
|---|
| 540 | Monitor "Monitor0"
|
|---|
| 541 |
|
|---|
| 542 | SubSection "Display"
|
|---|
| 543 | Depth 24
|
|---|
| 544 | Modes "1600x900" "1440x900" "1366x768" "1280x720" "800x480"
|
|---|
| 545 | EndSubSection
|
|---|
| 546 |
|
|---|
| 547 | EndSection</literal>
|
|---|
| 548 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 549 |
|
|---|
| 550 | <para>
|
|---|
| 551 | New sizes will be available besides the native ones. You need to
|
|---|
| 552 | restart X in order to have the new sizes available.
|
|---|
| 553 | </para>
|
|---|
| 554 |
|
|---|
| 555 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Networking</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 556 | <para>
|
|---|
| 557 | The above solution for networking allows the guest to access the local
|
|---|
| 558 | network through the host (and possibly to access internet through the
|
|---|
| 559 | local routers), but the converse is not true. Not even the host can
|
|---|
| 560 | access the guest, unless port forwarding is enabled. And in the case
|
|---|
| 561 | several guests are running, they cannot communicate with each other.
|
|---|
| 562 | Other network devices can be used for this purpose. For example, there
|
|---|
| 563 | is the <quote>socket</quote> device, which allows several guests to
|
|---|
| 564 | share a common virtual network. In the following, we describe in more
|
|---|
| 565 | details how to set up the <quote>bridge</quote> device, which allows
|
|---|
| 566 | the guests to appear as if connected to the local network. All the
|
|---|
| 567 | commands below should be run as the <systemitem
|
|---|
| 568 | class="username">root</systemitem> user.
|
|---|
| 569 | </para>
|
|---|
| 570 |
|
|---|
| 571 | <para revision="sysv">
|
|---|
| 572 | Set up bridging with <xref linkend="bridgeutils"/>. Only the physical
|
|---|
| 573 | interface(s) should be set up at boot. The virtual interface(s) will be
|
|---|
| 574 | added as needed when qemu is started.
|
|---|
| 575 | </para>
|
|---|
| 576 |
|
|---|
| 577 | <para revision="systemd">
|
|---|
| 578 | <!-- On SYS-V, IP_FORWARD is enabled by the bridge script. -->
|
|---|
| 579 | Allow the host to forward IP packets:
|
|---|
| 580 | </para>
|
|---|
| 581 |
|
|---|
| 582 | <screen role="root"
|
|---|
| 583 | revision="systemd"><userinput>sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 584 |
|
|---|
| 585 | <para revision="systemd">
|
|---|
| 586 | To make this permanent, add the command to
|
|---|
| 587 | <filename>/etc/sysctl.d/60-net-forward.conf:</filename>
|
|---|
| 588 | </para>
|
|---|
| 589 |
|
|---|
| 590 | <screen role="root"
|
|---|
| 591 | revision="systemd"><userinput>cat >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-net-forward.conf << EOF
|
|---|
| 592 | <literal>net.ipv4.ip_forward=1</literal>
|
|---|
| 593 | EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 594 |
|
|---|
| 595 | <para>
|
|---|
| 596 | Set up a required configuration file:
|
|---|
| 597 | </para>
|
|---|
| 598 |
|
|---|
| 599 | <!-- /etc/qemu has not been installed by "make install" since version 2.4 -->
|
|---|
| 600 | <screen role="root"><userinput>install -vdm 755 /etc/qemu &&
|
|---|
| 601 | echo allow br0 > /etc/qemu/bridge.conf</userinput></screen>
|
|---|
| 602 |
|
|---|
| 603 | <para>
|
|---|
| 604 | In the qemu command line above, replace the switch
|
|---|
| 605 | <parameter>-netdev user,...</parameter> with
|
|---|
| 606 | <parameter>-netdev bridge,...</parameter>.
|
|---|
| 607 | </para>
|
|---|
| 608 |
|
|---|
| 609 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 610 |
|
|---|
| 611 | <sect2 role="content">
|
|---|
| 612 | <title>Contents</title>
|
|---|
| 613 |
|
|---|
| 614 | <segmentedlist>
|
|---|
| 615 | <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
|
|---|
| 616 | <segtitle>Installed Library</segtitle>
|
|---|
| 617 | <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
|
|---|
| 618 |
|
|---|
| 619 | <seglistitem>
|
|---|
| 620 | <seg>
|
|---|
| 621 | elf2dmp,
|
|---|
| 622 | qemu (symlink),
|
|---|
| 623 | qemu-edid,
|
|---|
| 624 | qemu-ga,
|
|---|
| 625 | qemu-img,
|
|---|
| 626 | qemu-io,
|
|---|
| 627 | qemu-keymap,
|
|---|
| 628 | qemu-nbd,
|
|---|
| 629 | qemu-pr-helper,
|
|---|
| 630 | qemu-storage-daemon, and
|
|---|
| 631 | qemu-system-<arch>
|
|---|
| 632 | </seg>
|
|---|
| 633 | <seg>None</seg>
|
|---|
| 634 | <seg>
|
|---|
| 635 | /usr/share/qemu and
|
|---|
| 636 | /usr/share/doc/qemu-&qemu-version; (optional)
|
|---|
| 637 | </seg>
|
|---|
| 638 | </seglistitem>
|
|---|
| 639 | </segmentedlist>
|
|---|
| 640 |
|
|---|
| 641 | <variablelist>
|
|---|
| 642 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Description</bridgehead>
|
|---|
| 643 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
|---|
| 644 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
|---|
| 645 |
|
|---|
| 646 | <varlistentry id="elf2dmp">
|
|---|
| 647 | <term><command>elf2dmp</command></term>
|
|---|
| 648 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 649 | <para>
|
|---|
| 650 | Converts files from elf to dmp format
|
|---|
| 651 | </para>
|
|---|
| 652 | <indexterm zone="qemu elf2dmp">
|
|---|
| 653 | <primary sortas="b-elf2dmp">elf2dmp</primary>
|
|---|
| 654 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 655 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 656 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 657 | <!--
|
|---|
| 658 | <varlistentry id="ivshmem-client">
|
|---|
| 659 | <term><command>ivshmem-client</command></term>
|
|---|
| 660 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 661 | <para>
|
|---|
| 662 | is a standalone client for using the ivshmem device
|
|---|
| 663 | </para>
|
|---|
| 664 | <indexterm zone="qemu ivshmem-client">
|
|---|
| 665 | <primary sortas="b-ivshmem-client">ivshmem-client</primary>
|
|---|
| 666 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 667 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 668 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 669 |
|
|---|
| 670 | <varlistentry id="ivshmem-server">
|
|---|
| 671 | <term><command>ivshmem-server</command></term>
|
|---|
| 672 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 673 | <para>
|
|---|
| 674 | is an example server for the ivshmem device
|
|---|
| 675 | </para>
|
|---|
| 676 | <indexterm zone="qemu ivshmem-server">
|
|---|
| 677 | <primary sortas="b-ivshmem-server">ivshmem-server</primary>
|
|---|
| 678 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 679 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 680 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 681 | -->
|
|---|
| 682 | <varlistentry id="qemu-edid">
|
|---|
| 683 | <term><command>qemu-edid</command></term>
|
|---|
| 684 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 685 | <para>
|
|---|
| 686 | is a test tool for the qemu EDID generator
|
|---|
| 687 | </para>
|
|---|
| 688 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-edid">
|
|---|
| 689 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-edid">qemu-edid</primary>
|
|---|
| 690 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 691 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 692 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 693 |
|
|---|
| 694 | <varlistentry id="qemu-ga">
|
|---|
| 695 | <term><command>qemu-ga</command></term>
|
|---|
| 696 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 697 | <para>
|
|---|
| 698 | implements support for QMP (QEMU Monitor Protocol) commands and
|
|---|
| 699 | events that terminate and originate respectively within the guest
|
|---|
| 700 | using an agent built as part of QEMU
|
|---|
| 701 | </para>
|
|---|
| 702 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-ga">
|
|---|
| 703 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-ga">qemu-ga</primary>
|
|---|
| 704 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 705 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 706 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 707 |
|
|---|
| 708 | <varlistentry id="qemu-img">
|
|---|
| 709 | <term><command>qemu-img</command></term>
|
|---|
| 710 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 711 | <para>
|
|---|
| 712 | provides commands to manage QEMU disk images
|
|---|
| 713 | </para>
|
|---|
| 714 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-img">
|
|---|
| 715 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-img">qemu-img</primary>
|
|---|
| 716 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 717 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 718 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 719 |
|
|---|
| 720 | <varlistentry id="qemu-io">
|
|---|
| 721 | <term><command>qemu-io</command></term>
|
|---|
| 722 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 723 | <para>
|
|---|
| 724 | is a diagnostic and manipulation program for (virtual) memory
|
|---|
| 725 | media. It is still at an early stage of development
|
|---|
| 726 | </para>
|
|---|
| 727 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-io">
|
|---|
| 728 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-io">qemu-io</primary>
|
|---|
| 729 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 730 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 731 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 732 |
|
|---|
| 733 | <varlistentry id="qemu-keymap">
|
|---|
| 734 | <term><command>qemu-keymap</command></term>
|
|---|
| 735 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 736 | <para>
|
|---|
| 737 | generates qemu reverse keymaps from xkb keymaps,
|
|---|
| 738 | which can be used with the qemu "-k" command line switch
|
|---|
| 739 | </para>
|
|---|
| 740 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-keymap">
|
|---|
| 741 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-keymap">qemu-keymap</primary>
|
|---|
| 742 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 743 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 744 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 745 |
|
|---|
| 746 |
|
|---|
| 747 | <varlistentry id="qemu-nbd">
|
|---|
| 748 | <term><command>qemu-nbd</command></term>
|
|---|
| 749 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 750 | <para>
|
|---|
| 751 | exports Qemu disk images using the QEMU Disk Network Block
|
|---|
| 752 | Device (NBD) protocol
|
|---|
| 753 | </para>
|
|---|
| 754 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-nbd">
|
|---|
| 755 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-nbd">qemu-nbd</primary>
|
|---|
| 756 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 757 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 758 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 759 |
|
|---|
| 760 | <varlistentry id="qemu-pr-helper">
|
|---|
| 761 | <term><command>qemu-pr-helper</command></term>
|
|---|
| 762 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 763 | <para>
|
|---|
| 764 | Implements the persistent reservation helper for QEMU
|
|---|
| 765 | </para>
|
|---|
| 766 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-pr-helper">
|
|---|
| 767 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-pr-helper">qemu-pr-helper</primary>
|
|---|
| 768 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 769 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 770 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 771 |
|
|---|
| 772 | <varlistentry id="qemu-storage-daemon">
|
|---|
| 773 | <term><command>qemu-storage-daemon</command></term>
|
|---|
| 774 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 775 | <para>
|
|---|
| 776 | allows to modify disk images using the QEMU Monitor Protocol (QMP)
|
|---|
| 777 | without running a VM
|
|---|
| 778 | </para>
|
|---|
| 779 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-storage-daemon">
|
|---|
| 780 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-storage-daemon">qemu-storage-daemon</primary>
|
|---|
| 781 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 782 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 783 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 784 |
|
|---|
| 785 | <varlistentry id="qemu-system">
|
|---|
| 786 | <term><command>qemu-system-x86_64</command></term>
|
|---|
| 787 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 788 | <para>
|
|---|
| 789 | is the QEMU PC System emulator
|
|---|
| 790 | </para>
|
|---|
| 791 | <indexterm zone="qemu qemu-system">
|
|---|
| 792 | <primary sortas="b-qemu-system">qemu-system-x86_64</primary>
|
|---|
| 793 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 794 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 795 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 796 | <!--
|
|---|
| 797 | <varlistentry id="virtfs-proxy-helper">
|
|---|
| 798 | <term><command>virtfs-proxy-helper</command></term>
|
|---|
| 799 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 800 | <para>
|
|---|
| 801 | creates a socket pair or a named socket. QEMU and the proxy helper
|
|---|
| 802 | communicate using this socket. The QEMU proxy fs driver sends
|
|---|
| 803 | filesystem requests to the proxy helper and receives the response
|
|---|
| 804 | from it
|
|---|
| 805 | </para>
|
|---|
| 806 | <indexterm zone="qemu virtfs-proxy-helper">
|
|---|
| 807 | <primary sortas="b-virtfs-proxy-helper">virtfs-proxy-helper</primary>
|
|---|
| 808 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 809 | </listitem>
|
|---|
| 810 | </varlistentry>
|
|---|
| 811 | -->
|
|---|
| 812 | </variablelist>
|
|---|
| 813 |
|
|---|
| 814 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 815 |
|
|---|
| 816 | </sect1>
|
|---|
